Ungatyaira sei mota nemazvo?

Highway traffic

Kufamba kwemota ndiko kukonzeresa pamota. Kuti mota inofamba here kana kuti yakamira zvinoenderana nesimba regiravhiti kana giravhiti. Gravity inosunda mavhiri emotokari yakananga kumugwagwa. Mhedzisiro yesimba iri iri pakati pegiravhiti. Kugoverwa kwehuremu hwemotokari pamwe chete nemasanhu kunoenderana nenzvimbo yepakati yegiravhiti. Kuva pedyo kwepakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi kuri kune imwe yemaekisero, ndiko kukura kwemutoro paekisero iyoyo. Pamotokari, axle mutoro unogoverwa zvakaenzana. Yekukosha kukuru kwekugadzikana uye kudzoreka kwemotokari ndiyo nzvimbo yepakati yegiravhiti, kwete chete maererano neiyo longitudinal axis, asiwo pakukwirira. Iyo yakakwirira pakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, iyo muchina uchange usina kugadzikana. Kana motokari iri panzvimbo yakaenzana, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinonangidzirwa pasi.

Kutyaira pane zvaunofarira

Panzvimbo yakatenderedzwa, inopatsanuka kuita maviri mauto. Mumwe wavo achitsimbirira mavhiri akatarisana nemugwagwa wepasi, uye imwe, sekutonga, inopidigura mota. Iyo yakakwira nzvimbo yegiravhiti uye iyo yakanyanya kurereka kona yemotokari, iyo kudzikama nekukurumidza kunokanganiswa uye mota inogona kukwira pamusoro. Paunenge uchityaira, pamusoro pegiravhiti, mamwe mauto anoverengeka anokanganisa mota inoda simba reinjini. Iwo mauto anoita pamotokari achityaira. Izvi zvinosanganisira. Kuramba kurwisa kunoshandiswa kuomesa matai nemigwagwa, kukweshera pakati pematairi, kukweshera kwemavhiri ekutyaira, uye nezvimwe. Simudza kuramba kunoenderana nehuremu hwemotokari uye yakatetepa kona. Simba rekushomeka kwemweya, kukura kwaro kunoenderana nechimiro chemota, kumhanya kwakaringana kwekufamba kwayo uye kuwanda kwemhepo.

Centrifugal simba remuchina

Simba re centrifugal rinoitika kana mota iri mubhendi uye rinotungamirwa kure nekukombama. Simba re inertia yekufamba, iyo kukosha kwayo kune simba rinodiwa kuti rikurumidze kuwanda kwemotokari panguva yekufamba kwayo kumberi. Uye simba rinodikanwa kune iyo angular kumhanyisa kwenzvimbo dzinotenderera zvikamu zvemota. Kufamba kwemotokari kunogoneka chete nemamiriro ekuti mavhiri ayo anonamatira zvakakwana kumugwagwa wepasi. Kana pasina kukweva kwakaringana, kudhonza kushoma kubva kumavhiri ekutyaira, ipapo mavhiri anotsvedza. Kudhonza kunoenderana nehuremu hwevhiri, mamiriro emumigwagwa, kumanikidza kwetaya uye kutsika. Kuti uone mhedzisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu emumugwagwa pakuteedzera, iyo coefficient yekunamatira inoshandiswa, inoonekwa nekukamura kukweva nemavhiri ekutyaira emotokari.

Imotokari inonamira coefficient

Uye huremu hwemotokari pamavhiri aya. Coefficient yekunamatira zvichienderana nekupfeka. Iko kusunganidzwa kwekunamatira kunoenderana nemhando yemugwagwa wepasi uye mamiriro ayo, senge hunyoro, matope, chando, chando. Pamigwagwa yakavezwa, iko kukwana kwekunamatira kunodzikira zvakanyanya kana paine ivhu nyoro uye guruva pamusoro. Muchiitiko ichi, tsvina inoumba firimu, ichideredza zvakanyanya coefficient yekunamatira. Firimu ine girizi ine bhitumini inobuda inoonekwa mumigwagwa inopisa yeasphalt mumamiriro ekunze anopisa. Izvo zvinoderedza kuenderana kwekunamatira. Kuderera kweye coefficient of wheel traction kunoonekwawo nekuwedzera kumhanya. Saka, kana kumhanya pamugwagwa wakaoma neasphalt kongiri kuchikwira kubva pamakumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu km / h, coefficient yekukweshera inoderera ne30. Injini simba rinoshandiswa kufambisa mota yekutyaira mavhiri uye kukunda masimba ekupokana mukutapurirana.

Kinetic simba remotokari

Kana huwandu hwesimba hunoita kuti mavhiri ekutyaira atenderere, achigadzira traction, yakakura kudarika iyo yakazara simba rekukwevera, ipapo mota ichafamba nekukurumidza. Kukwidziridza ndiko kuwedzera kwekumhanya pachikamu chenguva. Kana simba rekukwevera rakaenzana nemasimba ekupikisa, ipapo motokari ichafamba pasina kukurumidza pamwero wakafanana. Iyo yakakwirira simba guru rejini uye yakaderera kupikisa kwese, motokari inokurumidza kusvika kune imwe spidhi. Mukuwedzera, kuwanda kwekukurumidza kunokonzerwa nehuremu hwemotokari. Gear reshiyo, yekupedzisira dhiraivha, nhamba yegiya uye kugadzirisa kwemotokari. Paunenge uchityaira, imwe chiyero chesimba rekinetic inounganidzwa, uye mota inowana inertia.

Vehicle inertia

Nekuda kwe inertia, mota inogona kufamba kwekanguva iine injini kubva. Iko kuverenga kunoshandiswa kuchengetedza mafuta. Kumisa mota kwakakosha pakutyaira chengetedzo uye kunoenderana nemabhureki ayo. Mabhureki ari nani uye akavimbika, unokurumidza kumisa mota inofamba. Uye iwe unogona kufamba nekukurumidza, uye nekudaro yake yepakati kumhanyisa ichave yakakwira. Kana mota ichifamba, iyo yakaunganidzwa kinetic simba inosvinwa panguva yekumira. Kuramba kwemhepo kunobatsira kubhureki. Kutenderera uye kusimudza kuramba. Panzvimbo yakatenuka, hapana kuramba kwekukwira, uye chinhu chinorema chinowedzerwa kune inertia yemotokari, zvichiita kuti zvinetse kumira. Kana uchisimudza, pakati pemavhiri nemugwagwa, simba rekusimudza rinogadzirwa rakanangana nekona kwekukwasva.

Kufamba kwebasa kana mota ichifamba

Braking inoenderana nehukama pakati pesimba rekumisa braking uye traction. Kana simba rekusunda remavhiri rakapfuura iro simba rekusvira, mota inomira. Kana iro braking simba rakakura kupfuura iro rekuedza, saka mavhiri acho anotsvedza achienderana nemugwagwa kana uchisimudza. Muchiitiko chekutanga, kana amiswa, mavhiri anotenderera, zvishoma nezvishoma achidzikira, uye simba remagetsi remota rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekupisa. Heated Mapedhi uye discs. Muchiitiko chechipiri, mavhiri anomira kutenderera uye kutsvedza munzira, saka mazhinji einetic simba anozoshandurwa kuita kupisa kwekukwirana kwematai ari munzira. Kumira nemavhiri pakamira kunokanganisa traffic, kunyanya mumigwagwa inotsvedza. Iyo yakakwira braking simba inogona kuwanikwa chete kana nguva dzekumira dzemavhiri dzakaenzana nemitoro inokonzerwa navo.

Kuenzana mukufamba kwemotokari

Kana kuenzana uku kukasaonekwa, simba rekubhureki rimwe remavhiri harizoshandiswe zvizere. Kushanda kwebhureki kunoverengerwa sebasa remabhureki kure uye kuwanda kwekuderera. Mabhureki nhambwe nhambwe inofambwa nemota kubva painotangisa mabhureki kusvika pakazara mabhureki. Kukwidzwa kwemotokari ndiko kuwanda uko kumhanya kwemotokari kunodzikira pachikamu chenguva. Kutyaira motokari kunonzwisiswa sokukwanisa kwayo kushandura nzira. Iko kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yemakona eiyo longitudinal uye transverse tilt yeaxis yekutenderera kwevhiri. Kana motokari ichifamba mumutsara wakatwasuka, zvinokosha zvikuru kuti mavhiri anodhiraivha asatenderera zvisina tsarukano uye kuti mutyairi haafaniri kuita nhamburiko yokuchengeta mavhiri ari munzira yakarurama. Iyo motokari inopa kugadzikana kwemavhiri anotungamira munzvimbo yekumberi.

Mashini maitiro

Izvi zvinoitwa nekuda kwekureba kwenguva yenguva yekutenderera kweiyo axis yekutenderera uye kona pakati pendege yekutenderera kwevhiri nekutwasuka. Nekuda kwekurebesa kureba, vhiri rinogadziridzwa kuitira kuti fulcrum yaro ipfuudzirwe inoenderana neiyo axis yekutenderera, uye mashandiro akafanana neanotenderera. Panzvimbo inoyambuka, kutenderera vhiri kunogara kwakaomarara pane kuridzorera panzvimbo yaro yepakutanga, kufamba munzira yakatwasuka. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kana vhiri rakatendeuka, kumberi kwemotokari kunokwira nemari b. Mutyairi anoisa zvakanyanya kushanda padhiraivho. Kudzosa mavhiri akatwasanudzwa mumutsara wakananga, huremu hwemotokari hunobatsira kufambisa mavhiri uye mutyairi anoshandisa chiyero chidiki chemasimba kudhiraivho. Pamota, kunyanya idzo dzine yakaderera kumanikidza matai, lateral tension inoonekwa.

Kutyaira matipi

Kudzoreredza kwekupedzisira kunoitika kunyanya pasi pesimba re lateral simba rinokonzeresa kukanganisa kweshure kwetaya. Panyaya iyi, mavhiri haatenderi munzira yakatwasuka, asi anofamba nedivi achifurirwa ne lateral force. Mavhiri maviri ari pamberi ekisero ane kona yakafanana yekufambisa. Kana mavhiri akaiswa mukufamba, radius inochinja inochinja. Izvo zvinowedzerwa nekudzora mudhiraivho wemota uye iko kutyaira kudzikama hakuchinje. Sezvo mavhiri ari paashure yekumashure anosuduruka, nharaunda inotenderera inoderera. Izvi zvinonyanya kucherechedzwa kana kona yekurerekera kwemavhiri ekumashure iri yakakura kudarika iya yemavhiri epamberi, kudzikama kunodzikira. Mota inotanga kudonha uye mutyairi anofanirwa kugara achigadzirisa mafambiro efambiro. Kuti uderedze simba rekutyaira pakutyaira, kumanikidza kwemhepo mumatai epamberi kunofanirwa kuve kwakadzikira zvishoma pane kumashure.

Yekusungwa kwemugwagwa

Dzimwe nguva, kutsvedza kunogona kukonzera kuti mota itenderere yakatenderedza axis yayo. Slippage inogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Ukatenderedza mavhiri ekumashure zvakanyanya, unogona kuona kuti masimba asina simba akakura kudarika kuteya kwemavhiri. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika mumigwagwa inotsvedza. Muchiitiko chekusimbisa kana kuomesa mabhureki anoshandiswa kumavhiri kurudyi uye kuruboshwe, ichiita nenzira yekureba, nguva yekutendeuka inomuka, zvichitungamira kutsvedza. Icho chiripo chinokonzeresa kutsvedza panguva yebhureki isingaenzane braking simba pamakumbo pane imwe ekisero. Kusingaenzanisike kwemavhiri kurudyi kana kuruboshwe munzira yemugwagwa kana kuiswa zvisirizvo kwemitoro inoenderana nehurefu hwenzvimbo yemotokari. Iyo mota inogona zvakare kutsvedza kana mota yakamiswa.

Kutyaira matipi

Izvo zvinodikanwa kudzivirira mota kubva mukutsvedza. Misa mabhureki usingaregedze batira. Dzorera mavhiri munzira yekutsvedza. Aya matekitori anoitwa nekukurumidza apo kuburuka kunotanga. Mushure mekumisa injini, mavhiri anofanirwa kuenderana kudzivirira mudhudhudhu kutanga kune rimwe divi. Kazhinji kazhinji kutsvedza kunoitika kana iwe ukamira kamwe kamwe munzira ine mvura kana yechando. Uye pakumhanya kwakanyanya, kutedzemuka kunowedzera zvakanyanya, saka pamigwagwa inotsvedza kana ine chando nemakona unofanirwa kudzora pasina kushandisa braking. Kugona-kwemugwagwa kugona kwemotokari kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kutyaira mumigwagwa yakaipa uye mamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana munzira. Iko kukwana kunotsanangurwa. Iko kugona kwekukurira kutenderera kurwisa nenzira yevhiri traction.

4x4 kufamba kwemotokari

Kwose kuyerwa kwemotokari. Iko kugona kwemotokari kukunda zvipingamupinyi mumugwagwa. Chinhu chikuru chinoratidza kutenderera ndicho chiyero pakati peashure simba rekusimudzira rinoshandiswa pamavhiri ekutyaira uye nesimba rekudhonza. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, maneja manejimendi anogona kushomeka nekubata zvisina kukwana mumugwagwa. Uye, nekudaro, kusakwanisa kushandisa zvakanyanya kukanda. Iyo coefficient yekunamatira kwemass inoshandiswa kuongorora kugona kwemotokari kufamba pasi. Iyo inotsanangurwa nekukamura huremu nekuda kwemavhiri ekutyaira nehuremu hwese hwemotokari. The mukuru kure-mugwagwa kugona - mana nemavhiri nemotokari. Panyaya yetrailer inowedzera huremu hwese asi isingachinje huremu hwekukweva, kugona kuyambuka njanji kwakadzikira zvakanyanya.

Kufambisa kwemavhiri ekutyaira kana mota ichifamba

Iyo yakatarwa kumanikidzwa kwetaya mumugwagwa uye iyo yekutsika pateni ine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakudhonzwa kwemavhiri ekutyaira. Kunyanya kumanikidzwa kunoonekwa nekumanikidza kwehuremu hwevhiri renzvimbo inodhindwa. Pane ivhu rakasununguka, kugona kwemotokari kunenge kuri nani kana kumanikidza kwakadzika kuri kuderera. Mumigwagwa yakaoma uye inotsvedza, kugona kuyambuka migwagwa yepakati-peguta kunovandudzwa nehurefu hwakananga. Tayi ine turu hombe yekutsika paivhu rakapfava inozove nekutsika kwakakura uye yakadzikira yakatarwa kumanikidza. Ipo paivhu rakaomarara tsoka yeiri vhiri ichave iri diki uye kumanikidza kwacho kuchawedzera.