Makirasi emotokari anotsanangurwa sei?

Wese muridzi wemota akambonzwa nezwi rekuti "mota kirasi", asi vashoma vanhu vanoziva chaizvo izvo zviyero zvinoshandiswa kupatsanura mota. Zvinofanira kujekeswa pano kuti hatisi kutaura nezvehunyanzvi hunhu kana hwoumbozha, asi nezviyero. Chokwadi chenyaya ndechekuti zvigadzirwa zvemotokari zvepamberi senge Mercedes-Benz neBMW, semuenzaniso, zvinowanzo kuverengerwa semota dzekumusoro, zvisinei nehukuru hwadzo kana simba.

Kurongwa kweEuropean

Iyo nzira inoshandiswa neEconomic Commission yeEurope inonzwisisika uye nekudaro yakajairika. Neimwe nzira, iyi paramende ine zvakare mamiriro, nekuti yakavakirwa kwete chete pahukuru uye simba, asi zvakare inofunga nezve musika wakanangwa uyo mota yakatarisa. Izvi, zvakare, zvinotungamira kune mutsauko pakati pemamodeli iwo pachawo, izvo zvinogona kushamisa vamwe.

Iyo sisitimu inoparadzanisa mota dzese muzvikamu zvinotevera:

• A (mini-mota);
• B (mota diki, diki kirasi);
• C (mota yepakati, rimwe izwi "Gorofu Kirasi", inozivikanwa nezita remhando inozivikanwa kwazvo muchikamu chino);
• D (hombe mota, yepakati kirasi);
• E (premium, yepakati mamodheru);
• F (yakasarudzika kirasi. Mota dzinozivikanwa nemutengo wakakwira uye kuwedzera nyaradzo).

Iyo sisitimu inoisawo maSUV, minivans uye mota dzemitambo (roadster uye inoshandurwa). Nekudaro, mune ino kesi zvakare, hapana miganho yakaoma, nekuti haina kutsanangudza madimikira chaiwo. Muenzaniso weichi chizvarwa chazvino BMW 3-Series. Iyo yakareba 85 mm kupfuura vamiririri vekirasi ino, uye chinhambwe pakati pemasekisi chakawedzerwa ne41 mm.

Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye Skoda Octavia. Zvekare, iyi modhi ndeye yekirasi "C", asi iri hombe kupfuura vamiririri vayo. Ichi chikonzero nei mamwe mamaki (kuwedzera chiratidzo), senge B + uye C +, akaunzwa kune idzi mota, idzo dzakakura kudarika vazhinji mukirasi.

Kuregererwa Mercedes-Benz

Pano zvakakosha kufunga kuti iyo parameter yakagamuchirwa muEurope haishande kune Mercedes mhando. Semuenzaniso, makirasi A uye B anowira muchikamu "C", uye mhando yemhando C-Kirasi - mu "D". Iyo chete modhi inoenderana mukirasi ndiyo E-Kirasi.

Kurongwa kweAmerica

Mamiriro ezvinhu kunze kwenyika akasiyana zvakanyanya neaya ari muEurope, kunyange paine zvakapunzika. Kusvikira makumi masere ezana ramakore apfuura, nzvimbo yepakati yaive nzira yakakosha yekirasi yemotokari.

Muna 1985, zvisinei, iyi paramende yakachinja. Kubvira ipapo, kabhini vhoriyamu ndiyo yakatarwa. Pfungwa ndeyekuti kutanga kwezvose izvi paramende inofanirwa kutaurira mutengi kuti ichave yakanaka sei mukati memotokari.

Nekudaro, iyo American classification iri seinotevera:

• Mini-makomputa (madiki mamiririri) ane kabhini vhoriyamu inosvika 85 cubic inches, ayo akasununguka anoreva European "A" uye "B";
• Motokari diki (85-99,9 cu.d.) dziri pedyo neEuropean type "C";
• Mid-saizi mota (110-119,9 cubic metres) ari padyo nekirasi D zvinoenderana neEuropean system;
• Mota hombe kana dzakazara-saizi mota (anopfuura 120cc). Ichi chikamu chinosanganisira mota dzakafanana neEuropean kirasi E kana F.

Sedan uye zviteshi zvengoro muNorth America zvinowira mune mamwe mapoka:

• chiteshi chengoro diki (inosvika mazana matatu emamirimita)
• wepakati chiteshi ngoro (130-160 cubic tsoka);
• hombe chiteshi ngoro (anopfuura 160 cubic tsoka).

Uye zvakare, iyo chete system inoshanda kune ese-terrain mota, ayo akapatsanurwa kuita macompact, epakati uye akazara-saizi SUV zvikamu.

Kurongwa kweJapan

Chiratidziro chekuonekwa kwekuti chimiro chegadziriro chinotsamira pane zvakatemwa nemotokari zvinogona kuwanikwa muJapan. Muenzaniso weiyi "kei-mota", iyo inonyanya kufarirwa munyika.

Ivo vanomiririra yakasarudzika niche mune yeJapan mota mota. Izvo zviyero uye zvakatemwa zvemotokari izvi zvinodzorwa zvakaringana zvinoenderana nemunharaunda mutero uye inishuwarenzi.

Iyo paramita yemotokari yeKei yakaunzwa muna 1949, uye shanduko yekupedzisira yakaitika muna Gumiguru 1, 1998. Pasi pemashoko, muchina wakadaro unogona kunzi mota ine kureba kusvika 3400 mm, yakafara kusvika 1480 mm uye kureba kusvika 2000 mm. Iyo injini inogona kuve neyakakura yekusimuka inosvika 660 cc. masendimita uye simba kusvika 64 hp, uye mutoro wekutakura unogumira ku350 kg.

MuJapan, kune mamwe mapoka maviri emotokari, asi zvinhu zvose hazvina kunyatsojeka ipapo, uye mitemo dzimwe nguva inofuratirwa. Kune motokari duku, kureba hakuna kupfuura 4700 mm, hupamhi hunosvika 1700 mm, uye kukwirira kunosvika 2000 mm. Injini inokwana haifaniri kudarika 2,0 litita. Mota hombe chikamu cheyakajairika saizi mota kirasi.

Chinese chinzvimbo

MaChinese zvakare ane yavo system inogadzirwa neChina Automotive Technology uye Research Center (CATARC). Inosanganisira:

• mota diki (kureba kusvika 4000 mm, i.e. yakafanana neEuropean A uye B);
• chikamu A (maviri-mapundu muviri, kureba kubva 4000 kusvika 4500 mm uye injini kusvika 1,6 litres);
• chikamu B (kureba kupfuura 4500 mm uye injini pamusoro pe1,6 litita);
• mota dzakasiyana-siyana (inopfuura mitsara miviri yezvigaro mukamba);
• mitambo yemitambo yemitambo (crossovers uye maSUV).

Zvichipa ruzivo urwu, usati watenga mota iyo isiri kuitirwa musika wemuno, iwe unofanirwa kujekesa izvo zvinorambidzwa zvinoshanda kukirasi inoenderana. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kusanzwisisana kana uchinyoresa mota kana kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuti ubudiswe zvitupa zvakakodzera.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Чkirasi yemotokari chii? Uku ndiko kupatsanurwa kwemota zvichienderana nehukuru hwadzo, kuvepo kwemamwe magadzirirwo muhurongwa hwekunyaradza. Itsika kusarudza kirasi ine mavara echiLatin A-E.

Ndeapi makirasi emotokari aripo uye akasiyana sei? A - micro motokari, B - motokari duku, C - yepakati, motokari yeEurope, D - motokari yemhuri huru, E - kirasi yebhizimisi. Kusiyana kwehukuru uye nyaradzo system.

Ndeipi mota yakakwirira mukirasi? Pamusoro pemakirasi mashanu, kune zvakare yechitanhatu - F. Yese mota dzepamusoro ndedzayo. Iyi kirasi inoonekwa seyepamusoro-soro, uye mhando dzinogona kunge dziri serial kana dzakagadzirwa.