Pfuti dzekuItaly dzakazvifambisa dzega dzeHondo Yenyika II
Pfuti dzekuItaly dzakazvifambisa dzega dzeHondo Yenyika II
Mumakore makumi matatu nemakumi mana, indasitiri yeItaly, kunze kwezvisingawanzoitiki, yakagadzira matangi asiri emhando yepamusoro uye ane hurombo paramita. Nekudaro, panguva imwecheteyo, vagadziri veItaly vakakwanisa kugadzira akati wandei akabudirira ega pfuti madhizaini pane yavo chassis, iyo ichakurukurwa muchinyorwa.
Paiva nezvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Chimwe chazvo chaive chehuori mukutanga kwe30s, apo FIAT neAnsaldo vakagashira kutonga kwekupihwa kwemotokari dzehondo dzeuto reItaly, umo vakuru vakuru (kusanganisira Marshal Hugo Cavaliero) vaigara vaine migove yavo. Ehezve, pakanga paine mamwe matambudziko, anosanganisira kumwe kumashure kwemamwe matavi eindasitiri yeItaly, uye pakupedzisira, matambudziko nekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwakabatana hwekusimudzira mauto.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, uto reItaly rakasara shure kwevatungamiri venyika, uye maBritish, French neAmerica vakagadzirisa maitiro, uye kubva munenge muna 1935 zvakare maGermany neSoviet. MaItaly akavaka rakabudirira FIAT 3000 light tank mumazuva ekutanga ezvombo zvehondo, asi zvavakazowana zvakatsauka zvakanyanya kubva pachiyero ichi. Mushure mazvo, muenzaniso, maererano nemuenzaniso wakarongwa nekambani yeBritish Vickers, yakaonekwa muuto reItaly ne tankettes CV.33 uye CV.35 (Carro Veloce, fast tank), uye gare gare, L6 / 40. tangi yechiedza, iyo yakanga isina kunyatsobudirira uye yakanonoka makore akati wandei (yakachinjirwa kushumiro muna 1940).
Mapoka ezvombo zveItaly, akaumbwa kubva muna 1938, aifanira kugamuchira artillery (sechikamu chehondo) inokwanisa kutsigira matangi uye varwi vemotokari, izvo zvaidawo kufamba kwemotokari. Zvisinei, mauto eItaly akanyatsotevera mapurojekiti akaonekwa kubva kuma20 ekuiswa kwezvombo zvine nzvimbo yakakwirira uye kurwisana kukuru nemoto wevavengi, vanokwanisa kupinza muhondo pamwe chete nematangi. Saka pakabva pazvarwa pfungwa yepfuti dzinozvifambisa dzoga dzeuto reItaly. Ngatidzokerei kumashure zvishoma uye tichinje nzvimbo ...
Pre-war self-propelled pfuti
Mabviro epfuti anozvifambisa kubva panguva iyo matangi ekutanga akapinda munhandare yehondo. Muna 1916, muchina wakagadzirwa muGreat Britain, wakagadzwa Gun Carrier Mark I, uye muzhizha regore raitevera wakagadzirwa mukupindura kushaikwa kwekufamba kwezvombo zvekudhonzwa, izvo zvaisakwanisa kuenderana nekutanga kunonoka. -kufambisa pfuti. kufamba kwematangi pamusoro penzvimbo yakaoma. Magadzirirwo ayo akavakirwa pane yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya Mark I chassis. Makumi makumi mashanu akarairwa, maviri acho aive nemagetsi enhare. Pfuti dzekutanga dzakazvifambisa dzakaita dangwe radzo muhondo panguva yeHondo Yetatu yeYpres (Chikunguru-Gumiguru 60), asi haina kubudirira zvakanyanya. Vakanzi havana kubudirira uye vakakurumidza kuchinjwa kuva vatakuri vezvombo vakatakura zvombo. Zvakangodaro, nhoroondo yezvombo zvekuzvifambisa zvinotanga navo.
Pashure pokupera kweHondo Huru, zvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvakafukidzwa nemvura. Kupatsanurwa kwepfuti dzinozvifambisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaumbwa, izvo, nedzimwe shanduko, zvakasara kusvikira nhasi. Dzainyanya kufarirwa dzaive pfuti dzemumunda (cannons, howwitzers, gun-howitzers) nemadhaka. Pfuti dzekuzvidzivirira-dzinorwisa matangi dzakazozivikanwa sevanoparadza matangi. Kuchengetedza mbiru dzakashongedzerwa, dzakagadzirwa uye dzine mota kubva pakurwiswa nemhepo, zvimisikidzo zvinodzivirira ndege (zvakadai seMark I ye1924, yakashongedzerwa nepfuti ye76,2-mm 3-pounder) yakatanga kuvakwa. Muhafu yechipiri ye30s, yekutanga prototypes yekurova pfuti (Sturmeschütz, StuG III) yakasikwa muGermany, iyo yainyatso kutsiva matangi evacheche anoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo, asi mune turretless vhezheni. Muchokwadi, matangi ekutsigira muBritain neUnited States, uye matangi ezvombo muUSSR, aive akasiyana nepfungwa iyi, kazhinji akashongedzerwa nehombe hombe howitzer pane yakajairwa cannon yemhando iyi uye nekuona kuparadzwa kwemuvengi. masvingo uye nzvimbo dzekudzivisa.
