Junkers Ju 88. Eastern Front 1941 chikamu 9

Junkers Ju 88 A-5, 9K+FA neStab KG 51 isati yatanga. Zviratidzo zvekubudirira pakutungamira zvinoshamisa.

Mangwanani-ngwanani aJune 22, 1941, hondo yeGermany neSoviet yakatanga. KuOperation Barbarossa, maGermany akaunganidza ndege 2995 pamuganhu neSoviet Union, iyo 2255 yakanga yakagadzirira kurwa. Chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chavo, huwandu hwemichina 927 (inosanganisira 702 inogona kushanda), yaive Dornier Do 17 Z (133/65) 1, Heinkel He 111 H (280/215) uye Junkers Ju 88 A (514/422) mabhomba. ) vanobhomba.

Ndege yeLuftwaffe yaida kutsigira Operation Barbarossa yakagoverwa kumapoka matatu emhepo (Luftflotten). Sechikamu cheLuftflotte 1, inoshanda kumberi kwekuchamhembe, mauto ese anobhomba aisanganisira 9 squadrons (Gruppen) ine Ju 88 ndege: II./KG 1 (29/27), III./KG 1 (30/29), uye ./KG 76 (30/22), II./KG 76 (30/25), III./KG 76 (29/22), I./KG 77 (30/23), II. /KG 76 (29/20) , III./KG 76 (31/23) uye KGr. 806 (30/18) yehuwandu hwe271/211 mota.

Kugadzirwa kweJu 88 A-5 yeIII./KG 51 panguva yekusagadzikana.

Luftflotte 2, inoshanda nechepakati kumberi, yaisanganisira zvikwata zviviri chete zvine Ju 88 ndege: inokwana I./KG 3 (41/32) uye II./KG 3 (38/32) pamwe chete nendege mbiri dzeStab KG 3. , dzaive mota 81/66. Ichishanda kumaodzanyemba, Luftflotte 4 yaive nezvikwata zvishanu zvine mabhomba eJu 88 A: I./KG 51 (22/22), II./KG 51 (36/29), III./KG 51 (32/28), I ./KG 54 (34/31) uye II./KG 54 (36/33). Pamwe chete nemichina mitatu yenguva dzose, yaiva 3/163 ndege.

Basa rekutanga reLuftwaffe bomber units mumushandirapamwe kuMabvazuva rakanga riri rokuparadza ndege dzevavengi dzakatarisana nenhandare dzendege dzemuganhu, izvo zvaizovabvumira kugadza hukuru hwemhepo uye, semugumisiro, vakasununguka kukwanisa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga kutsigira mauto epasi. MaGermany haana kuziva simba rechokwadi reSoviet aviation. Pasinei nokuti muchirimo cha1941 air attaché muMoscow obst. Heinrich Aschenbrenner akaita chirevo chine data chaiyo yehukuru chaihwo hweAir Force, iyo 8000th division yeLuftwaffe General Staff haina kugamuchira idzi data, vachifunga kuti dzakawedzeredza uye dzichisara nefungidziro yavo, iyo yakataura kuti muvengi aive ne9917. ndege. Muchokwadi, maSoviet aive ne17 mota muWestern Military Districts chete, uye pamwe chete vaive vasina isingasviki 704 XNUMX ndege!

Kunyange kusati kwatanga kurwisana, 6./KG 51 yakatanga kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kweJu 88 ndege yekushanda kwakarongwa kwemhepo, sezvinoyeuka Ofw. Friedrich Aufdemkamp:

PaWiener Neustadt base, kushandurwa kweJu 88 kune yakajairwa kurwisa ndege yakatanga. Iyo yezasi hafu yekabhini yaive yakashongedzerwa nesimbi, uye 2 cm cannon yakavakwa muchikamu chayo chepasi, chemberi kudzora mucherechedzi. Mukuwedzera, makanika akavaka midziyo miviri yakaita sebhokisi mukati mebhomba bay, imwe neimwe yaiva nemabhomba 360 SD 2. SD 2 fragmentation bhomba inorema 2 kg yaiva cylinder ine dhayamita ye76 mm. Mushure mekugadzirisazve, iyo yekunze hinged shell yakavhurwa kuita maviri hafu-silinda, uye mamwe mapapiro akawedzerwa pazvitubu. Chimiro chese ichi, chakabatanidzwa nemuviri webhomba pamuseve wesimbi wakareba 120 mm, chaiita semapapiro eshavishavi, ayo kumagumo aive akarereka pakona kuenda kumhepo, izvo zvakaita kuti chirukwa chakabatana nefuse chitenderere kuchinjika panguva yekuputika. . kudonha kwebhomba. Mushure mekuchinja kwe10, pini yechirimo mukati me fuse yakasunungurwa, iyo yakavhara zvakakwana bhomba. Mushure mekuputika, anenge 2 zvidimbu zvinorema kupfuura 250 gramu zvakaumbwa muSD 1 kesi, iyo inowanzokonzera maronda anouraya mukati memamita gumi kubva panzvimbo yekuputika, uye chiedza - kusvika ku 10 mamita.

Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwepfuti, zvombo, uye bhomba racks, huremu hweJu 88 hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, motokari yave ichirema zvishoma pamhino. Nyanzvi dzakatipawo zano rekushandisa mabhomba eSD-2 mumhepo yakadzika-yakadzika. Mabhomba aifanira kudonhedzwa paurefu hwemamita makumi mana kubva pasi. Mazhinji acho akabva aputika pakureba kweanenge 40 m, uye mamwe ese pakubata nevhu. Chinangwa chavo chaive chekuva nhandare dzendege nemapoka emauto. Zvakava pachena kuti isu taive zvino tiri chikamu che "Himmelfahrtskommando" (detachment of losers). Zvechokwadi, panguva yekurwiswa kwemhepo kubva pakakwirira mamita makumi mana, takaiswa pasi pekudzivirirwa kukuru kwepasi, kunosanganisira chiedza chekudzivirira ndege uye zvombo zviduku zvevacheche. Uye nekuwedzera, zvaive zvakafanira kufunga nezvekugona kurwiswa kwevarwi. Tatanga kurovedza muviri kwakasimba mukuita mhirizhonga yakadaro nemagetsi. Vatyairi vendege vaifanira kungwarira zvikuru kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti kana mabhomba akadonhedzwa nechitsinga kana kuti mukuru mukuru, aifanira kugara ari paukwiriri hwakafanana kana kuti kupfuura mutungamiriri kuti arege kuwira munzvimbo yezviito zvemabhomba anoputika.