Mashandisiro eMultimeter (Basic Guide kune Vanotanga)

Cheni yadamburwa here? Switch yako iri kushanda here? Zvichida iwe unoda kuziva kuti ingani simba rasara mumabhatiri ako.

Chero nzira, multimeter ichakubatsira iwe kupindura iyi mibvunzo! Digital multimeters dzave maturusi akakosha ekuongorora kuchengetedzeka, mhando, uye kukanganisa kwemidziyo yemagetsi.

Multimeters inobatsira zvakanyanya pakuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi zvikamu. Mugwaro iri rinobatsira, ini ndichafamba iwe kuburikidza nezvaunoda kuziva nezve kushandisa multimeter ine ayo akakosha maficha.

Chii chinonzi multimeter?

Multimeter chishandiso chinogona kuyera huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hwemagetsi. Unogona kuishandisa kuti uzive zviri kuitika nemaseketi ako. Izvi zvichakubatsira mukugadzirisa chero chikamu chiri mudunhu rako chisiri kushanda nemazvo.

Uye zvakare, iyo multimeter yakasarudzika yakasarudzika inobva mukugona kwayo kuyera voltage, kuramba, ikozvino, uye kuenderera. Kazhinji ivo vanoshandiswa kutarisa:        

• Zvigadziko mumadziro
• adapters
• Technique
• Electronics zvekushandisa pamba
• Magetsi mumotokari

Multimeter Spare Zvikamu 

A digital multimeter ine zvikamu zvina zvikuru:

Monitor

Iri ipanera rinoratidza kuyerwa kwemagetsi. Iine maratidziro mana-manhamba ane kugona kuratidza chiratidzo chisina kunaka.

Selection knob 

Iyi idhiri yakatenderedzwa kwaunogona kusarudza rudzi rwemagetsi unit yaunoda kuyera. Unogona kusarudza AC volts, DC volts (DC-), amps (A), milliamps (mA), uye kuramba (ohms). Paknob yekusarudza, chiratidzo che diode (triang'a ine mutsara kurudyi) uye chiratidzo chesaisai chinonzwika chinoratidza kuenderera mberi.

MaProbes

Idzi ndidzo waya dzvuku uye nhema dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora kwemuviri wezvinhu zvemagetsi. Pane muromo wesimbi wakanongedza kune rumwe rutivi uye plug yebhanana kune imwe. Iyo simbi tipi inoongorora chikamu chiri pasi pekuyedzwa, uye bhanana plug yakabatana kune imwe yemultimeter's ports. Iwe unogona kushandisa waya nhema kuyedza pasi uye kwayakarerekera, uye iyo tsvuku waya inowanzo shandiswa kune inopisa zviteshi. (1)

Zviteshi 

Multimeters kazhinji inosanganisira matatu madoko:

• COM (-) - inoratidza zvakajairika uye panowanikwa dema probe. Ivhu redunhu rinowanzogara rakabatana naro.
• mAΩ - iyo nzvimbo iyo iyo tsvuku probe inowanzobatanidzwa kudzora voltage, kuramba uye ikozvino (kusvika ku200 mA).
• 10A - inoshandiswa kuyera mafungu pamusoro pe200 mA.

Voltage kuyerwa

Iwe unogona kugadzira DC kana AC voltage kuyerwa nedhijitari multimeter. DC voltage ndeye V ine mutsara wakatwasuka pane yako multimeter. Kune rimwe divi, AC voltage ndeye V ine wavy mutsara. (2)

Bhatiri voltage

Kuyera voltage yebhatiri, senge AA bhatiri:

1. Batanidza iyo nhema inotungamira kuCOM uye iyo tsvuku inotungamira kune mAVΩ.
2. MuDC (yakananga ikozvino) renji, isa iyo multimeter ku "2V". Yakananga ikozvino inoshandiswa mune zvinenge zvese zvinotakurika zvishandiso.
3. Batanidza dema bvunzo inotungamira ku "-" pa "pasi" yebhatiri, uye tsvuku bvunzo inotungamira ku "+" kana simba.
4. Dzvanya zvinyoro ma probes kurwisa zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zviteshi zvebhatiri reAA.
5. Iwe unofanirwa kuona nezve 1.5V pane yekutarisa kana uine bhatiri nyowani.

Circuit voltage 

Zvino ngatitarisei iyo yakakosha dunhu rekudzora voltage mune chaiyo mamiriro. Dunhu racho rine 1k resistor uye yakanyanya kupenya yebhuruu LED. Kuyera voltage mudunhu:

1. Ita shuwa kuti dunhu rauri kushanda pariri rakagoneswa.
2. Muchikamu cheDC, shandura bundu ku "20V". Mazhinji multimeter haana autorange. Saka, iwe unofanirwa kutanga waisa iyo multimeter kune kuyerwa kweyero iyo inogona kubata. Kana uri kuyedza bhatiri re12V kana 5V system, sarudza iyo 20V sarudzo. 
3. Nekumwe kuedza, dzvanya multimeter probes panzvimbo mbiri dzakavhurika dzesimbi. Imwe probe inofanirwa kubata neGND yekubatanidza. Ipapo imwe sensor inofanirwa kubatana neVCC kana 5V magetsi.
4. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa iyo voltage yese yedunhu kana iwe uchiyera kubva panopinda voltage paresistor kune iyo ivhu riri pa LED. Mushure meizvozvo, iwe unogona kuona iyo voltage inoshandiswa ne LED. Izvi zvinonzi LED voltage drop. 

Zvakare, hazvizove dambudziko kana ukasarudza kugadzika kwevolti iyo yakadzikira kune voltage yauri kuedza kuyera. Iyo counter inongoratidza 1, ichiratidza kuwandisa kana kunze kwehuwandu. Zvakare, kupenengura maprobes hakuzokukuvadza kana kukonzera kuverenga kwakashata.

Kuyera kwazvino

Iwe unofanirwa kuvhiringidza ikozvino uye kubatanidza mita kumutsara kuyera ikozvino.

Pano kana iwe uri kushandisa dunhu rimwe chete ratakashandisa muchikamu chekuyera voltage.

Chinhu chekutanga chauchazoda is spare strand yewaya. Pashure paizvozvo unofanira:

1. Bvisa waya yeVCC kubva kune resistor uye wedzera waya.
2. A probe kubva pakubuda kwesimba kwesimba rekupa kune resistor. Iyo inonyatso "kutyora" simba redunhu.
3. Tora multimeter uye uinamate mumutsara kuyera ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nemultimeter mubhokisi rechingwa.
4. Shandisa alligator zvimedu kuti ubatanidze multimeter inotungamira kune system.
5. Isa iyo dial kune chaiyo chinzvimbo uye kuyera iko ikozvino kubatana ne multimeter.
6. Tanga ne 200mA multimeter uye zvishoma nezvishoma uwedzere. Mabhodhi akawanda echingwa anokwevera asingasviki mazana maviri emamirimita ezvino.

Zvakare, ita shuwa kuti unobatanidza iyo tsvuku inotungamira kune 200mA fused port. Kuti ungwarire, chinja probe kudivi re10A kana iwe uchitarisira kuti dunhu rako rishandise kutenderedza kana kupfuura 200mA. Pamusoro pechiratidzo chekuremedza, overcurrent inogona kukonzera fuse kuvhuvhuta.

Kuramba kuyerwa

Kutanga, ita shuwa kuti hapana ikozvino iri kuyerera kuburikidza nedunhu kana chikamu chauri kuyedza. Bvisa iyo, bvisa iyo kubva pamadziro uye bvisa mabhatiri, kana aripo. Zvino unofanira:

1. Batanidza iyo nhema inotungamira kune multimeter's COM port uye iyo tsvuku inotungamira kune mAVΩ chiteshi.
2. Batidza iyo multimeter uye uchinje kune yekupikisa maitiro.
3. Isa dial panzvimbo yakarurama. Nekuti akawanda mamultimeter haana autorange, iwe uchafanirwa kugadzirisa nemaoko huwandu hwekupokana kwauchange uchiyera.
4. Isa probe pamagumo ega ega echikamu kana dunhu rauri kuyedza.

Sezvandambotaura, kana iyo multimeter isiri kuratidza kukosha chaiko kwechikamu, inogona kuverenga 0 kana 1. Kana ichiverenga 0 kana kuswedera pedyo ne zero, yako multimeter yakafara zvakanyanya kune zviyero zvakarurama. Kune rimwe divi, iyo multimeter icharatidza imwe kana OL kana huwandu hwakanyanya kuderera, zvichiratidza kuwandisa kana kuwandisa.

Kuenderera mberi bvunzo

Muedzo wekuenderera mberi unoona kana zvinhu zviviri zvakabatana nemagetsi; kana zvakadaro, magetsi emagetsi anogona kuyerera zvakasununguka kubva kune rumwe rutivi kuenda kune rumwe.

Zvisinei, kana isingaenderere mberi, pane kuputsika mumaketani. Inogona kunge iri fuse inoputika, yakashata solder joint, kana dunhu risina kunyatsobatanidzwa. Kuti uedze, unofanirwa:

1. Batanidza iyo tsvuku inotungamira kune mAVΩ chiteshi uye dema inotungamira kune COM port.
2. Batidza iyo multimeter uye chinja kuti ienderere mberi modhi (inoratidzwa nechiratidzo chinoita senge wave wave). Haasi ese mamultimeters ane inoenderera modhi; kana ukasadaro, unogona kuichinjisa kune yakaderera dial kuseta yemaitiro ayo ekuramba.
3. Isa probe imwe padunhu rega rega kana chikamu chinopera chaunoda kuyedza.

Kana dunhu rako richienderera mberi, iyo multimeter inorira uye skrini inoratidza kukosha kwe zero (kana pedyo ne zero). Kudzikira kuderera ndiyo imwe nzira yekuona kuenderera mukudzivirira mode.

Kune rimwe divi, kana skrini ichiratidza imwe kana OL, hapana kuenderera, saka hapana chiteshi chemagetsi ekufamba kubva kune imwe sensor kuenda kune imwe.

Ona rondedzero iri pazasi yekuwedzera multimeter kudzidzisa madhairekitori;

• Maitiro ekushandisa multimeter kutarisa voltage yewaya mhenyu
• Nzira yekuedza bhatiri ne multimeter
• Maitiro ekuyedza matatu-waya crankshaft sensor ine multimeter

kurumbidza

(1) simbi - https://www.britannica.com/science/metal-chemistry

(2) mutsara wakatwasuka - https://www.mathsisfun.com/equation_of_line.html