Maitiro ekuyera torque (torque) yemota yako

Torque inoenderana nesimba remabhiza uye inosiyana zvichienderana nemotokari uye maficha ayo. Wheel size uye giya reshiyo inokanganisa torque.

Kunyangwe iwe uri kutenga mota nyowani kana kuvaka danda rinopisa mugaraji rako, zvinhu zviviri zvinopinda pakusarudza kuita kweinjini: simba rebhiza uye torque. Kana iwe wakafanana nevakawanda vanozviita-iwe-makanika kana vanofarira mota, iwe unogona kunge uine nzwisiso yakanaka yehukama pakati pesimba rebhiza uye torque, asi unogona kuwana zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti iyo "tsoka-pondo" nhamba dzinowanikwa sei. Zvitende kana kwete, hazvina kuoma zvakadaro.

Tisati tapinda mune zvehunyanzvi zvehunyanzvi, ngatiburitsei chokwadi chakareruka uye tsananguro kuti ikubatsire kunzwisisa kuti sei zvese simba rebhiza uye torque zviri zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo. Isu tinofanirwa kutanga nekutsanangura zvinhu zvitatu zveyemukati yekupisa injini kuyerwa kwekuita: kumhanya, torque, uye simba.

Chikamu 1 che4: Kunzwisisa Kuti Injini Yekumhanya, Torque, uye Simba Zvinokanganisa Sei Kushanda Kwese

Muchinyorwa chazvino mumagazini yeHot Rod, chimwe chezvakavanzika zvikuru zvekushanda kweinjini chakazogadziriswa nekudzokera kune izvo zvekutanga zvekuti simba rinoita sei. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti dynamometers (injini dynamometers) yakagadzirirwa kuyera injini yebhiza.

Muchokwadi, dynamometers haiyere simba, asi torque. Iyi torque nhamba inowedzerwa neRPM kwainoyerwa yobva yakamurwa ne5,252 kuti iwane simba.

Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu, madhinamometer aishandiswa kuyera injini torque uye RPM yaingotadza kubata simba repamusoro rakagadzirwa neinjini idzi. Muchokwadi, silinda imwe pane iyo 50 cubic inch nitro-inopisa Hemis inoburitsa inosvika mazana masere mapaundi ekusundira kuburikidza nepombi imwe chete yekuburitsa.

Ese mainjini, angave emukati memoto kana emagetsi, anoshanda nekumhanya kwakasiyana. Kazhinji, kana injini inokurumidza kupedza simba rayo kana kutenderera, iyo inowedzera simba rainobudisa. Kana zvasvika kune injini yekupisa yemukati, pane zvinhu zvitatu zvinokanganisa kuita kwayo kwese: kumhanya, torque, uye simba.

Speed ​​​​inotemerwa nekukurumidza iyo injini inoita basa rayo. Patinoisa kumhanya kwemota kunhamba kana yuniti, tinenge tichiyera kumhanya kwemota mukuchinja paminiti kana RPM. "Basa" rinoitwa neinjini isimba rinoshandiswa pamusoro pechinhambwe chinoyerwa. Torque inotsanangurwa semhando yakakosha yebasa rinoburitsa kutenderera. Izvi zvinoitika kana simba rinoiswa paradius (kana, kune injini inopisa mukati, flywheel) uye inowanzopimwa mumapaundi etsoka.

Horsepower ndiko kumhanya kunoita basa. Mumazuva ekare, kana zvinhu zvaida kutamiswa, vanhu vaiwanzoshandisa bhiza kuita izvi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti bhiza rimwe chete rinogona kufamba nemafiti anenge 33,000 1 paminiti. Apa ndipo panobva izwi rekuti "horsepower". Kusiyana nekumhanya uye torque, simba rebhiza rinogona kuyerwa mumayuniti akati wandei, kusanganisira: 746 hp = 1 W, 2,545 hp = 1 BTU uye 1,055 hp = XNUMX joules.

Zvinhu zvitatu izvi zvinoshanda pamwechete kugadzira simba reinjini. Sezvo torque inoramba iripo, kumhanya uye simba zvinoramba zvakaenzana. Zvisinei, sezvo injini inomhanya ichiwedzera, simba rinowedzerawo kuchengetedza torque nguva dzose. Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidzika nezvekuti torque uye simba zvinokanganisa sei kumhanya kweinjini. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, sezvo torque uye simba zvichiwedzera, ndizvo zvinoitawo kumhanya kweinjini. Reverse ichokwadi zvakare: sezvo torque uye simba zvinodzikira, ndizvo zvinoitawo kumhanya kweinjini.

Chikamu 2 che4: Magadzirirwo Akaitwa Injini dzeMaximum Torque

Injini yemazuva ano inopisa mukati inogona kuchinjwa kuti iwedzere simba kana torque nekushandura saizi kana kureba kwetambo yekubatanidza uye kuwedzera bhomba kana cylinder bore. Izvi zvinowanzonzi reshiyo yebore kune sitiroko.

Torque inoyerwa muNewton metres. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, izvi zvinoreva kuti torque inoyerwa ne 360 ​​degree circular motion. Muenzaniso wedu unoshandisa injini mbiri dzakafanana dzine dhayamita imwechete (kana cylinder dhayamita yemoto). Zvisinei, imwe yeinjini mbiri ine "stroke" yakareba (kana kudzika kwecylinder yakagadzirwa netambo yakareba yekubatanidza). Injini yakareba yesitiroko ine mutsara wakawanda wekufamba sezvo ichitenderera nemukati mekamuri yekupisa uye ine zvakawanda zvinogoneka kuita basa rimwe chete.

Torque inopimwa netsoka pound, kana kuti "torque" yakawanda sei inoiswa kupedzisa basa. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira uri kuedza kusunungura bhaudhi rine ngura. Ngatitii une zvipanera zvepombi zviviri zvakasiyana, imwe yakareba mamita maviri uye imwe futi 2 kureba. Tichifunga kuti uri kushandisa simba rakafanana (1 lb pressure munyaya iyi), uri kutoshandisa 50 ft-lbs of torque for two-foot wrench (100 x 50) uye 2 lbs chete. torque (50 x 1) ine chipanera chegumbo chimwe. Ndechipi chipanera chinokubatsira kusunungura bhaudhi zviri nyore? Mhinduro iri nyore - iyo ine torque yakawanda.

Mainjiniya ari kugadzira injini inopa yakakwira torque-to-horsepower ratio kumotokari dzinoda mamwe "simba" kuti ikurumidze kana kukwira. Iwe unowanzo kuona yakakwira torque manhamba emotokari dzinorema dzinoshandiswa kudhonza kana yakakwira kuita injini uko kukwidziridza kwakakosha (senge muNHRA Yepamusoro Fuel Injini muenzaniso uri pamusoro).

Ndokusaka vagadziri vemotokari vachiwanzoratidza kugona kweinjini-yakakwirira-torque mumarori ads. Injini torque inogonawo kuwedzerwa nekushandura nguva yekudzima, kugadzirisa mafuta / musanganiswa wemhepo, uye kunyange kuwedzera torque yekubuda mune mamwe mamiriro.

Chikamu 3 che4: Kunzwisisa Zvimwe Zvinosiyana Zvinobata Pakazara Motokari Yakayerwa Torque

Kana zvasvika pakuyera torque, pane matatu akasiyana akasiyana ekufunga nezvawo mukati meinjini yekupisa:

Simba Yakagadzirwa paChaiyo RPM: Iri ndiro repamusoro injini simba rinogadzirwa pane yakapihwa RPM. Sezvo injini ichikwira, kune RPM kana bhiza curve. Sezvo injini inomhanya ichiwedzera, simba rinowedzerawo kusvikira rasvika pakakwirira.

Kureba: Uku ndiko kureba kwekurova kwetambo yekubatanidza: iyo yakareba iyo sitiroko, iyo torque yakawanda inogadzirwa, sezvatakatsanangura pamusoro.

Torque Constant: Iyi inhamba yemasvomhu inopihwa kune ese mota, 5252 kana inogara RPM uko simba uye torque zvakaenzana. Nhamba 5252 yakabva pakuona kuti simba rimwe chete rebhiza rakaenzana ne150 pounds kufamba 220 feet in one minute. Kuti ataure izvi mumakumbo-mapaundi e torque, James Watt akaunza fomula yemasvomhu yakagadzira yekutanga injini yemhepo.

Iyo formula inoita seizvi:

Tichifunga kuti simba remakirogiramu zana rinoiswa kune imwe tsoka yeradius (kana denderedzwa riri mukati mehumburumbira yeinjini inopfuta mukati, semuenzaniso), waizofanira kushandura izvi kuita tsoka-mapaundi e torque.

220 fpm inoda kuwedzerwa kune RPM. Kuti uite izvi, wedzera pi nhamba mbiri (kana 3.141593), iyo yakaenzana ne6.283186 tsoka. Tora 220 tsoka uye patsanura ne 6.28 uye isu tinowana 35.014 rpm kune yega yega revolution.

Tora 150 tsoka wowanza ne35.014 wowana 5252.1, yedu yekugara inoverengerwa mutsoka-pondo dze torque.

Chikamu 4 che4: Maitiro ekuverenga torque yemotokari

Iyo formula ye torque ndeye: torque = injini simba x 5252, iyo inozopatsanurwa neRPM.

Nekudaro, dambudziko ne torque nderekuti inoyerwa munzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana: zvakananga kubva kunjini uye kumavhiri ekutyaira. Zvimwe zvinhu zvemuchina zvinogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza torque rating pamavhiri zvinosanganisira: flywheel size, transmission ratios, drive axle ratios, uye tire/gumbo circumference.

Kuti uverenge torque yemavhiri, zvese izvi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa muequation yakanyatsosiiwa kuchirongwa chekombuta chinosanganisirwa mubhenji rekuyedza. Pamhando iyi yemidziyo, mota inoiswa pachireki uye mavhiri ekutyaira anoiswa padivi pemutsara wema rollers. Injini yakabatana nekombuta inoverenga kumhanya kweinjini, curve yekushandisa mafuta uye zviyero zvegiya. Nhamba idzi dzinotariswa nekumhanya kwevhiri, kukurumidza, uye RPM sezvo mota inotyairwa pa dyno kwenguva inodiwa yenguva.

Kuverengera injini torque kuri nyore kuziva. Nekutevera fomura iri pamusoro, zvinova pachena kuti injini torque yakaenzana sei nesimba reinjini uye rpm, sezvakatsanangurwa muchikamu chekutanga. Uchishandisa iyi fomula, unogona kuona iyo torque uye bhiza ratings pane yega yega pane RPM curve. Kuti uverenge torque, unofanirwa kuve neiyo injini data data inopihwa nemugadziri weinjini.

torque Calculator

Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa online calculator inopihwa neMeasureSpeed.com, iyo inoda kuti iwe uise iyo yakanyanya injini simba reti (inopihwa nemugadziri kana kuzadzwa mukati panguva yehunyanzvi dyno) uye yaunoda RPM.

Kana iwe ukaona kuti kuita kweinjini yako kwakaoma kuti ikurumidze uye haina simba raunofunga kuti rinofanira kuva naro, ita kuti imwe yeAvtoTachki's certified mechanics iite ongororo yekuona kwakabva dambudziko.