Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinoshanda sei?

Lithium-ion bhatiri rinopa chero mhando yemotokari yemagetsi. Kubva pakutanga, yakazvisimbisa sereferensi tekinoroji mumusika wemotokari yemagetsi. Inoshanda sei? Nyanzvi dzeIZI neEDF network dzinokupa ruzivo rwakagadziridzwa nezvekushanda, maitiro, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi.

Summary

Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinoshanda sei?

Kana dizeli locomotive inoshandisa peturu kana dhiziri sesimba, saka izvi hazvishande kumotokari dzemagetsi. Ivo vakashongedzerwa nebhatiri ine kuzvimiririra kwakasiyana, iyo inofanirwa kubhadhariswa pachiteshi chekuchaja.

Chero mota yemagetsi ine chaizvo ine akati wandei mabhatiri:

• Kuwedzera bhatiri;
• Uye traction bhatiri.

Basa ravo nderei uye vanoshanda sei?

Kuwedzera bhatiri

Kufanana nemufananidzo wekupisa, motokari yemagetsi ine rimwe bhatiri. Iri bhatiri re12V rinoshandiswa kusimbisa zvigadziriso zvemotokari.

Iri bhatiri rinovimbisa kushanda chaiko kweakasiyana midziyo yemagetsi, senge:

• Mahwindo emagetsi;
• Radio ;
• Masensa akasiyana emotokari yemagetsi.

Saka, kusashanda kwebhatiri rinobatsira remotokari yemagetsi kunogona kukonzera kumwe kuputsika.

Kudhonza bhatiri

Chinhu chepakati chemotokari yemagetsi, bhatiri rekudhonza, rinoita basa rakakosha. Chokwadi, inochengeta simba rakachajwa muchiteshi chekuchaja uye inopa simba kumota yemagetsi paunenge uchifamba.

Kushanda kwebhatiri rekudhonza kwakaoma, saka chinhu ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinodhura zvemotokari yemagetsi. Mutengo uyu uri kukanganisawo kuvandudzwa kwe electromobility pasi rose. Vamwe vatengesi vanopa chibvumirano chekurenda bhatiri kana uchitenga mota yemagetsi.

Iyo lithium-ion bhatiri ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa bhatiri mhando mumotokari dzemagetsi. Nekuda kwekugara kwayo, kuita uye chengetedzo nhanho, ichokwadi tekinoroji yereferenzi yevazhinji vanogadzira.

Zvisinei, kune marudzi akasiyana emabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi:

• Nickel cadmium bhatiri;
• Nickel-metal hydride bhatiri;
• Lithium bhatiri;
• Li-ion bhatiri.

Pfupiso tafura yezvibatsiro zvemabhatiri akasiyana emagetsi emagetsi

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri	zvakwakanakira
Cadmium nickel	Rakareruka bhatiri rine hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakanakisa.
Nickel metal hydride	Bhatiri rakareruka rine kusvibiswa kwakaderera uye simba rekuchengetedza simba.
Lithium	Kuchaja kwakadzikama uye kuburitsa. High rated voltage. Yakakosha misa uye volumetric simba density.
Lithium ion	High chaiyo uye volumetric simba.

Summary tafura yezvisina kunaka zvemabhatiri akasiyana-siyana emotokari dzemagetsi

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri	kutadza
Cadmium nickel	Sezvo huwandu hwehuturu hwe cadmium hwakanyanya, chinhu ichi hachichashandiswa.
Nickel metal hydride	Zvinhu zvacho zvinodhura. Iyo yekutonhodza system inodiwa kubhadhara kukwira kwekushisa zvichienderana nemutoro.
Lithium	Lithium recycling haisati yanyatsogona. Panofanira kuva ne automated power management.
Lithium ion	Dambudziko rekupisa moto.

Battery performance

Simba remotokari yemagetsi rinoratidzwa mu kilowatt (kW). Kune rumwe rutivi, kilowatt awa (kWh) inoyera simba iro bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinogona kuunza.

Iwe unogona kuenzanisa simba rejini yekupisa (inoratidzwa mubhiza) nesimba remotokari yemagetsi inoratidzwa mu kW.

Nekudaro, kana iwe uchida kuisa mari mumotokari yemagetsi ine hupenyu hurefu hwebhatiri, unozofanirwa kutendeukira ku kWh metering.

Battery upenyu

Zvichienderana nemhando yemotokari yako yemagetsi, huwandu hwayo hunogona kuva paavhareji kubva ku100 kusvika ku500 km. Zvechokwadi, bhatiri rakaderera rinokwana kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwemotokari yemagetsi kutyaira vana kuchikoro kana kushanda pedyo. Mhando yekufambisa iyi yakachipa.

Kunze kweiyo yekupinda-level kana yepakati-renji mamodheru, kune zvakare emhando yepamusoro-yekupedzisira inodhura zvakanyanya. Mutengo wemotokari idzi unonyanya kukanganiswa nekushanda kwebhatiri.

Nekudaro, iyi mhando yemotokari yemagetsi inogona kufamba kusvika 500 km zvichienderana nekutyaira kwako, mhando yemugwagwa, mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwe.

Kuti uchengetedze kuzvitonga kwebhatiri rako parwendo rurefu, nyanzvi dzeIZI neEDF network dzinokukurudzira, kunyanya, kusarudza kutyaira kunoshanduka uye kudzivirira kukurumidza kukurumidza.

Battery recharge nguva

Inyanzvi dzeIZI neEDF network dzichatarisira, kunyanya, ye kuiswa kwezviteshi zvekuchajisa mota dzemagetsi ... Tsvaga ese aripo ekuchaja mabhatiri emota yako yemagetsi ne:

• Soketi yemumba 220 V;
• Wallbox inokurumidza kuchaja socket;
• Uye chiteshi chekuchaja chinokurumidza.

Soketi yemhuri 220 V

Pamba, unogona kuisa imba yekubuda kwe220 V. Nguva yekuchaja inobva pa10 kusvika ku13 maawa. Iwe unogona ipapo kuchaja mota yako husiku kuti uishandise mukati mezuva rose.

Wallbox inokurumidza kuchaja socket

Kana ukasarudza kukurumidza kuchaja socket, inonziwo Wallbox, nguva yekuchaja ichapfupikiswa:

• Kwemaawa mana mushanduro 4A;
• Kwemaawa masere kana gumi mushanduro ye8A.

Fast kuchaja chiteshi

Munzvimbo dzekupaka dzekondomu kana musupamaketi uye yekupaka bhizinesi, unogona zvakare kuchaja mota yako pachiteshi chekuchaja chinokurumidza. Mutengo wechigadzirwa ichi, hongu, wakanyanya.

Zvisinei, nguva yekuchaja bhatiri inokurumidza zvikuru: inotora maminitsi makumi matatu.

Pfupiso tafura yemitengo yemidziyo yekuchaja mabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi

Battery kuchaja midziyo mhando	Mutengo (kunze kwekuisa)
Inokurumidza kuchaja yekubatanidza	Inenge 600 euros
Fast kuchaja chiteshi	Inenge 900 €

Bhatiri re lithium-ion rinoshanda sei?

Nheyo yekushanda kwemhando iyi yebhatiri yakaoma. Ma electrons anotenderera mukati mebhatiri, zvichiita kuti pave nemusiyano pakati pema electrode maviri. Imwe electrode yakaipa, imwe yakanaka. Vanonyudzwa mu electrolyte: mvura ine ionic conduction.

Discharge phase

Kana bhatiri richiita motokari simba, iyo negative electrode inoburitsa maerekitironi akachengetwa. Vanobva vabatanidzwa kune yakanaka electrode kuburikidza nekunze kwedunhu. Ichi ndicho chikamu chekubuda.

Kuchaja chikamu

Mhedzisiro inopesana inoitika kana bhatiri ichichajwa muchiteshi chekuchaja kana chinopindirana chakasimbiswa chemagetsi. Nokudaro, simba rinofambiswa nechaja rinotamisa maerekitironi aripo mu electrode yakanaka kune electrode yakaipa. 

BMS mabhatiri: tsananguro uye kushanda

Iyo BMS (Battery Management System) software inodzora mamodule uye zvinhu zvinogadzira bhatiri rekudhonza. Iyi manejimendi system inotarisisa bhatiri uye inogonesa hupenyu hwebhatiri.

Kana bhatiri rakundikana, zvakafanana zvinoitika neBMS. Nekudaro, vamwe vagadziri veEV vanopa BMS reprogramming sevhisi. Saka, nyoro reset inogona kufunga nezve mamiriro ebhatiri panguva T.

Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rakavimbika zvakadii?

Iyo lithium-ion bhatiri inozivikanwa nekuvimbika kwayo. Nekudaro, chenjera, iyo yekuchaja modhi, kunyanya, inogona kukanganisa kusimba kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, hupenyu hwebhatiri uye kuita zvinoderedzwa nekufamba kwenguva mune zvese zviitiko.

Kana motokari yemagetsi inoputsika, chikonzero chacho hachiwanzoitiki bhatiri. Zvechokwadi, munguva yechando, iwe uchakurumidza kuona kuti motokari yako yemagetsi haina matambudziko kutanga, pasinei nechando, kusiyana neine dizeli locomotive.

Sei mabhatiri e-lithium-ion achiderera nekufamba kwenguva?

Kana motokari yemagetsi ichifamba kwemakiromita akawanda, kushanda kwebhatiri zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvadaro zvinhu zviviri zvinoonekwa:

• Hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakaderedzwa;
• Nguva yakareba yekuchaja bhatiri.

Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinokura nekukurumidza sei?

Zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinogona kukanganisa kuchembera kwebhatiri:

• Kuchengetedza mamiriro emotokari yemagetsi (mugaraji, mumugwagwa, nezvimwewo);
• Kutyaira maitiro (nemotokari yemagetsi, kutyaira kwakasvibira kuri nani);
• Kuchaja frequency pazviteshi zvekuchaja zvinokurumidza;
• Mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo yaunotyaira kazhinji.

Maitiro ekugadzirisa hupenyu hwebhatiri remotokari yemagetsi?

Nekufunga nezve izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, hupenyu hwesevhisi yebheteri yekudhonza inogona kugadziridzwa. Chero nguva, mugadziri kana wechitatu anovimbwa anogona kuongorora uye kuyera iyo SOH (hutano hwehutano) hwebhatiri. Chiyero ichi chinoshandiswa kuongorora mamiriro ebhatiri.

SOH inofananidza huwandu hwebhatiri huwandu panguva yekuyedzwa nehupamhi hwebhatiri huwandu kana hwaive hutsva.

Kudzokorora: hupenyu hwechipiri hwebhatiri remotokari yemagetsi

Muchikamu chemotokari yemagetsi lithium-ion battery disposal issue mumotokari dzemagetsi inoramba iri dambudziko guru. Zvechokwadi, kana motokari yemagetsi yakachena kupfuura dhiziri locomotive (dambudziko rekugadzirwa kwehydrocarbon) nokuti inoshandisa magetsi emagetsi, magetsi, lithium recovery uye kudzokorora idambudziko.

Nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza

Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinogona kuva nemakirogiramu akati wandei e lithium. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa senge cobalt uye manganese. Aya marudzi matatu akasiyana emasimbi anocherwa uye anogadziriswa kuti ashandiswe mukuvaka bhatiri.

Lithium

Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvinhu zvelithium zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi zvinobva kumagwenga emunyu eSouth America (Bolivia, Chile neArgentina).

Kubviswa uye kugadzirisa kwe lithium kunoda mvura yakawanda, zvichiita kuti:

• Kuomesa kwemvura yepasi nenzizi;
• Kusvibiswa kwevhu;
• Uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, sekuwedzera kwehupfu uye zvirwere zvakakomba zvevanhu vemo.

Cobalt

Inopfuura hafu yekugadzirwa kwecobalt pasi rose kunobva kumigodhi yeCongo. Iyo yekupedzisira inomira zvakanyanya maererano ne:

• Migodhi yekuchengetedza mamiriro;
• Kushandiswa kwevana pakuchera cobalt.

Kunonoka muchikamu chekudzokorora: tsananguro

Kana iyo lithium-ion bhatiri yakatengeswa kubva 1991 muvatengi vemagetsi chikamu, nzira dzekudzokorodza dzechinhu ichi dzakatanga kukura gare gare.

Kana lithium isati yatanga kushandiswazve, saka izvi zvainyanya kukonzerwa ne:

• Pamusoro pekuwanikwa kwayo kukuru;
• Mutengo wakaderera wekutorwa kwayo;
• Mitengo yekuunganidza yakaramba yakaderera.

Nekudaro, nekukwira kwe electromobility, zvinodiwa zvekugovera zvinoshanduka nekukurumidza, nekudaro kudikanwa kweiyo inobudirira recirculation chiteshi. Nhasi, paavhareji, 65% ye lithium mabhatiri anodzokororwa.

Lithium Recycling Solutions

Nhasi, kune mashoma emagetsi mota dzemagetsi zvichienzaniswa nedhiziri locomotives. Izvi zvinogonesa kunenge kwakazara disassembly yemotokari uye yakashandiswa bhatiri zvikamu.

Nokudaro, lithiamu pamwe chete nealuminium, cobalt nemhangura zvinogona kuunganidzwa uye kushandiswazve.

Mabhatiri asina kukuvara anotevera dunhu rakasiyana. Chokwadi, nekuti dzimwe nguva havachagadziri simba rakakwana kuti vape kuita kwakaringana uye huwandu hwevatyairi, hazvireve kuti havachashanda. Nokudaro, vanopiwa hupenyu hwechipiri. Ivo vanobva vashandiswa kushandiswa kwakamira:

• Kuchengetera zviwanikwa zvesimba rinowanikwazve (solar, mhepo, nezvimwewo) muzvivako;
• Zvekupa masimba ekuchaja zviteshi.

Bazi remagetsi harisati raita hunyanzvi hwekutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa izvi kana kuzviwana nedzimwe nzira.

Kuisa chiteshi chekuchaja mota yemagetsi