Injini yemazuva ano inoshanda sei

Iwe unoshandura kiyi mumoto uye injini inotanga. Unotsika peturu mota yoenda kumberi. Unotora kiyi injini yodzima. Ndiwo mashandiro anoita injini yako, handiti? Zvakanyanya kutsanangurwa kupfuura zvatinoziva vazhinji vedu, nekuseri-kwe-zvinoitika sekondi yega yega.

Iko kushanda kwemukati kweinjini yako

Injini yemotokari yako inoumbwa nezvinhu zviviri zvikuru: cylinder block uye cylinder head.

Pamusoro pejini inonzi cylinder head. Iine mavharuvhu anovhurika uye akavharika kuti agadzirise kuyerera kwemhepo / mafuta musanganiswa uye gasi rekupedza kubva kune ega egasi. Panofanira kunge paine mavharuvhu maviri pacylinder: imwe yekutora (kuburitswa kwemafuta emhepo isina kupiswa mucylinder) uye imwe yekuburitsa (kuburitswa kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa kubva mujini). Injini dzakawanda dzinoshandisa mavharuvhu akawanda ekudya uye kupera simba.

Iyo camshaft inosungirirwa kana nepakati kana pamusoro peiyo cylinder musoro kudzora kushanda kwevharuvhu. Iyo camshaft ine mapurojekiti anonzi lobes anomanikidza mavharuvhu kuvhura uye kuvhara chaizvo.

Iyo camshaft uye crankshaft yakabatana zvakanyanya. Vanofanira kumhanya panguva yakakwana kuti injini ishande zvachose. Iwo akabatanidzwa neketani kana bhandi renguva kuchengetedza nguva ino. Iyo camshaft inofanirwa kupedzisa mabhindauko maviri akazara kune yega shanduko ye crankshaft. Imwe shanduko yakakwana ye crankshaft yakaenzana neshamhu mbiri dzepiston mucylinder yayo. Kutenderera kwemagetsi-maitiro anoburitsa simba raunoda kufambisa mota yako-inoda mapisitoni mana. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuti piston inoshanda sei mukati meinjini uye matanho mana akasiyana:

• Kushandiswa: Kuti utange kutenderera kwebasa, chinhu chekutanga chinoda injini musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo anopinda mucylinder. Ivhavha yekupinda inovhura mumusoro wecylinder apo piston inotanga kudzika pasi. Musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo unopinda muhumburumbira pachiyero che15:1. Apo piston inosvika pasi pekurohwa kwayo, valve yekutora inovhara uye inosimbisa silinda.

• kudzvinyirira: Iyo piston inokwira muhumburumbira, ichimanikidza mhepo / mafuta musanganiswa. Mhete dzepiston dzinosimbisa mativi episton muhumburumbira, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza. Apo piston inosvika pamusoro peiyi sitiroko, zviri mukati mehumburumbira zviri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Kutsikirira kuri pakati pe8:1 ne10:1. Izvi zvinoreva kuti musanganiswa uri muhumburumbira wakatsikirirwa kusvika pachikamu chegumi chevhoriyamu yayo yepakutanga isina kudzvanywa.

• Magetsi: Kana zviri mukati mesilinda zvakamanikidzwa, spark plug inobatidza musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo. Pane kuputika kunodzorwa kunosundira piston pasi. Inonzi power stroke nekuti ndiro simba rinotenderedza crankshaft.

• Exhaust: Kana piston iri pazasi pekurohwa kwayo, vharafu yekupedza mumusoro wecylinder inovhura. Kana piston ikasimuka zvakare (pasi pesimba remagetsi emagetsi panguva imwe chete anoitika mune mamwe masilinda), magasi akapiswa ari muhumburumbira anosundirwa kumusoro uye kunze kweinjini kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekuburitsa. Apo piston inosvika pamusoro peiyi sitiroko, vharuvhu yekuburitsa inovhara uye kutenderera kunotanga zvakare.

• Funga nezvazvo: Kana injini yako ichiita 700 RPM kana RPM, zvinoreva kuti crankshaft iri kutenderera ka700 paminiti. Sezvo basa rekutenderera richiitika kwesekondi yega yega, silinda imwe neimwe ine kuputika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu muhumburumbira yaro paminiti yega yega pasina chayakaita.

Injini inozorwa sei?

Oiri imvura yakakosha mukushanda kweinjini. Kune madiki madiki muzvikamu zvemukati zveinjini, zvinonzi mafungu emafuta, kuburikidza neayo mafuta anomanikidzwa. Iyo pombi yemafuta inodhonza oiri yeinjini kubva pani yeoiri uye inoimanikidza kuti itenderere nemuinjini, ichiva nechokwadi chekushanda kwakatsetseka kwezvakaremerwa zvesimbi zvesimbi. Iyi nzira inoita zvinopfuura kungoisa mafuta ezvikamu. Iyo inodzivirira kukwesha kunokonzera kupisa kwakanyanya, inotonhodza zvikamu zveinjini, uye inogadzira chisimbiso chakasimba pakati pezvikamu zveinjini, senge pakati pemadziro ecylinder nemapistoni.

Musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo unogadzirwa sei?

Mhepo inosvetwa muinjini nekuda kwevacuum yakagadzirwa panguva yekushanda kweinjini. Sezvo mweya uchipinda muinjini, jekiseni remafuta rinopfapfaidza mafuta anovhengana nemhepo pareshiyo inosvika 14.7:1. Musanganiswa uyu unoyamwa muinjini panguva yega yega yekutora.

Izvi zvinotsanangura basa remukati reinjini yemazuva ano. Mazana ema sensors, ma modules, uye mamwe masisitimu uye zvikamu zvinoshanda panguva iyi, zvichibvumira injini kumhanya. Motokari dzakawanda mumugwagwa dzine injini dzinoshanda zvakafanana. Paunofunga nezvemazvo anodiwa kuchengetedza mazana ezvikamu zveinjini zvichifamba zvakanaka, zvakanaka uye nekuvimbika kwezviuru zvemamaira mumakore mazhinji ebasa, unotanga kuonga basa remainjiniya nemakanika kuti akusvitse paunoda kuva. enda.