Zvakadini nekubvisa munyu kwemvura yegungwa? Mvura yakawanda nemutengo wakaderera

Kuwanikwa kwemvura yakachena, yakachena kudiwa kunosuwisa kunowanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi. Kubvisa munyu mumvura yomugungwa kwaizobatsira zvikuru munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi, kudai, chokwadika, nzira dzaiwanika dzaishanda zvakakwana uye dziri mukati meupfumi hune mufungo.

Tariro itsva yekuvandudzwa kwemari-inoshanda nzira dzekuwana mvura yakachena nekubvisa munyu wegungwa yakaonekwa gore rakapera apo vatsvakurudzi vakashuma migumisiro yezvidzidzo vachishandisa zvinyorwa zvemhando organometallic skeleton (MOF) yekusefa kwemvura yegungwa. Iyo nzira itsva, yakagadzirwa neboka paMonash University yeAustralia, inoda simba shoma kudarika dzimwe nzira, vatsvakurudzi vakati.

MOF organometallic skeletons zvinhu zvine porous zvakanyanya zvine nzvimbo yakakura. Nzvimbo dzakakura dzebasa dzakatenderedzwa kuita mavhoriyamu madiki dzakanakira kusefa, i.e. kutora zvidimbu uye zvidimbu mumvura (1). Rudzi rutsva rweMOF runodanwa PSP-MIL-53 inoshandiswa kuteya munyu nezvinosvibisa mumvura yegungwa. Yakaiswa mumvura, inosarudza kuchengetedza ions uye tsvina pamusoro payo. Mukati maminetsi makumi matatu, MOF yakakwanisa kuderedza iyo yakazara yakanyungudika yakaoma (TDS) yemvura kubva pa30 ppm (ppm) kusvika pasi pe2,233 ppm. Izvi zviri pazasi pe500 ppm hreshold inokurudzirwa neWorld Health Organisation yemvura yekunwa yakachengeteka.

1. Kuonekwa kwekushanda kwe organometallic membrane panguva yekubvisa mvura yegungwa.

Vachishandisa nzira iyi, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kugadzira kusvika ku139,5 malita emvura yakachena pakirogiramu yeMOF zvinhu pazuva. Kana iyo MOF network "yakazadzwa" nezvimedu, inogona kukurumidza uye nyore kucheneswa kuti ishandiswe zvakare. Kuti uite izvi, inoiswa muchiedza chezuva, chinosunungura munyu wakavharirwa mumaminitsi mana chete.

"Thermal evaporative desalination maitiro ane simba rakawanda, nepo mamwe matekinoroji akadai kudzoreredza osmosis (2), vane zvakawanda zvinokanganisa, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba nemakemikari ekuchenesa membrane uye dechlorination, "anotsanangura kudaro Huanting Wang, mutungamiri weboka rekutsvagisa kuMonash. “Chiedza chezuva ndicho chitubu chesimba rakawanda zvikuru uye chinogona kuitwazvezve pasi pano. Yedu itsva adsorbent-based desalination process uye kushandiswa kwechiedza chezuva pakuvandudzwa kunopa inochengetedza simba uye ine hushamwari desalination solution.

2. Osmosis yegungwa desalination system muSaudi Arabia.

Kubva kugraphene kuenda kune smart chemistry

Mumakore achangopfuura, pfungwa itsva dzakawanda dzakabuda Kubvisa munyu mumvura yegungwa. "Mudiki Technician" anonyatso tarisisa kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro aya.

Isu takanyora, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nezve pfungwa yevaAmerican kuAustin University uye maGerman kuMarburg University, iyo kushandisa chip chidiki kubva pane zvinhu izvo magetsi emagetsi asina hanya (0,3 volts) anoyerera. Mumvura yemunyu inoyerera mukati memugero wechigadzirwa, chlorine ions haina kurerekera uye inoumbwa munda wemagetsisezvakaita mumakemikari masero. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti munyu unoyerera uchienda kune imwe nzira uye mvura yakachena mune imwe. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kunoitika mvura yakachena.

Masayendisiti eBritish kubva kuYunivhesiti yeManchester, inotungamirwa naRahul Nairi, yakagadzira graphene-based sieve muna 2017 kuti ibvise munyu kubva mumvura yegungwa.

Muchidzidzo chakaburitswa mujenari Nature Nanotechnology, masayendisiti akapokana kuti inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mamembrane ekubvisa salination. graphene oxide, panzvimbo yakaoma-ku-kuwana uye inodhura yakachena graphene. Single-layer graphene inoda kuroverwa mumakomba madiki kuti ipinde mukati. Kana hukuru hwegomba hukuru kupfuura 1 nm, munyu uchapfuura zvakasununguka nepakati pegomba, saka maburi anofanira kunge ari maduku. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti graphene oxide membranes inowedzera ukobvu uye porosity kana yakanyudzwa mumvura. Chiremba chikwata. Nairi akaratidza kuti kuvhara membrane ne graphene oxide nekuwedzera kwe epoxy resin kwakawedzera kushanda kwechivharo. Mamorekuru emvura anogona kupfuura nemu membrane, asi sodium chloride haigone.

Boka revatsvagiri veSaudi Arabia vakagadzira mudziyo wavanotenda kuti uchanyatso shandura gwenya remagetsi kubva ku "mutengi" wemvura kuita "mugadziri wemvura yakachena". Masayendisiti akaburitsa bepa rinotsanangura izvi muNature makore mashoma apfuura. tekinoroji itsva yezuvaiyo inogona kuderedza mvura uye kuburitsa panguva imwe chete magetsi.

Mune yakavakirwa prototype, masayendisiti akaisa watermaker kumashure. bhatiri rezuva. Muchiedza chezuva, sero rinogadzira magetsi uye rinobudisa kupisa. Panzvimbo pokurasikirwa nokupisa uku kumhepo yakapoteredza pasi, mudziyo wacho unonangidzira simba iri kuchirimwa chinoshandisa kupisa sechibviro chesimba rokubvisa munyu.

Vatsvakurudzi vakaunza mvura yemunyu uye mvura ine tsvina inorema yesimbi yakadai semutungamiri, mhangura uye magnesium mune distiller. Mudziyo wacho wakashandura mvura kuita chiutsi, icho chaibva chapfuura nepaganda repurasitiki raisefa munyu nemarara. Mhedzisiro yeiyi nzira imvura yekunwa yakachena inoenderana nekuchengetedza zviyero zveWorld Health Organisation. Masayendisiti akati prototype, yakafara mita imwe, inogona kuburitsa marita 1,7 emvura yakachena paawa. Nzvimbo yakakodzera yechigadzirwa chakadaro iri munzvimbo yakaoma kana yakaoma-yakaoma, pedyo nemvura.

Guihua Yu, sainzi wezvekushandisa paAustin State University, Texas, uye vaanoshanda navo vakakurudzira muna 2019. kunyatsosefa mahydrogel emvura yegungwa, polymer blendsizvo zvinogadzira porous, inonwisa mvura. Yu nevamwe vake vakagadzira siponji yegel kubva mumapolima maviri: imwe ipolymer inosunga mvura inonzi polyvinyl doro (PVA) uye imwe yacho inonwa mwenje inonzi polypyrrole (PPy). Vakasanganisa polymer yechitatu inonzi chitosan, iyo ine zvakare kukwezva kwakasimba kumvura. Masayendisiti akashuma muScience Advans kuti vakawana kugadzirwa kwemvura yakachena kwe3,6 litres paawa paskweya mita yesero, inova yakanyanya kunyorwa uye yakapetwa kagumi nembiri pane inogadzirwa nhasi mune zvekutengesa shanduro.

Pasinei nekufarira kwesainzi, hazvinzwike kuti nzira nyowani dzekupedzisira-dzinoshanda uye dzehupfumi dzekubvisa salination uchishandisa zvinhu zvitsva dzichawana yakakura kutengeserana kushandiswa. Kusvikira izvozvo zvaitika, chenjerera.