Variable valve nguva. Chinopa chii uye chinobatsira here
Iyo gasi yekugovera sisitimu inoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kweimwe injini. The variable valve timing system yave yakarova mumakore achangopfuura. Chii chinoita?
Iyo valve timing system (inowanzozivikanwa sekugovera gasi) ine basa rekupa musanganiswa wakamanikidzwa, i.e. mafuta-mhepo musanganiswa, kune cylinder uye nekuburitsa gasi rekuburitsa mumigero yekuburitsa.
Injini dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa marudzi matatu makuru enguva yevharuvhu: OHV (pamusoro camshaft), OHC (pamusoro camshaft), uye DOHC (kamshaft yakapetwa kaviri).
Asi kunze kweizvi, nguva yacho inogona kunge iine yakakosha sisitimu yekushandisa. Imwe yeakajairika masisitimu erudzi urwu ndeyekusiyana kwevhavha nguva masisitimu.
KUSVIRA
Optimal combustion
Variable valve nguva yakagadzirwa kuti iwane zvirinani kupisa paramita uku uchivandudza masimba. Vamwe vachataura kuti yakagara ichizivikanwa kuti turbocharging inopa kuyerera kwakanaka kwesimba.
Nekudaro, supercharging mhinduro inodhura inosiya hupfumi hwemafuta kumashure. Zvichakadaro, vagadziri vacho vaida kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Izvi zvakaitwa nekuseta kona yekuvhura yeimwe kana imwe vharuvhu zvichienderana nekumhanya kweinjini panguva ino, pamwe nechisimba chekutsikirira pedal yeaccelerator.
- Mazuva ano mhinduro iyi iri kuwedzera kushandiswa mumagadzirirwo ese emazuva ano. Inopa kuzadzwa kuri nani kwemasilinda nemusanganiswa wemafuta emhepo kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa mhinduro, iyo yakanyatsogadzirirwa yeavhareji kumhanya uye mutoro weinjini, anodaro Robert Puchala weboka reMotoricus SA.
Onawo: Unofanira kubheja pane turbocharged peturu injini? TSI, T-Jet, EcoBoost
Yekutanga variable valve timing system yakaonekwa muna 1981 paAlfa Romeo Spider. Asi chete kuiswa kwehurongwa uhu (mushure mekuvandudzwa) neHonda muna 1989 (iyo VTEC system) yakaratidza kutanga kwebasa renyika reiyo variable valve timing system. Nenguva isipi masisitimu akafanana akaonekwa muBMW (Doppel-Vanos) uye Toyota (VVT-i).
Chimwe chezvinyorwa
Kutanga, ngatinzwisise izwi iri rinovhiringidza - kushandura nguva yevharuvhu. Tiri kutaura nezve kushandura nguva dzekuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu zvichienderana nekuremerwa kweinjini nekumhanya kwayo. Nokudaro, nguva yekuzadza uye yekubvisa ye cylinder pasi pemutoro inoshanduka. Semuenzaniso, pakumhanya kweinjini yakaderera, vharuvhu yekupinda inovhura gare gare uye inovhara kare kupfuura pakumhanya kweinjini.
Mhedzisiro ndeye flatter torque curve, i.e. torque yakawanda inowanikwa pazasi rpm, iyo inowedzera kuchinjika kweinjini uku ichideredza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona mhinduro irinani yekutsikirira gasi pedal yemayuniti akashongedzerwa neakadaro system.
MuHonda VTEC variable valve timing system inoshandiswa mu90s, maviri seti emakamera evharuvhu anowanikwa pane shaft. Vanochinja mushure mekupfuura 4500 rpm. Iyi sisitimu inoshanda zvakanyanya pakumhanya kwakanyanya, asi zvakanyanya pakumhanya kwakaderera. Kutyaira mota inofambiswa neiyi system kunoda kuchinjika chaiko.
Asi mushandisi ane motokari ine injini inenge 30-50 hp. ane simba kupfuura mayuniti ane vhoriyamu imwechete yekushanda pasina kushandura nguva yevharuvhu. Semuenzaniso, injini yeHonda 1.6 VTEC inobereka 160 hp, uye muhuwandu hwemazuva - 125 hp. Iyo yakafanana sisitimu yakaitwa neMitsubishi (MIVEC) uye Nissan (VVL).
Honda's advanced i-VTEC system yakakwanisa kuvandudza kushanda kweinjini panguva yakaderera revs. Dhizaini yemakamera pane shaft inosanganiswa neiyo hydraulic system inokubvumira kuti uchinje zvakasununguka kona yecamshaft. Nokudaro, zvikamu zvenguva yevhavha yakagadziriswa zvakanaka kune injini yekumhanya.
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Makwikwi mhinduro ndeye VVT-i mumhando dzeToyota, Double-Vanos muBMW, Super Fire muAlfa Romeo kana Zetec SE muFord. Nguva yekuvhura uye yekuvhara yevhavha inodzorwa kwete nemaseti emakamera, asi ne hydraulic phase shifter iyo inoisa kona ye shaft pane iyo makamera aripo. Masisitimu akareruka ane akati wandei akagadziriswa shaft angles anochinja neRPM. Zvimwe zvemberi zvinoshandura kona zvakanaka.
Ehe, akasiyana mavharuvhu enguva masisitimu anowanikwawo pane mamwe akawanda emota mhando.
Kubatsira uye kuipa
Isu takatotaura zvakanakira injini dzakashongedzerwa neinoshanduka valve timing system pamusoro. Uku ndiko kuvandudzwa kwemasimba emagetsi emagetsi uku uchinatsiridza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Asi senge chero nzira, iyo inoshanduka yevhavha nguva sisitimu inewo yakashata.
“Idzi gadziriro dzakaoma kunzwisisa, dzine mativi mazhinji, uye muchiitiko chokukundikana, kugadzirisa kwakaoma, uko kunobatanidzwa nendyiko huru,” anodaro Adam Kowalski, makanika anobva kuSłupsk.
Kunyangwe pakugadzirisa bhandi renguva, mari yekugadzirisa inogona kudarika zviuru zvezł. Inofanirawo kuverengerwa kuti isu hatizogadziri iyo inoshanduka valve timing system mune chero workshop. Dzimwe nguva zvinosara chete kushanyira nzvimbo yebasa yakatenderwa. Uyezve, kupihwa kwezvimedu zvemukati hakuna kukurira.
- Iyo yakaderera zvakare mutengo wekutenga mota pachayo, kunyangwe mumusika wechipiri. Dzinogara dzichidhura nemakumi, uye dzimwe nguva nemakumi akawanda ezana muzana, kupfuura vamwe vavo pasina kuchinja nguva yevhavha, mechanic anowedzera.
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Nokudaro, mumaonero ake, mumwe munhu anoda motokari yeguta chete, hazvigoneki kuti zvingave zvichibvira kutora mukana wemotokari ine injini ine nguva yakasiyana-siyana yevhavha. Adam Kowalski anoti: “Nhambo dzemuguta dzakanyanya kupfupika zvokusagona kunakidzwa nekufamba uye kushandisa peturu zvine mwero.
Mechanics anorayira, kuitira kuti udzivise migumisiro isingafadzi uye mari yakawanda mushure mokunge valve yakundikana, mitemo yakawanda inofanira kuonekwa.
“Kana tikatenga motokari yakamboshandiswa tisina chokwadi nezvenhoroondo yayo, tinofanira kutanga tatsiva bhandi renguva nemagetsi nemapombi emvura, hongu, kana ichityairwa nebhande,” anodaro Robert Puchala anobva kuMotoricus SA. Group.
