Zviri mukati Tangi muparadzi "Hetzer" Enderera ... Tangi muparadzi Hetzer Jagdpanzer 38 (Sd.Kfz.138/2) Mushure mekugadzira akati wandei akagadziridzwa uye asiri anogara akabudirira magadzirirwo emwenje matangi anoparadza muna 1943, vagadziri veGerman vakakwanisa kugadzira iyo yega-inofambisa iyo yakabudirira kubatanidza huremu huremu, nhumbi dzokurwa dzakasimba uye zvombo zvinobudirira. Muparadzi wetangi wakagadzirwa naHenschel pahwaro hwechasi yakagadziridzwa yeCzechoslovak light tank TNHP, yaive neGerman zita Pz.Kpfw.38 (t). Pfuti itsva inozvifambisa yakanga ine hull yakaderera ine kurerekera kunonzwisisika kwemahwendefa ezvombo zvemberi nepamusoro. Kuiswa kwe75-mm pfuti ine dhiramu kureba kwe48 calibers, yakafukidzwa nemaski ezvombo zve spherical. Pfuti yemuchina ye7,92-mm ine chivharo chenhovo inoiswa padenga rehull. Iyo chassis inogadzirwa nemavhiri mana, injini iri kumashure kwemuviri, kutapurirana uye mavhiri ekutyaira ari kumberi. Chikwata chinozvifambisa chega chaive nenhepfenyuro neintercom yetangi. Zvimwe zvezvigadziriso zvakagadzirwa mushanduro yemoto unozvifambisa wega, nepo murazvo wemoto wakaiswa panzvimbo ye75-mm pfuti. Kugadzirwa kwepfuti dzinozvipfura kwakatanga muna 1944 uye kwakapfuurira kusvika pakupera kwehondo. Pakazara, anenge 2600 kumisikidzwa akagadzirwa, ayo akashandiswa mukurwisa matangi mauto evacheche uye emota zvikamu. Kubva munhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwetangi muparadzi 38 "Hetzer" Hapana chinoshamisa pakusikwa kwe "Jagdpanzer 38". MaAllies akabudirira kubhomba mafekitori eAlmerkische Kettenfabrik muna Mbudzi 1943. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo uye maworkshop echirimwa, iyo yaive yakakura mugadziri kurova artillery Nazi Germany, iyo yakagadzira hwaro hwekupokana-matangi uye brigades. Zvirongwa zvekushongedza iyo anti-tank zvikamu zveWehrmacht nezvinhu zvinodiwa zvaive munjodzi. Kambani yaFrederick Krupp yakatanga kugadzira pfuti dzekurova neshongwe yeStuG 40 uye pasi pePzKpfw IV tank, asi dzaidhura, uye pakanga pasina matangi eT-IV akakwana. Zvose zvakanga zvakaoma nokuti pakutanga kwa1945, maererano nekuverenga, mauto aida zvishoma zvikamu 1100 pamwedzi makumi manomwe neshanu-millimeter anti-tank self-propelled pfuti. Asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, uye nekuda kwekuoma uye kushandiswa kwesimbi, hapana kana imwe yemashini akagadzirwa-akawanda anogona kugadzirwa muhuwandu hwakadaro. Zvidzidzo zvemapurojekiti aripo zvakajekesa kuti chasi uye simba rezvipfuti zvinozvifambisa "Marder III" zvine hunyanzvi uye zvakachipa, asi kuchengetwa kwayo kwakange kusina kukwana. Kunyangwe, kuwanda kwemotokari yehondo pasina kuomesesa kukuru kwekumiswa kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera chassis. Muna Nyamavhuvhu-Gunyana 1943, mainjiniya eVMM akagadzira dhizaini remhando nyowani yepfuti yakachipa yakachipa inodzivirira tangi, yaive yakashongedzerwa nepfuti isingadzokeri, asi, kunyangwe paine mukana wekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemotokari dzakadaro kunyange bhomba risati raitika. muna November 1943, basa iri harina kuita kuti vanhu vafarire. Muna 1944, veAllies vakapotsa vasina kupamba nharaunda yeCzechoslovakia, iyo indasitiri haisati yatambura, uye kugadzirwa kwepfuti munharaunda yayo kwave kukwezva kwazvo. Pakupera kwaMbudzi, kambani yeVMM yakagamuchira rairo yepamutemo nechinangwa chekugadzira sampu yakanonoka ye "pfuti yekurova nyowani" mukati memwedzi. Musi waDecember 17, basa rekugadzira rakapedzwa uye mhando dzemapuranga dzemhando dzemotokari itsva dzakaratidzwa ne "Heereswaffenamt" (Directorate of Armaments of the Ground Forces). Musiyano pakati pezvisarudzo izvi waive muchasi uye gwenya remagetsi. Yekutanga yaive yakavakirwa paPzKpfw 38 (t) tangi, mudiki-saizi conning tower iyo, neyakarerekera kurongeka kwemahwendefa ezvombo, pfuti isingadzokeri 105-mm yakaiswa, inokwanisa kurova nhumbi dzehondo chero tangi yemuvengi. chinhambwe chinosvika 3500 m. Yechipiri iri pane chassis yetangi nyowani yekuyedza yekuongorora TNH nA, yakashongedzerwa ne105-mm chubhu - anti-tank missile launcher, ine kumhanya inosvika 900 m / s uye 30-mm otomatiki pfuti. Sarudzo, iyo, maererano nenyanzvi, yakabatanidza node dzakabudirira dzeimwe uye imwe, yakanga iri, sezviri, pakati pakati pezvakarongwa shanduro uye yakakurudzirwa kuvaka. Iyo 75-mm PaK39 L / 48 cannon yakabvumidzwa sechombo chemuparadzi mutsva wetangi, iyo yakaiswa mukugadzirwa kwe serial kune yepakati tank muparadzi "Jagdpanzer IV", asi pfuti isingadzoke uye pfuti yeroketi hazvina kuitwa. Prototype SAU "Sturmgeschutz nA", yakatenderwa kuvaka Musi waJanuary 27, 1944, shanduro yekupedzisira yepfuti dzinozvifambisa yakagamuchirwa. Mota iyi yakaiswa musevhisi se "rudzi rutsva rwe75 mm yekurova pfuti paPzKpfw 38(t) chassis" (Sturmgeschutz nA mit 7,5 cm Cancer 39 L/48 Auf Fahzgestell PzKpfw 38 (t)). Kubvumbi 1, 1944. kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwakatanga. Nenguva isipi pfuti dzaizvifambisa dzakadzokororwa zvakare sedzinoparadza matangi emwenje uye dzakapihwa index nyowani "Jagdpanzer 38 (SdKfz 138/2)“. Pana Zvita 4, 1944, zita ravo pachavo "Hetzer" rakapiwawo kwavari (Hetzer muvhimi anodyisa chikara). Mota iyi yaive nezvakawanda zvemagadzirirwo matsva uye zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi, kunyangwe vagadziri vakaedza kuibatanidza nepavaigona napo neine hunyanzvi PzKpfw 38 (t) tank uye Marder III light tank muparadzi. Huru dzakagadzirwa nemahwendefa ezvombo zvehukobvu hwakakura hwakagadzirwa newelding, uye kwete nemabhaudhi - kekutanga kuCzechoslovakia. Iyo yakakwenenzverwa hull, kunze kwedenga rekurwira uye injini, yaive monolithic uye isina mhepo, uye mushure mekuvandudzwa kwebasa rewelding, kusimba kwekushanda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kuchienzaniswa neiyo riveted hull yakadzikira kanenge kaviri. Uta hwehull hwaive nemahwendefa maviri ezvombo ane ukobvu hwe2 mm (maererano nedata remumba - 60 mm), akaiswa pamakona makuru ekurerekera (64 ° - kumusoro uye 60 ° - pasi). Mativi e "Hetzer" - 40 mm - aivewo nemakona makuru ekurerekera uye saka akanyatso chengetedza vashandi kubva kumabara kubva kune anti-tank pfuti uye mabhomba ediki-caliber (kusvika 20 mm) pfuti, uye kubva kuhombe hombe. uye zvimedu zvebhomba. Mamiriro emuparadzi wetangi "Jagdpanzer 38 Hetzer" Dzvanya padhayagiramu kuti uwedzere (ichavhura muhwindo idzva) 1 - 60-mm pamberi peplate yezvombo, 2 - mbiya yepfuti, 3 - pfuti mantlet, 4 - pfuti bhora gomo, 5 - gimbal gomo repfuti, 6 - MG-34 muchina pfuti, 7 - shell stacking, - N-mm sirin'i zvombo. ndiro, 9 - injini "Prague" AE, 10 - exhaust system, 11 - radiator fan, 12 chidhiraivho, 13 - track rollers, 14 - chigaro chekurodha, 15 - cardan shaft, 16 - chigaro chepfuti, 17 - pfuti cartridges, 18 - bhokisi magiya. Kurongeka kweHetzer kwaivewo kutsva, sezvo kekutanga mutyairi wemota aive kuruboshwe kweiyo longitudinal axis (muCzechoslovakia, hondo isati yatanga, kudzika-kurudyi kwemutyairi wetangi kwakagamuchirwa). Mhondi nemudziyo wakaiswa kumashure kwemusoro wemutyairi, kuruboshwe kwepfuti, uye nzvimbo yemukuru wepfuti anozvifambisa yaive kumashure kwemuchengeti wepfuti kudivi renyeredzi. Pakupinda nekubuda kwevashandi padenga remota paive nemahachi maviri. Yeruboshwe yaiitirwa mutyairi, pfuti nemutakuri, uye yekurudyi yemukuru. Kuti kuderedze mutengo we serial self-propelled pfuti, pakutanga yaive neshongedzero diki yemidziyo yekuongorora. Mutyairi aive nema periscopes maviri (kazhinji chete akaiswa) ekuona mugwagwa; mupfuti aigona kuona nzvimbo chete kuburikidza nekuona periscope "Sfl. Zfla”, yaive nekamunda kadiki kekuona. Mutakuri aive neanodzivirira muchina pfuti periscope yekuona iyo yaigona kutenderedzwa yakatenderedza yakatwasuka axis.   Tangi Muparadzi  Mukuru wemotokari, ane hatch yakazaruka, aigona kushandisa stereotube, kana periscope yekunze. Kana chivharo chehatch chakavharwa panguva yemoto wevavengi, vashandi vakanyimwa mukana wekuongorora zvakatenderedza padivi pe starboard uye kumashure kwetangi (kunze kwemuchina-pfuti periscope). Iyo 75-mm self-propelled anti-tank pfuti PaK39 / 2 ine dhiramu kureba kwe48 calibers yakaiswa mune yakamanikana yakambundirwa yeplate repamberi zvishoma kurudyi rwelongitudinal axis yemotokari. Makona ekunongedza epfuti kurudyi nekuruboshwe haana kuenderana (5 ° - kuruboshwe uye kusvika 10 ° - kurudyi) nekuda kwehudiki hwekamuri yekurwira ine breech hombe yepfuti, zvakare. sekuiswa kwayo asymmetrical. Yakanga iri nguva yokutanga muchivako chetangi reGermany neCzechoslovak kuti pfuti yakakura kudaro igone kuiswa mukamuri duku rakadaro rokurwira. Izvi zvakaitwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandisa yakakosha gimbal furemu pachinzvimbo chemuchina wepfuti. Muna 1942-1943. injiniya K. Shtolberg akagadzira furemu iyi yepfuti yeRaK39 / RaK40, asi kwenguva yakati haina kukurudzira kuvimba muuto. Asi mushure mekudzidza Soviet self-propelled pfuti S-1 (SU-76I), SU-85 uye SU-152 muzhizha ra1943, iyo yakanga ine maitiro akafanana ekugadzirisa, hutungamiri hweGermany hwakatenda mukushanda kwayo. Pakutanga, furemu yakashandiswa pakati pevaparadzi tangi "Jagdpanzer IV", "Panzer IV / 70", uye gare gare pane inorema "Jagdpanther". Vagadziri vakaedza kurerutsa iyo "Jagdpanzer 38", nekuda kwekuti uta hwayo hwakanga hwakaremerwa zvakanyanya (mupendero pauta, izvo zvakaita kuti uta hwarembera kusvika 8 - 10 cm maererano nechekumashure). Pamusoro pedenga reHetzer, pamusoro pechivharo chekuruboshwe, pfuti yemuchina inodzivirira yakaiswa (ine magazini inokwana 50 rounds), uye yakavharwa kubva kune shrapnel nekona nhovo. Service yaibatwa neloader. "Praga AE" - kuvandudzwa kweinjini yeSweden "Scania-Vabis 1664", iyo yakabudiswa muCzechoslovakia pasi perezinesi, yakaiswa mudhipatimendi remasimba epfuti-self-propelled. Injini yacho yaive nemasilinda matanhatu, yaive isingaderere uye yaive nehunhu hwakanaka hwekuita. Kugadziriswa "Praga AE" yakanga ine carburetor yechipiri, iyo yakasimudza kukurumidza kubva ku6 kusvika ku2100. Vakabvumira kusimudza, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kukurumidza, simba rayo kubva ku2500 hp. kusvika ku130 hp (gare gare - kusvika 160 hp) - yakawedzera compression ratio yeinjini. Pavhu rakanaka, "Hetzer" inogona kukurumidza kusvika ku40 km / h. Pamugwagwa wenyika ine pasi rakaoma, sezvakaratidzwa nemiedzo yeHetzer yakabatwa muU.SR, Jagdpanzer 38 yakakwanisa kusvika pakukurumidza kwe46,8 km / h. 2 matangi emafuta ane huwandu hwe220 uye 100 malita akapa mota nzvimbo yekufamba mumugwagwa mukuru wemakiromita 185-195. Iyo chassis yeACS prototype yaive nezvinhu zvePzKpfw 38 (t) tangi ine zvitubu zvakasimbiswa, asi nekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemazhinji, kureba kwemavhiri emugwagwa kwakawedzera kubva pa775 mm kusvika 810 mm (maroller eTNH nA tank. akaiswa mukugadzirwa kwakawanda). Kuvandudza maneuverability, iyo SPG track yakawedzerwa kubva pa2140 mm kusvika 2630 mm. Iyo yose-welded hull yaive nefuremu yakagadzirwa neT-yakaita uye makona profiles, iyo yakasungirirwa mahwendefa ezvombo. Heterogeneous mahwendefa ezvombo akashandiswa mukugadzira hull. Mota iyi yaidzorwa nemalever nemapedals. Pazasi peiyo armored hull ye tank muparadzi "Hetzer" Iyo Hetzer yaifambiswa neatanhatu-cylinder pamusoro pevharuvhu mumutsara wemvura-yakatonhorera injini yePraga EPA AC 2800 mhando ine vhoriyamu inoshanda ye7754 cm XNUMX.3 uye simba re117,7 kW (160 hp) pa2800 rpm. Radiyeta ine vhoriyamu inosvika 50 litres yaive kumashure kwemota kuseri kweinjini. Mhepo inopinza iri painjini ndiro yakatungamira kune radiator. Mukuwedzera, iyo Hetzer yakanga yakagadzirwa nemafuta anotonhorera (apo zvose injini nemafuta ekufambisa zvakanyoroveswa), pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekutanga hunotonhora hwakabvumira kuti inotonhora izadzwe nemvura inopisa. Kukwanisa kwemafuta emafuta kwaiva 320 malita, matangi akawedzerwa kuburikidza nemutsipa wakafanana. Kushandiswa kwemafuta mumugwagwa mukuru kwaiva 180 malita pa100 km, uye kunze kwemugwagwa 250 malita pa100 km. Matangi maviri emafuta aive pamativi ekamuri remagetsi, tangi rekuruboshwe rakabata marita 220, uye rerudyi riine zana. Sezvo tangi rekuruboshwe raidururwa, peturu yakapombwa kubva patangi rekurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Iyo pombi yemafuta "Solex" yaive negetsi dhiraivha, iyo yekukurumidzira mechanical pombi yakashongedzerwa nedhiraivha. Iyo huru friction clutch yakaoma, multi-disc. Gearbox "Praga-Wilson" rudzi rwemapuraneti, magiya mashanu uye reverse. Iyo torque yaifambiswa uchishandisa bevel giya. Shaft yekubatanidza injini negiya bhokisi yaipfuura nepakati penzvimbo yekurwira. Main uye anobatsira mabhureki, mechanical mhando (tepi). Tsanangudzo yemukati we tank muparadzi "Hetzer" Kutungamira "Praga-Wilson" rudzi rwemapuraneti. Madhiraivha ekupedzisira ane-single-row ane mazino emukati. Iro rekunze giya vhiri rekupedzisira dhiraivha rakabatana zvakananga kune vhiri rekutyaira. Iyi dhizaini yemadhiraivha ekupedzisira yakaita kuti ikwanise kufambisa yakakosha torque ine diki saizi yegiya bhokisi. Kushandura radius 4,54 mamita. Iyo yepasi peiyo Hetzer mwenje tangi muparadzi yaive nemavhiri mana makuru-diamita emugwagwa (825 mm). Ma roller akadhindwa kubva parata uye aisungirirwa kutanga nemabhaudhi 16, uyezve nema rivets. Gumbo rimwe nerimwe rairembera riri maviri pachitubu chakaita seshizha. Pakutanga, chitubu chakatorwa kubva kumarata esimbi ane ukobvu hwe7 mm uyezve mahwendefa ane ukobvu hwe9 mm. Kumashure - Pamberi >>