Kumiswa kwemota kunoshanda sei

Pakutanga kuona, zvinoratidzika kuti kumiswa kwemotokari kunoshanda zviri nyore. Kana mabumps achizopedzisira ave mashoma, saka zvese zvakanaka, handiti? Muchokwadi, iyo yekumisa system inoda basa rakawanda, uye zvikamu…

Pakutanga kuona, zvinoratidzika kuti kumiswa kwemotokari kunoshanda zviri nyore. Kana mabumps achizopedzisira ave mashoma, saka zvese zvakanaka, handiti?

Muchokwadi, iyo yekumisikidza system ine huwandu hukuru hwemabasa, uye zvikamu zvayo zvinofanirwa kumira mitoro mikuru kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe makuru masisitimu emotokari. Iyo yekumisikidza system iri pakati pefuremu nemavhiri uye inoshanda zvakati wandei zvakakosha. Sezvineiwo, kuturika kwakanyatsogadziriswa kunotora mabumps nemamwe mapundu mumugwagwa kuitira kuti vanhu vari mumotokari vafambe zvakanaka. Nepo izvi zvichinyanya kukosha kubva pakuona kwemutyairi, mutyairi anozoona zvimwe zvimiro zve suspension system. Iyi sisitimu ine basa rekuchengetedza mavhiri pasi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Mavhiri akakosha zvakanyanya pakuita uye kuchengetedzwa kwemotokari. Mavhiri ndiwo chete chikamu chemotokari inobata mugwagwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanofanirwa kuendesa simba pasi uye kutyaira mota panguva imwe chete, uye kuve nemutoro wekumisa mota. Pasina hurongwa hwekutora mabumps uye makomba mumigwagwa, motokari inozununguka uye inozununguka pavhu risina kuenzana, zvichiita kuti iite kunge isingashandisike nekuda kwekushaya kwekudhonza. Nepo iyo suspension system iri mhinduro yakanaka yemigwagwa ine mabumpy, inoita kuti basa rinyanye kuoma kana uchinge wafunga kuti mavhiri ave kuita mabasa awo ese akajairwa uye zvino anofanira kukwira nekudzika kuti atore mabumps kubva kumapundu. mubato wemota hauite kunge uri pazvitubu uye unokandwa pese pese.

Ndicho chikonzero iyo suspension system yakaoma zvikuru. Pane zvikamu zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa pano, uye chikamu chimwe chakatyoka kana chakakombama chinogona kukanganisa setup yese.

Iyo suspension system inoshanda sei?

Kune chikamu chikuru, mota dzemazuva ano dzine yakazvimirira pamberi uye kumashure kumiswa, zvichibvumira vhiri rimwe nerimwe kuti rifambe rakazvimiririra kune mamwe. Nekudaro, dzimwe mota dzinoshandisa yakapfava yakasimba ekisero nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera uye nyore dhizaini. Maekisi akasimba ega achiri kushandiswa mumotokari nyowani maekisi ekutyaira. Maekisi ekutyaira ane mavhiri ekutyaira kumagumo ega ega, nepo maakisi akafa aine matai ekutenderera emahara kumagumo ega ega. Dambudziko rematayi ekumashure asingafambi akazvimirira ega ega nderekuti anogara achichengeta kona imwe chete kune imwe neimwe, kwete kuenderana nepamusoro pemugwagwa. Izvi zvinoreva kubata kushoma uye kushomeka kubata. Kusvika panguva yazvino iteration, Ford Mustang yakashandisa ekisi mhenyu uye yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuzvipira kuita kwekubata nostalgic.

Beam axles inopawo huremu husina kufanira. Unsprung huremu huremu husingatsigirwi nekumiswa. Huremu hunotsigirwa nekuturika hunonzi sprung mass. Iyo yakaderera unsprung uremu kana ichienzaniswa nehuremu hwakamera inoita kuti mota ireruke uye iwedzere simba. Izvo zvakapesana zvinopa kukwira kwehasha uye kunzwa kwekudzora kushoma pamusoro pemotokari. Kana iyo mutsauko unotumira simba kumavhiri kuburikidza neaxles yakasungirirwa kumotokari yemotokari kana muviri pane ekisi pachayo, saka iyo unsprung mass yakanyanya kuderera. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero chakakosha, pakati pemamwe akawanda mabhenefiti ekukwanisa kutyaira vhiri rimwe pasina zvakanyanya kukanganisa mamwe mavhiri, nei yakazvimirira kuturika kunenge kunoshandiswa neautomaker kumberi nekumashure mavhiri emotokari dzavo.

Kumira kwakazvimirira kwepamberi kunobvumira vhiri rega rega rekumberi kuti rifambe kumusoro nekudzika nechitubu uye damper yakavharidzirwa kune furemu kune imwe mugumo uye chinongedzo kana chishuwo kune rumwe rutivi. Iyo yekudzora lever inosungirirwa kumberi kwemota padhuze nepakati pane imwe mugumo werevheti, uye chidhiraivho chinosungirirwa kune imwe. Chido chekuda chinoita zvakafanana, kunze kwekunge chinonamatira kune chimiro pamapoinzi maviri, zvichikonzera chikamu chakafanana nechishuwo. Nzvimbo yechikamu chega chega mune yakazvimirira yekumisa hurongwa yakakosha, sezvo mavhiri epamberi anofanirwa kutendeuka nekuchengetedza kurongeka nguva dzose kuitira kuti mota ishande zvakachengeteka.

Iyo yakazvimiririra yekumashure suspension inoshandisa tekinoroji yakafanana neyekumberi pasina kufunga madhiraivha, sezvo mavhiri ekumashure haawanzo dhiraivha. Mota dzeRWD neXNUMXWD dzine mutsauko wakaiswa pafuremu pakati pemaoko ekudzora kana zvishuwo, nepo mota dzemberi dzinotyaira mota dzine yakareruka yekumisa kumashure ichingoda zvitubu nemadhamu.

Iwo madhamu uye zvitubu zvinopa zvese kunyorova uye kudzvanya sezvo kumiswa kunofamba. Zvitubu zvinopa simba rinoita kuti huremu hurambe huri kure nemavhiri uye hunoramba kumanikidzwa. Shock absorbers masilinda akazadzwa neoiri anoita kuti kuturika kudzvanyirire uye kuorevesa pachiyero chinogara chichidzivirira zvitubu kuti zvisadhumhire kumusoro nekudzika. Mazuva ano mashock absorbers (kana dampers) anomhanya-mhanya, zvichireva kuti anobata zvinyoro zvinorova zvakanyanya uye anopa kuramba kune akakura hits. Funga nezvezvitubu sembwa dzevarindi, dzakagadzirira kudzivirira motokari yako nehasha kubva kumapumbu. Vanovhunduka vanova ndivo vanobata tambo dzembwa dzevarindi, vachiva nechokwadi chekuti havaendi kure uye vanoita zvinokuvadza kupfuura kunaka.

Mota dzakawanda, kunyanya diki, dzinoshandisa MacPherson struts iri pakati pechitubu checoil uye ichiita seanovhundutsa. Inochengetedza nzvimbo uye yakareruka.

Iyo suspension system inovandudza sei kugadzikana kwevatyairi?

Kana kukwira kana kunyaradzwa kwemotokari kwakanaka, zvinoreva kuti kumiswa kune kuparadzaniswa kwakanaka kubva mumugwagwa. Iko kuturika kunogona kukwira nekudzika sezvinodiwa pasina kuzunungusa mota. Mutyairi anowana ruzivo rwemumugwagwa rwakakwana kuti azive chero mamiriro ezvinhu emumugwagwa anokanganisika uye anonzwa rumble strip kana akadhonzera parutivi penzira huru.

Mota dzekare dzeumbozha, kunyanya mota dzemuAmerica dzeumbozha, dzine kuturika kwakapfava zvekuti mutyairi anonzwa sekunge ari kutyaira igwa. Izvi hazvina kunaka, sezvo pfungwa yemugwagwa (zvishoma zvishoma) inodiwa kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu paunenge uchityaira. Factory tuned mota dzemitambo uye compact mota dzinowanzoshoropodzwa nekuda kwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kubva munzira. Vagadziri vemotokari idzi vanofungidzira kuti vanhu vavo vanofarira nguva dzekukurumidza panjanji pane kunyaradza mumugwagwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mota dzinofamba nemujaho wekumhanya dzinowana kuwanda kwakawanda kubva mumhepo, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune isingafungidzike nzira yekumisa hunhu, kunyanya mumakona.

Zvimwe zvingangoitika zvemuviri kana zvekufambisa zvekutarisa zvinosanganisira:

• Body roll: Apo muviri wemotokari unozembera kunze kana uchikona. Motokari dzose dzinoita izvi kune imwe nhanho painokona, asi kana muviri wemotokari ukakunguruka zvakanyanya, kuchinja kwehuremu kunogona kukonzera motokari kutenderera, kubuda pakona nguva isati yakwana, kana kurasikirwa nevhiri rimwe kana kupfuura. .

• Muganho wakaderera: Apo matai anorova muviri wemotokari kana kuturika kunomanikidzwa. Izvi zvinoitika kana mota isina kumira zvakanaka kuti itore simba rekukanganisa kwairi. Fenders inogona kudzivirira izvi nekugadzira cushion pakati pekumiswa uye furemu inodzivirira tire kubva kumusoro kusvika pakurova muviri wemotokari, asi kana isina kukwana kana kushaikwa, dambudziko iri rinogona kuitika. A rollover inogona kukuvadza zviri nyore muviri, mavhiri kana suspension system.

Ko suspension system inobatsira sei kuti mota irambe iri mumugwagwa?

Kugona kwemota kubata mugwagwa kunoyerwa nemafambiro anoita mota zvakanaka uye kunyange kugovanisa huremu kana ichiiswa mumasimba akasiyana. Kuti unzwe kugadzikana paunomira, motokari inoda kuturika kusingatenderi kumberi kunyura pasi pose panoiswa mabhureki. Smooth acceleration inoda kuturika kudzivirira mota kuti isakweshe kumashure kana throttle yavhurwa. Kuchinja uremu kunopa hafu yemavhiri mazhinji ekukweva, kutambisa simba uye kukonzera kusawirirana kwekubata maitiro.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, yakawandisa muviri roll mumakona yakaipa pakubata. Muviri mupumburu wakashata zvakare nekuti kana uchitendeuka, kudhonza kunotamirwa kune rimwe divi remota kupfuura rimwe. Izvi zvinoita kuti matai emukati arasikirwe nekudhonza uye zvichida kubva panzira. Kuturika kunopa traction yakanaka kunodzivirira izvi zvakanyanya.

Dzimwe nyaya dzekufambisa dzinogona kubatanidzwa neisingasviki yekumisikidza system dhizaini dzinosanganisira:

• Impact Steering: Kana ichirova bump, mota inocheuka kuruboshwe kana kurudyi, asi mutyairi haatendeuki vhiri. Kusamira zvakanaka kurongeka kunogona kukonzera kuti mavhiri asendeke pakona zvekuti dambudziko iri rinoitika.

• Oversteer: Kana kuseri kwemota kwarasika kukwenya uye kutyora pane curve. Kana muviri ukakungurukira zvakanyanya mumakona, kuchinjika uremu kunogona kuita kuti mavhiri ekumashure arasikirwe nekudhonza. Dambudziko iri rinogonawo kukonzerwa nekuti mavhiri ekumashure anenge ari pakona isingaite kuti vhiri rinamire mumugwagwa zvakakwana kana richikona.

• understeer: Kana mavhiri emberi arasa kutsika pakona, zvoita kuti mota isverere yakananga kunze kwekona. Zvakafanana neoversteer, kuwandisa muviri kana mavhiri ane kona isiriyo yakasendama anogona kukonzera kuti mavhiri emberi asafambe zvakanaka kana achikona. Understeer ine njodzi zvakanyanya nekuti mota dzemberi dzinotyaira uye dzinoendesa simba kumavhiri emberi. kana kubatirira kushoma pamavhiri epamberi, ndiko kuderera kwekubata kwemotokari.

• Zvese zviri zviviri oversteer uye understeer zvinowedzerwa nekutsvedza kwemigwagwa.

Suspension service

Sezvo basa guru rekumiswa kwegadziriro iri kutora kuvhunduka kuitira kuchengetedza motokari nevafambi vayo, zvikamu zvinogadzirwa kuti zvive zvakasimba zvakakwana. Kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakati wandei mumotokari dzemazuvano izvo zvakangooma sekunge zvakamiswa.

Nekudaro, nekufamba kwakawanda uye simba rinogadzirwa mukumiswa, zvikamu zvichasakara kana kukuvara. Makomba akakomba anogona kuita kuti motokari idonhe zvakasimba zvokuti mitsetse yakabata zvitubu panzvimbo inokotama kana kutsemuka.

Creaking inonzwika kazhinji inoperekedza kukundikana kwebhushi uye zvimwe zvinongedzo. Kana imwe kona yemota ikanyanya kusimba kana ichifamba pamusoro pemabhampa, ita kuti zvinobata zvekuvhundutsa kana kuti struts zvitariswe nekukurumidza. Matambudziko ekumiswa anofanira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza, saka kana mabatiro emotokari kana kunyorova akachinja, inofanira kuongororwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.