Iyo injini yekuzora system inoshanda sei

Oiri yeinjini inoita basa rinokosha: Inoisa mafuta, inochenesa, uye inotonhodza zvikamu zvakawanda zvinofamba zveinjini zvinofamba nezviuru zvematenderedzwa paminiti. Izvi zvinoderedza kusakara pazvikamu zveinjini uye zvinova nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvese zvinoshanda nemazvo pakudziya kunodzorwa. Kugara kwekufamba kwemafuta matsva kuburikidza nerubrication system kunoderedza kudiwa kwekugadzirisa uye kuwedzera hupenyu hweinjini.

Injini dzine zvidimbu zvezvikamu zvinofamba uye zvese zvinoda kunyatsoiswa mafuta kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakatsetseka uye kwakagadzikana. Sezvo ichipfuura nemuchinjini, oiri inofamba pakati pezvikamu zvinotevera:

muunganidzi wemafuta: Pani yemafuta, inozivikanwawo se sump, inowanzowanikwa pazasi pejini. Inoshanda semudziyo wemafuta. Oiri inoungana ipapo kana injini yadzimwa. Mota zhinji dzine marita mana kusvika masere emafuta musump yadzo.

Pombi yemafuta: Iyo pombi yemafuta inopomba oiri, ichiisundira kuburikidza nejini uye ichipa nguva dzose lubrication kune zvikamu.

Pickup tube: Inofambiswa nepombi yemafuta, iyi chubhu inodhonza mafuta kubva pani yemafuta kana injini yavhurwa, ichitungamira kuburikidza nemafuta sefa mukati meinjini.

Pressure rekuyamura vharafu: Inogadzirisa kudzvanywa kweoiri kuti irambe ichiyerera semutoro uye injini yekumhanyisa shanduko.

Sefa yemafuta: Mafirita oiri kuteya marara, tsvina, simbi zvimedu uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinogona kupfeka nekukuvadza zvikamu zveinjini.

Spurt makomba uye maberere: Zviteshi nemakomba akadhirowa kana kukandwa mu cylinder block uye zvikamu zvaro kuti ive nechokwadi chekugovaniswa kwemafuta kune ese zvikamu.

Settler marudzi

Kune mhando mbiri dzematangi ekubvisa. Yokutanga ndiyo sump yakanyorova, iyo inoshandiswa mumotokari zhinji. Mune ino system, pani yemafuta iri pazasi pejini. Iyi dhizaini yakanakira mota zhinji nekuti sump iri padyo nemafuta ekutora uye isingadhure kugadzira nekugadzirisa.

Rudzi rwechipiri rwe crankcase ndiyo yakaoma sump, iyo inowanzoonekwa pamotokari dzepamusoro. Pani yemafuta inowanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo painjini kupfuura pazasi. Iyi dhizaini inobvumira mota kudonha pasi pasi, iyo inodzikisa pakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi uye inovandudza kubata. Inobatsirawo kudzivirira nzara yeoiri kana mafuta akaputika kunze kwepombi yekudya panguva yekuremerwa kwekona.

Mafuta emota anoita sei

Oiri yakagadzirirwa kuchenesa, kutonhorera uye kudzosa injini zvikamu. Oiri inopfekedza mativi anofamba nenzira yokuti kana abata, anotsvedza pane kukwenya. Fungidzira zvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi zvichitarisana. Pasina mafuta, vanokwenya, kukwenya, uye kukonzera kumwe kukuvadza. Nemafuta pakati, zvidimbu zviviri zvinotsvedza nekukwesha kudiki.

Oiri inochenesawo zvikamu zvinofamba zveinjini. Munguva yekupisa, zvinosvibisa zvinoumbwa, uye nekufamba kwenguva, tumarata tudiki hunogona kuungana kana zvikamu zvinotsvedza zvichipesana. Kana injini ichidonha kana kubuda, mvura, tsvina, uye marara emumugwagwa zvinogonawo kupinda muinjini. Oiri inoteya zvinosvibisa izvi, kubva kwazvinobva zvabviswa nesefa yemafuta sezvo oiri inopfuura nemuinjini.

Nzvimbo dzekudyira dzinopfapfaidza mafuta pazasi pepistons, izvo zvinogadzira chisimbiso chakasimba pamadziro ecylinder nekugadzira yakaonda kwazvo yemvura layer pakati pezvikamu. Izvi zvinobatsira kuvandudza kushanda nesimba uye simba sezvo mafuta ari mukamuri yekupisa anogona kupisa zvakanyanya.

Rimwe basa rinokosha remafuta nderokuti rinobvisa kupisa kubva kune zvikamu, kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo uye kudzivirira injini kubva pakupisa. Pasina mafuta, izvo zvinoumba zvinokwenya mumwe nemumwe sesimbi isina simbi inosanganisirwa, ichigadzira yakawanda friction uye kupisa.

Mhando dzemafuta

Mafuta angave petroleum kana synthetic (asiri petroleum) makemikari emakemikari. Iwo anowanzo musanganiswa weakasiyana makemikari anosanganisira hydrocarbons, polyintrinsic olefins, uye polyalphaolefins. Oiri inopimwa nekupenya kwayo kana ukobvu. Mafuta anofanira kunge akakora zvakakwana kuti aise zvinhu zvacho, asi akatetepa zvekupfuura nemumagarari uye pakati pemaburi madiki. Ambient tembiricha inokanganisa viscosity yemafuta, saka inofanirwa kuchengetedza kuyerera kwakanaka kunyangwe munguva yechando inotonhora uye inopisa.

Mota zhinji dzinoshandisa mafuta akajairwa nepetroleum-based, asi mota zhinji (kunyanya dzakanangana nekuita) dzakagadzirirwa kufamba nemafuta ekugadzira. Kuchinja pakati pavo kunogona kukonzera matambudziko kana injini yako isina kugadzirirwa imwe kana imwe. Iwe unogona kuona kuti injini yako inotanga kupisa mafuta anopinda mukamuri rinopisa uye anopisa, kazhinji achibudisa utsi hwebhuruu hunoti hunobva pamhepo.

Synthetic Castrol oiri inopa mamwe mabhenefiti kumotokari yako. Castrol EDGE haina hanya nekushanduka kwekushisa uye inogona kubatsira kuvandudza hupfumi hwemafuta. Iyo zvakare inoderedza kupokana muzvikamu zveinjini zvichienzaniswa nemafuta epetroleum-based. Synthetic mafuta Castrol GTX Magnatec inowedzera hupenyu hweinjini uye inoderedza kudiwa kwekugadzirisa. Castrol EDGE High Mileage yakanyatso kugadzirirwa kuchengetedza injini dzekare uye kugadzirisa mashandiro avo.

Mafuta ekuyera

Paunoona bhokisi remafuta, iwe uchaona seti yenhamba pane iyo label. Nhamba iyi inoratidza giredhi remafuta, izvo zvakakosha pakuona kuti ndeapi mafuta ekushandisa mumotokari yako. Iyo grading system inotarwa neSosaiti yeMotokari Injiniya, saka dzimwe nguva unogona kuona iyo SAE pabhokisi remafuta.

SAE inosiyanisa magiredhi maviri emafuta. Imwe ye viscosity pane yakaderera tembiricha uye yechipiri giredhi ye viscosity pakupisa kwakanyanya, kazhinji avhareji yekushisa kweinjini. Semuenzaniso, iwe uchaona mafuta ane zita rekuti SAE 10W-40. 10W inokuudza kuti mafuta ane viscosity ye10 pane yakaderera tembiricha uye viscosity ye40 pakupisa kwakanyanya.

Chibodzwa chinotangira paziro uye chinowedzera muzvikamu zveshanu kusvika gumi. Somuenzaniso, uchaona oiri mamakisi 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, kana 60. Pashure penhamba 0, 5, 10, 15, kana 25, uchaona vara W, zvinoreva chando. Iyo idiki nhamba iri pamberi peW, zviri nani inoyerera pane yakaderera tembiricha.

Nhasi, mafuta akawanda ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari. Oiri yerudzi urwu ine zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinobvumira mafuta kuti ashande zvakanaka pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinowedzera zvinonzi viscosity index improvers. Mukutaura, izvi zvinoreva kuti varidzi vemotokari havachadi kushandura mafuta avo muchirimo chega chega uye matsutso kuti vaenderane nekuchinja kwekushisa, sezvavaisimboita.

Mafuta ane additives

Kuwedzera kune viscosity index inovandudza, vamwe vagadziri vanosanganisira zvimwe zvinowedzera kuvandudza mashandiro emafuta. Semuenzaniso, detergents inogona kuwedzerwa kuchenesa injini. Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuora kana kuita kuti asidi ne-zvigadzirwa.

Molybdenum disulfide additives yakashandiswa kuderedza kusakara uye kukweshana uye yaizivikanwa kusvika kuma1970. Mazhinji ekuwedzera haana kuratidzwa kuti anonatsiridza mashandiro kana kuderedza kupfeka uye ikozvino haasati awanikwa mumafuta emota. Mota zhinji dzechikuru dzinozowedzerwa zinc, iyo yakakosha kuoiri, zvichipihwa kuti injini yaishandiswa kushandisa mafuta anotungamira.

Kana iyo lubrication system isiri kushanda nemazvo, kukuvara kwakanyanya kweinjini kunogona kuitika. Imwe yematambudziko ari pachena ndeyekudonha kwemafuta einjini. Kana dambudziko rikasagadziriswa, motokari inogona kupera oiri, zvichiita kuti injini ikuvadze nokukurumidza uye zvinoda kugadziriswa kunodhura kana kuti kuchinjwa.

Danho rekutanga nderekutsvaga mafuta ekudonha. Chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri chisimbiso chakakuvadzwa kana chinodonha kana gasket. Kana iri pani yemafuta gasket, inogona kutsiviwa zviri nyore pamotokari zhinji. Musoro wegasket leak unogona kukuvadza zvachose injini yemotokari, uye kana pakaitika kuvuza, musoro wese gasket uchada kutsiviwa. Kana chinotonhodza chako chiri cheruvara rwebrown, izvi zvinoratidza kuti dambudziko riri nekufuridzirwa humburumbira musoro gasket uye mafuta ari kudonhedza muchitonhodza.

Rimwe dambudziko ndere mwenje wemafuta anobatidzwa. Low pressure inogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Kuzadza motokari nemhando isina kunaka yemafuta kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwakadzika muzhizha kana munguva yechando. Sefa yakavharika kana pombi yeoiri isina kunaka inoderedzawo kudzvanywa kweoiri.

Kugadzirisa yako lubrication system

Kuchengeta injini iri mumamiriro akanaka, zvinodikanwa kusevhisi iyo lubrication system. Izvi zvinoreva kushandura mafuta uye sefa sezvakakurudzirwa mubhuku remuridzi, izvo zvinowanzoitika 3,000-7,000 mamaira ega ega. Iwe unofanirwawo kushandisa chete giredhi remafuta anokurudzirwa nemugadziri. Kana iwe ukaona chero matambudziko neinjini kana kudonha kweoiri, iwe unofanirwa kukurumidza kushandira mota nemhando yepamusoro yeCastrol oiri neAvtoTachki nyanzvi yemunda.