Motokari yemagetsi inoshanda sei?

Kanganwa nezve pistons, gearboxes nemabhandi: mota yemagetsi haina. Idzi mota dzinoshanda zviri nyore pane dhiziri kana mota ine peturu. Mota-Propre inotsanangura ma mechanics avo zvakadzama.

Muchitarisiko, mota yemagetsi yakafanana nechero imwe mota. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa pasi pehodhi, asiwo pasi pevhu, kuti uone kusiyana. Muchinzvimbo cheinjini yekupisa kwemukati inoshandisa kupisa sesimba, inoshandisa magetsi. Kuti tinzwisise nhanho nhanho kuti mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei, isu tichateedzera nzira yemagetsi kubva kune yeruzhinji grid kune vhiri.

Kudzosera

Zvose zvinotanga ne recharging. Kuti uwedzere peturu, mota inofanirwa kubatirwa mudura, bhokisi remadziro kana chiteshi chekuchaja. Kubatana kunogadzirwa netambo ine zvibatanidza zvakakodzera. Kune akati wandei azvo, anoenderana neinodiwa yekuchaja modhi. Kuchaja kumba, kubasa, kana zviteshi zvidiki zveveruzhinji, unowanzo shandisa yako Type 2 tambo. Tambo yakasungirirwa kune inokurumidza-kudhirowa materminal inosangana nezviyero zviviri: yeEuropean "Combo CCS" uye "Chademo". Zvingaita sezvinotyisa pakutanga, asi chaizvoizvo, sezvaunojaira, zvichava nyore. Iko hakuna njodzi yekukanganisa: zvibatanidza zvine maumbirwo akasiyana uye saka hazvigone kuiswa mune isiriyo slot.

Kana yangobatanidzwa, iyo alternating yemagetsi ikozvino (AC) inotenderera mune yekugovera network inoyerera kuburikidza netambo yakabatana nemotokari. Anoita nhevedzano yecheki kuburikidza nekombuta yake iri pabhodhi. Kunyanya, inova nechokwadi chekuti yazvino ndeyemhando yakanaka, yakanyatsoiswa uye kuti chikamu chepasi chakakwana kuvimbisa kuchengetedza kwakachengeteka. Kana zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka, motokari inopfuura magetsi kuburikidza nekutanga pane-board element: converter, inonziwo "on-board charger".

Renault Zoé Combo CCS yakajairika yekuchaja chiteshi.

Shanduri

Muviri uyu unoshandura kuchinjika kweiyo mains kuita yakananga ikozvino (DC). Chokwadi, mabhatiri anochengeta simba chete muchimiro chakananga ikozvino. Kuti udzivise danho iri uye nekumhanyisa kuchaja, mamwe materminal pachawo anoshandura magetsi kuti ape DC simba rakananga kubhatiri. Aya anonzi "nekukurumidza" uye "yekupedzisira-nekukurumidza" DC yekuchaja zviteshi, zvakafanana neanowanikwa pazviteshi zvemotokari. Aya materminal anodhura zvakanyanya uye akaomarara haana kugadzirwa kuti aiswe muimba yega.

Battery

Mubhatiri, ikozvino inogoverwa mukati mezvikamu zvayo. Anouya ari mirwi midiki kana homwe dzakaunganidzwa pamwechete. Kuwanda kwesimba rakachengetwa nebhatiri rinoratidzwa mu kilowatt-maawa (kWh), iyo yakaenzana ne "litita" yetangi yemafuta. Kuyerera kwemagetsi kana simba rinoratidzwa mu kilowatts "kW". Vagadziri vanogona kuudza "usable" kugona uye / kana "zita" kugona. Zviri nyore: inoshandisika huwandu huwandu hwesimba rinonyatso shandiswa nemotokari. Musiyano uripo pakati pezvinobatsira uye zvezita unopa iyo headroom kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri.

Muenzaniso wekunzwisisa: bhatiri re50 kWh rinochaja ne10 kW rinogona kubhadharwa mumaawa angangoita mashanu. Sei "kutenderera"? Sezvo iri pamusoro pe5%, mabhatiri anozodzikamisa kumhanya kwekuchaja. Kufanana nebhodhoro remvura raunozadza kubva papombi, unofanira kuderedza kuyerera kuti usaputika.

Ikozvino yakaunganidzwa mubhatiri inotumirwa kune imwe kana kupfuura mota dzemagetsi. Kutenderera kunoitwa ne rotor yemota iri pasi pesimba remagineti rakagadzirwa mu stator (static coil yemota). Usati wasvika pamavhiri, kufamba kunowanzo pfuura nepakati pegiya bhokisi rine yakagadziriswa giya reshiyo kuti ukwidzise kumhanya kwekutenderera.

Kupararira kwehutachiona

Saka, motokari yemagetsi haina gearbox. Izvi hazvidiwi, nekuti mota yemagetsi inogona kushanda pasina matambudziko nekumhanya kusvika kune akati wandei makumi ezviuru ekuchinja paminiti. Inotenderera yakananga, kupesana neinjini yekupisa, iyo inofanirwa kushandura mutsara wekufamba kwepiston kuita denderedzwa inofamba kuburikidza ne crankshaft. Zvine musoro kuti motokari yemagetsi ine zvikamu zvishomanana zvinofamba pane dhiziri locomotive. Iyo haidi mafuta einjini, haina bhandi renguva uye nekudaro inoda kushoma kugadzirisa.

Regenerative braking

Chimwe chakanakira mota dzine mabhatiri ndechekuti dzinokwanisa kugadzira magetsi. Izvi zvinonzi "regenerative braking" kana "B mode". Chokwadi, kana mota yemagetsi ichitenderera "muvacuum" isina kupa ikozvino, inoigadzira. Izvi zvinoitika pese paunobvisa tsoka yako pane accelerator kana brake pedal. Nenzira iyi, simba rakadzoserwa rinoiswa zvakananga mubhatiri.

Iwo achangoburwa EV modhi anotopa modes ekusarudza simba reiyi regenerative brake. Mune yakanyanya mode, inobata mota yakasimba pasina kurodha madhisiki nemapadhi, uye panguva imwechete inochengetedza makiromita akati wandei ekuchengetedza simba. Mune dhiziri locomotives, simba iri rinongoraswa uye rinomhanyisa kupfeka kweiyo braking system.

Dashboard yemotokari yemagetsi kazhinji ine mita inoratidza simba rekudzoreredza braking.

Kuputsa

Naizvozvo, kuputsika kwehunyanzvi hwemotokari dzemagetsi hakuna kunyanya kuwanda. Nekudaro, zvinogona kuitika kuti unopera simba mushure mekumirira zvisina kunaka kumutyairi, senge mumotokari yepeturu kana dhiziri. Muchiitiko ichi, motokari ichanyevera mberi nezveyero yakaderera yebhatiri, kazhinji 5 kusvika 10% yakasara. Imwe kana mamwe mameseji anoratidzwa pane dashboard kana chepakati skrini uye yambiro mushandisi.

Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso, unogona kutyaira makumi emakumi emamwe makiromita kusvika kunzvimbo yekuchaja. Simba reinjini dzimwe nguva rinoganhurwa kuitira kuderedza kushandiswa uye saka kuwedzera huwandu. Mukuwedzera, iyo "turtle mode" inongoitwa otomatiki: mota zvishoma nezvishoma inononoka kusvika pakumira kwakazara. Zviratidzo zviri padeshibhodhi zvinokurudzira mutyairi kuti atsvake pokumira akamirira rori inodhonzwa.

Chidzidzo chidiki mumakanika pamotokari yemagetsi

Kuti zvinhu zvive nyore, zviudze kuti panzvimbo peinjini yekudziya, mota yako ine mota yemagetsi. Simba iri riri mubhatiri.

Iwe unogona kunge waona kuti mota yemagetsi haina clutch. Mukuwedzera, mutyairi anongofanira kudzvanya accelerator pedal kuti awane inogara iripo. Yakananga ikozvino inoshandurwa kuita alternating ikozvino nekuda kwechiito cheshanduko. Izvo zvakare ndizvo zvinogadzira iyo electromagnetic munda kuburikidza nemota yako inofamba coil yemhangura.

Mota yako ine magineti imwe chete kana anopfuura akamiswa. Vanopikisa simba ravo remagineti kumunda wecoil, iyo inovamisa mukufamba uye inoita kuti mota imhanye.

Vatyairi vane ruzivo vanogona kunge vakaona kuti pakanga pasina gearbox zvakare. Mumotokari yemagetsi, iyi ndiyo injini yeinjini, iyo, pasina murevereri, inosanganisira maekisi emavhiri ekufambisa. Saka, motokari haidi pistons.

Chekupedzisira, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvese izvi "zvishandiso" zvakanyatso wiriraniswa kune mumwe nemumwe, iyo-bhodhi komputa inotarisa uye inogadzirisa simba rakagadzirwa. Saka, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, injini yemotokari yako inogadzirisa simba rayo maererano nehuwandu hwekuchinja paminiti. Izvi kazhinji zvishoma pane pamotokari dzinopisa.

Kuchaja: panotangira zvese

Kuti mota yako ikwanise kutyaira mota yako, unofanirwa kuiisa mumagetsi emagetsi kana chiteshi chekuchaja. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa tambo ine zvibatanidza zvakakodzera. Kune mamodheru akasiyana kuti aenderane nemamodhi ekuchaja akasiyana. Kana uchida kuwana motokari yako itsva kumba, kubasa, kana zviteshi zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji, uchada chokubatanidza cheType 2. Shandisa tambo ye“Combo CCS” kana kuti “Chedemo” kuti ushandise materminals anokurumidza.

Panguva yekuchaja, magetsi anochinja anoyerera netambo. Motokari yako inopinda mumacheki akawanda:

• Unoda yemhando yepamusoro uye yakanyatsogadziriswa ikozvino;
• Grounding inofanira kupa yakachengeteka kuchaja.

Mushure mekutarisa mapoinzi maviri aya, mota inopa mvumo yekuti magetsi afambe nemushanduri.

Basa rakakosha rekushandura mumotokari yeplug-in

Iyo inoshandura "inoshandura" iyo inochinjika ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza neiyo terminal kuita yakananga ikozvino. Iyi nhanho inofanirwa nekuti EV mabhatiri anogona chete kuchengeta DC ikozvino. Nekudaro, ramba uchifunga kuti iwe unogona kuwana zviteshi zvinoshandura zvakananga AC kuita DC. Vanotumira "chigadzirwa" chavo zvakananga kubhatiri remotokari yako. Izvi zviteshi zvekuchaja zvinopa kukurumidza kana kukurumidza kuchaja, zvichienderana nemuenzaniso. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe waizozvishongedza nematerminals aya kubhadharisa mota yako itsva yemagetsi, ziva kuti inodhura zvakanyanya uye inoshamisa, uye nekudaro yakaiswa, chero zvakadaro, panguva ino chete munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji (semuenzaniso. , semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzekutandarira mumigwagwa mikuru).

Mhando mbiri dzemotokari yemagetsi injini

Mota yemagetsi inogona kuve nemhando mbiri dzemotor: mota inopindirana kana mota asynchronous.

Injini yeasynchronous inogadzira magineti kana ichitenderera. Kuti aite izvi, anovimba ne stator, iyo inogamuchira magetsi. Muchiitiko ichi, rotor inogara ichitenderera. Iyo asynchronous mota inonyanya kuiswa mumotokari dzinoita nzendo refu uye dzinofamba nekumhanya kukuru.

Mune induction mota, rotor pachayo inotora chinzvimbo che electromagnet. Nokudaro, inoshingaira kugadzira magnetic field. Kumhanya kwe rotor kunoenderana nehuwandu hwezvino inogamuchirwa nemota. Ndiyo yakanakira injini mhando yekutyaira kweguta, kumira kazhinji uye kunonoka kutanga.

Bhatiri, magetsi emotokari yemagetsi

Bhatiri haina marita mashoma epeturu, asi kilowatt-maawa (kWh). Kushandiswa kunogona kupihwa nebhatiri kunoratidzwa mu kilowatts (kW).

Bhatiri remotokari dzese dzemagetsi rine zviuru zvemasero. Apo ikozvino inopfuura kuburikidza navo, inogoverwa pakati peizvi zviuru zvezvikamu. Kuti ndikupe imwe pfungwa yekongiri yemasero aya, funga nezvawo semirwi kana homwe dzakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe.

Kana iyo yazvino ichipfuura nemabhatiri mubhatiri, inotumirwa kumota yako yemagetsi mota (s). Panguva ino, stator inoona iyo yakagadzirwa magnetic field. Ndiyo yekupedzisira inotyaira rotor yeinjini. Kusiyana neinjini yekupisa, inodhinda mafambiro ayo pamavhiri. Zvichienderana nemhando yemotokari, inogona kutumira mafambiro ayo kumavhiri kuburikidza negiya bhokisi. Iyo ine mushumo mumwe chete, iyo inowedzera kutenderera kwayo kumhanya. Ndiye anowana chiyero chepamusoro pakati pe torque nekumhanya kwekutenderera. Zvakanaka kuziva: iyo rotor kumhanya zvakananga zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweiyo ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nemota.

Kuti uwane ruzivo, ziva kuti mabhatiri matsva anogona kuchajwa anoshandisa lithium. Simba rekuchengetedza motokari yemagetsi rinobva paavhareji kubva ku150 kusvika ku200 km. Mabhatiri matsva (lithium-air, lithium-sulfur, nezvimwewo) achawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwebhatiri hwemotokari idzi mumakore mashoma anotevera.

Ungashandura sei chitarisiko chemota yako yemagetsi pasina gearbox?

Mhando yemotokari iyi ine injini inogona kutenderedza makumi ezviuru anoverengeka ekuchinja paminiti! Nekudaro, haudi giya bhokisi kuti uchinje kumhanya kwekufamba.

Injini yemotokari yemagetsi ese inotenderedza yakananga kumavhiri.

Chii chaunofanira kuyeuka nezve lithium-ion bhatiri?

Kana iwe uri kunyatsofunga kutenga mota yemagetsi, heino mamwe akakosha ruzivo nezve lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Imwe yezvakanakira bhatiri iyi ndeye yakaderera yekuzviburitsa mwero. Concretely, izvi zvinoreva kuti kana usingashandisi motokari yako kwegore, icharasikirwa isingasviki 10% yekutakura kwayo.

Imwe bhenefiti yakakosha: rudzi urwu rwebhatiri runoda chero kusagadziriswa. Kune rimwe divi, inofanirwa kuve yakarongeka yakashongedzerwa nedziviriro uye mutemo wedunhu, BMS.

Nguva dzekuchaja bhatiri dzinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemhando uye mugadziri wemotokari yako. Saka, kuti uzive kuti mota yako icharamba yakavharwa kwenguva yakareba sei, tarisa kune density yayo yebhatiri uye yekuchaja modhi yaunosarudza. Kuchaja kunotora maawa angangoita gumi. Ronga mberi uye tarisira!

Kana iwe usingadi, kana usina nguva yekuronga mberi, batanidza motokari yako kune chiteshi chekuchaja kana bhokisi remadziro: nguva yekuchaja ichatemwa nepakati!

Imwe nzira kune avo vanokurumidza: sarudza "kukurumidza kuchaja" pamusoro pechaji yakazara: mota yako ichachajwa kusvika 80% mumaminetsi makumi matatu chete!

Zvakanaka kuziva: Kazhinji, mabhatiri emotokari anowanikwa pasi pevhu. Simba ravo rinobva pa15 kusvika ku100 kWh.

Inoshamisa Yemagetsi Vehicle Braking Feature

Iwe unogona kunge usati wazviziva, asi kutyaira motokari yemagetsi kunobvumira iwe kugadzira magetsi! Vagadziri vemotokari vakapa mota dzavo dzemagetsi "superpower": kana injini yako isisina magetsi (somuenzaniso, tsoka yako painosimudzwa kubva pane accelerator pedal kana iwe paunobhuka), inozviita! Iri simba rinoenda rakananga kubhatiri rako.

Zvose zvemazuva ano motokari dzemagetsi dzine nzira dzinoverengeka dzinobvumira vatyairi vadzo kusarudza rimwe kana rimwe simba rekugadzirisa mabhureki.

Unochajisa sei idzi mota dzegirinhi?

Unogara musmall house here? Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kubhadharisa motokari kumba.

Chaja mota yako kumba

Kuti uchajise mota yako kumba, tora tambo yakatengeswa nemota yako woisungirira mumagetsi emagetsi. Iyo yawakajaira kuchaja smartphone yako ichaita! Ziva nezvengozi inogona kuitika yekupisa, zvisinei. Iyo amperage inowanzoganhurwa ku8 kana 10A kudzivirira chero tsaona. Uyezve, kana iwe uchida kuchaja yakazara kuchengetedza EV yako diki ichimhanya, zviri nani kuronga kuti ibatike husiku. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti yakadzikira ikozvino inokonzeresa munguva refu yekuchaja.

Imwe mhinduro ndeyekuisa bhokisi remadziro. Inodhura pakati pe500 € uye € 1200, asi unogona kukumbira 30% yemutero chikwereti. Iwe uchawana nekukurumidza kuchaja uye yakakwira ikozvino (inenge 16A).

Chaja mota yako papublic terminal

Kana iwe uchigara mufurati, usingakwanise kubatanidza mota yako kumba, kana uri kufamba, unogona kubatanidza mota yako kune yeruzhinji kuchaja chiteshi. Iwe unozozviwana zvese muhunyanzvi maapplication kana paInternet. Ziva nguva isati yasvika: Ungangoda kadhi rekupinda kiosk rakapihwa nerudzi kana nharaunda yakaisa kiosk iri mubvunzo.

Simba rinotumirwa uye saka nguva yekuchaja inosiyanawo zvichienderana nemidziyo yakasiyana.

Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvingakundikana here?

Idzi mota dzakasvibira zvakare dzine mukana wekusaputsika. Zvine musoro, sezvo vaine zvikamu zvishoma!

Nekudaro, mota idzi dzinogona kudzima magetsi. Zvechokwadi, maererano nemotokari yepetroli kana dizeli, kana iwe usingatarisiri zvakakwana "mafuta" mu "tangi" yako, motokari yako haigoni kuenderera mberi!

Mota yako yemagetsi ese inokutumira meseji yekunyevera kana mwero webhatiri ukanyanya kuderera. Ziva kuti une 5 kusvika 10% yesimba rako rasara! Yambiro inoonekwa padheshibhodhi kana kuti chepakati skrini.

Iva nechokwadi, iwe unenge (kwete hazvo) uri pamucheto wemugwagwa usina vanhu. Idzi mota dzakachena dzinogona kukutakura chero kubva 20 kusvika 50 km - inguva yekusvika painochaja.

Mushure meichi chinhambwe, mota yako inoderedza simba reinjini uye unofanirwa kunzwa kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana ukaramba uchityaira, uchaona dzimwe yambiro. Ipapo turtle mode inovhurwa kana mota yako yapererwa nekufema. Kumhanya kwako kwepamusoro hakupfuure makiromita gumi, uye kana iwe (chaizvo) usingade kuve pamucheto wemugwagwa uri wega, uchafanirwa kupaka kana kuchaja bhatiri rako.

Marii kubhadharisa mota yemagetsi?

Mutengo wepamusoro unoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu. Ziva kuti kuchaja mota yako kumba kunokubhadhara mari shoma pane kuchaja panzvimbo yeruzhinji. Tora Renault Zoé semuenzaniso. Kuchaja muEurope kunodhura anenge 3,71 euros, kana masendi mana chete pakiromita!

Iine ruzhinji terminal, tarisira kutenderedza € 6 kuvhara 100 km.

Iwe zvakare uchawana 22 kW zviteshi zvemahara kwenguva yakati vasati vabhadharwa.

Izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya pasina mubvunzo zviteshi zve "quick recharge". Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti vanoda simba rakawanda uye zvinoda imwe gadziriro. Kana tikaenderera nemuenzaniso wedu weRenault Zoé, 100 km yekuzvimiririra inokubhadhara iwe € 10,15.

Pakupedzisira, ziva kuti kazhinji, motokari yemagetsi inodhura iwe zvishoma pane dhiziri locomotive. Paavhareji, inodhura 10 euros kufamba 100 km.