Maitiro ekunzwisisa compression uye simba masisitimu mumainjini madiki

Kunyange zvazvo injini dzakashanduka nekufamba kwemakore, injini dzose dzepeturu dzinoshanda pamitemo yakafanana. Iwo mana sitiroko anoitika muinjini anobvumira kuti igadzire simba uye torque, uye iro simba ndiro rinotyaira mota yako.

Kunzwisisa misimboti yekuti injini yechina-stroke inoshanda sei kuchakubatsira kuongorora matambudziko einjini uye zvakare kukuita iwe mutengi ane ruzivo.

Chikamu 1 che5: Kunzwisisa Iyo Ina-Stroke Injini

Kubva pamainjini ekutanga peturu kusvika kumainjini emazuva ano akavakwa nhasi, misimboti yechina-stroke injini yakaramba yakafanana. Zvakawanda zvekushanda kweinjini yekunze zvakashanduka nekufamba kwemakore nekuwedzera kwejekiseni remafuta, kutonga kwekombuta, maturbocharger uye ma supercharger. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi zvakagadziridzwa uye zvakashandurwa nekufamba kwemakore kuita kuti injini dzishande uye dzine simba. Shanduko idzi dzakabvumira vagadziri kuti vaenderane nezvishuwo zvevatengi, uku vachiwana mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza.

Injini yepeturu ine mastroke mana:

• kutora sitiroko
• compression sitiroko
• power stroke
• Kusunungura sitiroko

Zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini, kugogodza uku kunogona kuitika kakawanda pasekondi imwe nguva injini iri kushanda.

Chikamu 2 che5: Intake Stroke

Sitiroko yekutanga inoitika muinjini inonzi intake stroke. Izvi zvinoitika apo piston inofamba pasi muhumburumbira. Kana izvi zvikaitika, vharuvhu yekutora inovhura, ichibvumira musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta kuti uswededzwe mucylinder. Mhepo inodhonzerwa muinjini kubva kumhepo sefa, kuburikidza nemuviri wemhepo, ichidzika kuburikidza nekuwanda kwekudya, kusvika yasvika pahumburumbira.

Zvichienderana nejini, mafuta anowedzerwa kune iyi musanganiswa wemhepo pane imwe nguva. Mune injini ye carbureted, mafuta anowedzerwa sezvo mweya unopfuura ne carburetor. Mune injini inoiswa mafuta, mafuta anowedzerwa panzvimbo yejekiseni, iyo inogona kuva chero kupi zvako pakati pe throttle body uye cylinder.

Sezvo piston inodonhedza pasi pa crankshaft, inogadzira kuyamwa kunobvumira musanganiswa wemhepo uye mafuta kudhonzwa mukati. Huwandu hwemhepo nemafuta zvakayamwa muinjini zvinoenderana nemagadzirirwo einjini.

• Cherechedza: Turbocharged uye supercharged injini dzinoshanda nenzira imwe chete, asi dzinowanzoita simba rakawanda sezvo musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta uchimanikidzwa kupinda mujini.

Chikamu 3 che5: Compression sitiroko

Yechipiri sitiroko yeinjini ndeye compression sitiroko. Kamwe mhepo / mafuta musanganiswa iri mukati mehumburumbira, inofanira kudzvanywa kuitira kuti injini ibudise simba rakawanda.

• Cherechedza: Munguva yekumanikidzwa kwekurohwa, mavharuvhu ari mujini anovharwa kudzivirira kusanganiswa kwemhepo / mafuta kutiza.

Mushure mekunge crankshaft yadzikisa piston kusvika kuzasi kwecylinder panguva yekutora sitiroko, ikozvino inotanga kusimuka ichidzokera kumusoro. Iyo piston inoramba ichifamba ichienda kumusoro kwecylinder uko inosvika pane inozivikanwa setop dead center (TDC), inova nzvimbo yepamusoro yainokwanisa kusvika muinjini. Kana nzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa yasvikwa, musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unomanikidzwa zvizere.

Uyu musanganiswa wakamisikidzwa zvakakwana unogara munzvimbo inozivikanwa sekamuri yekupisa. Apa ndipo panobatidzwa musanganiswa wemhepo/mafuta kuti ugadzire sitiroko inotevera mukutenderera.

Iyo yekumanikidza sitiroko ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukuvaka injini paunenge uchiedza kugadzira simba rakawanda uye torque. Paunenge uchiverenga kudzvanywa kweinjini, shandisa mutsauko pakati pehuwandu hwenzvimbo muhumburumbira apo piston iri pazasi uye huwandu hwenzvimbo mukamuri rinopisa kana piston ichisvika kumusoro kwakafa pakati. Iyo yakakura yekumanikidza reshiyo yemusanganiswa uyu, iyo yakakura simba rinogadzirwa neinjini.

Chikamu chechina che4: Kufambisa Simba

Yechitatu sitiroko yeinjini ndiyo inoshanda sitiroko. Iyi ndiyo sitiroko inogadzira simba muinjini.

Mushure mekunge piston yasvika kumusoro kwakafa pakati pekumanikidza sitiroko, musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unomanikidzwa kupinda mukamuri yekupisa. Musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unobva wabatidzwa ne spark plug. Spark inobva pa spark plug inotungidza mafuta, zvichiita kuti pave nechisimba, chinodzorwa kuputika mukamuri rinopisa. Kana kuputika uku kukaitika, simba rinogadzira matsimba papiston uye rofambisa crankshaft, zvichiita kuti masilinda einjini aenderere mberi achishanda nemasitiroko mana ese.

Ramba uchifunga kuti kana kuputika uku kana kurova kwesimba kuchiitika, kunofanira kuitika pane imwe nguva. Musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unofanirwa kupisa pane imwe nzvimbo zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kweinjini. Mune mamwe mainjini, musanganiswa unofanirwa kubatidza pedyo nepamusoro akafa pakati (TDC), nepo mune mamwe musanganiswa unofanirwa kubatidza madhigirii mashoma mushure meiyi pfungwa.

• Cherechedza: Kana iyo spark ikasaitika panguva yakakodzera, ruzha rweinjini kana kukuvara kwakanyanya kunogona kuitika, zvichikonzera kutadza kweinjini.

Chikamu 5 che5: Sunungura sitiroko

Kusununguka sitiroko ndiyo yechina uye yekupedzisira sitiroko. Mushure mekupera kwekurohwa kwekushanda, silinda yakazadzwa nemagasi emhepo akasara mushure mekupisa kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa. Aya magasi anofanira kucheneswa kubva muinjini asati atangazve kutenderera kwese.

Munguva iyi sitiroko, crankshaft inosundidzira piston kumashure mucylinder nevharuvhu yekuburitsa yakavhurika. Sezvo piston inofamba ichikwira, inosundidzira magasi kunze kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekuburitsa, iyo inotungamira mune exhaust system. Izvi zvichabvisa akawanda emagasi ekupedza kubva mujini uye kubvumira injini kuti itange zvakare pakutora sitiroko.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti imwe neimwe yeiyi shamhu inoshanda sei pane ina-stroke injini. Kuziva aya matanho ekutanga kunogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti injini inogadzira sei simba, uye kuti ingagadziriswe sei kuti iwedzere simba.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva matanho aya paunenge uchiedza kuona dambudziko reinjini yemukati. Ramba uchifunga kuti imwe neimwe yeaya sitiroko inoita basa chairo rinofanirwa kuwiriraniswa nemota. Kana chero chikamu cheinjini chikatadza, injini haishande nemazvo, kana zvachose.