Nzira yekusaita chikanganiso pakusarudza synthetic mota mafuta
Muchirimo, apo kazhinji varidzi vemotokari vanoita mumwaka kuchengetedza injini uye lubrication system, sarudzo yakanaka yemafuta einjini inova yakakosha kuitira kuti gare gare irege kukuvadza uye kunzwira tsitsi injini yakaparara.
Kuti unzwisise kukosha kwakakosha nzira yekusarudza mota yemotokari "mvura" lubricant, zvine musoro kutendeukira kune mamwe mapoinzi ehunyanzvi maererano nekushanda kwavo, pamwe nemaitiro ekugadzira. Ziva kuti nhasi, mukugadzirwa kwemafuta emazuva ano emota, akawanda akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa, asi chikamu chikuru chazvo (muhuwandu hwemashoko) chinomiririrwa zvakaenzana nezvikamu zviviri zvikuru - akakosha ekuwedzera uye maoiri epasi.
Kana ari maoiri epasi, nzvimbo huru yekutsvagisa pasi rose seAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) parizvino inovapatsanura kuita mapoka mashanu makuru. Iwo maviri ekutanga anopiwa kumafuta emaminerari, chikamu chechitatu chinosanganisira iyo inonzi hydrocracking oiri, boka rechina rinosanganisira zvizere ekugadzira mafuta uchishandisa PAO (polyalphaolefin) base, uye yechishanu ndeye zvese zvisingagone kurongeka zvinoenderana nehunhu hwehunhu. mapoka mana okutanga.
Kunyanya, boka rechishanu nhasi rinosanganisira makemikari akadaro se esters kana polyglycols. Izvo hazvina basa kwatiri, saka ngatimboongororai muchidimbu maficha ega ega "base" akaonekwa mumapoka 1-4.
Mineral mota emafuta
Mafuta ezvicherwa ari kuramba achiwedzera kufarirwa sezvo zvivakwa zvawo zvisingachakwani kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zveinjini dzemotokari dzevafambi. Parizvino, ivo vanoshandiswa mumichina yezvizvarwa zvakapfuura. Zvikepe zvemotokari dzakadaro pamusika weRussia zvichiri zvakakosha, saka "mvura yemaminerari" ichiri kushandiswa nesu, kunyange zvazvo isingachazivikanwi sekuti, makore gumi kana gumi nemashanu apfuura.
Hydrocracking maoiri
Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzemusika, kuita kwemhando yemafuta e-hydrocracked kunoenderana nekugadziriswa kwehunyanzvi. Zvakwana kutaura kuti chizvarwa chazvino che "hydrocracking", chakavakirwa paHC-synthesis (Hydro Craking Synthese Technology), haina kuita yakaderera kune iyo yemafuta akazara ekugadzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, boka re hydrocracking rinobudirira kusanganisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvevatengi sekuwanikwa, mutengo uye kubudirira.
Izvo zvakakodzera kuwedzera kune zviri pamusoro apa kuti akawanda emazuva ano einjini oiri anogadzirwa muOEM chimiro (kureva kuti, akagadzirirwa kuzadza pekutanga pamutsetse wemotokari weimwe automaker) anogadzirwa uchishandisa HC-yakagadzirwa base. Izvo, semugumisiro, munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekudiwa uye kuwedzera kwemitengo yekirasi iyi yemafuta ekutanga.
Mafuta ekugadzira zvizere
Izwi rekuti "full synthetic oil" rakatanga kushandiswa nevagadziri kureva shanduko yemazuva ano mukuumbwa kweoiri. Kubva payakavambwa, musika wemafuta emagetsi emota wakangopatsanurwa kuita mapoka maviri ane zvimiro: "mvura yezvicherwa" uye yakazara maoiri ekugadzira (yakazara synthetic). Nekune rumwe rutivi, mamiriro ezvinhu aya akamutsa kukakavara kwakawanda uye kwakadzikama pamusoro pekushanda kwakarurama kwemutsara wekuti "zvakakwana synthetic" pacharo.
Nenzira, ichave ichizivikanwa zviri pamutemo chete muGermany, uyezve chete pamamiriro ezvinhu ekuti chete polyalphaolefin (PAO) base yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemafuta emotokari, pasina zvimwe zvinowedzera mamwe mafuta ekutanga kubva kumapoka akaverengwa 1, 2 kana. 3.
Nekudaro, kuwanikwa kwekutengesa kwepasirese kweiyo PAO base, yakasanganiswa nemutengo wayo wakakwira, yakave yakakosha nzira yekugadzirwa kweserial yechigadzirwa chemhando. Izvi zvakatungamira kune chokwadi chekuti parizvino vagadziri havawanzo shandisa PAO base mune yayo yakachena fomu - inenge inogara ichishandiswa musanganiswa neyakachipa base base kubva kuboka re hydrocracking.
Saka, vanoedza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvevagadziri vemotokari. Asi, tinodzokorora zvakare, munyika dzinoverengeka (somuenzaniso, muGermany), shanduro yakadaro yemafuta "akavhenganiswa" haichagoni kunzi "zvakakwana zvakagadzirwa", sezvo kutaura uku kunogona kutsausa mutengi.
Zvakangodaro, makambani ega ega eGerman anobvumira mamwe "rusununguko rwetekinoroji" mukugadzirwa kwemafuta avo, achipfuura isingadhure "hydrocracking" seyakagadzirwa zvizere. Nenzira, zvisarudzo zvakaoma zveFederal Court yeGermany zvakatotorwa kune akati wandei emafemu akadaro. Iri dare repamusoro-soro reFederal Republic of Germany rakajekesa kuti maoiri ane ekuwedzera eHC-yakagadzirwa base haigone kunzi "yakagadzirwa zvizere".
Mune mamwe mazwi, chete 100% PAO-based injini oiri inogona kunzi "yakagadzirwa zvizere" pakati pevaGerman, iyo, kunyanya, inosanganisira Synthoil chigadzirwa mutsara kubva kune inozivikanwa kambani Liqui Moly. Mafuta ayo ane Volsynthetisches Leichtlauf Motoroil zita rinoenderana nekirasi yavo. Nenzira, izvi zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwawo pamusika wedu.
Mazano mapfupi
Ndedzipi mhedziso dzinogona kutorwa kubva kuongororo yeAvtoVzglyad portal? Izvo zviri nyore - muridzi wemotokari yemazuva ano (uye kunyanya - motokari yemazuva ano yekune imwe nyika), pakusarudza mafuta ejini, zvakajeka haifaniri kutungamirirwa chete ne "veimba" mazwi anotemerwa neimwe kana imwe pfungwa "yemvumo".
Chisarudzo chinofanira kuitwa, chekutanga, pahwaro hwezvikumbiro zvakaiswa mumirayiridzo yekushanda kwemotokari. Uye kana uchitenga, iva nechokwadi chekuverenga nezve kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa chauri kuda kutenga. Chete nenzira iyi, iwe, semutengi, uchave wakachengeteka zvachose.
