Ndeapi marudzi e otomatiki transmissions?

Mota zhinji dzine giya bhokisi, chinova chinhu chinotamisa simba kubva muinjini yemotokari kuenda kumavhiri. Kazhinji kutaura, kune marudzi maviri ekutapurirana - manual uye otomatiki. Manual transmissions akangofanana, asi kune akati wandei marudzi e otomatiki transmissions, imwe neimwe inoshanda zvakasiyana nezvayo zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. 

Kana iwe uchifarira kana kutogara uine otomatiki kutapurirana mota, kuziva kutapurirana kwayo kunogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti zvakaita sei kutyaira mota, chii chakanaka pamusoro payo, uye chii chingave chisina kunaka.

Sei mota dzichida gearbox?

Mumotokari zhinji dzisiri dzemagetsi, simba rinodiwa pakufamba rinopihwa nepeturu kana dhiziri. Injini inoshandura crankshaft yakabatana negiya bhokisi, iro rinozobatana nemavhiri.

Iyo crankshaft pachayo haigone kutenderera nehupamhi hwakakwana hwekumhanya uye simba kuti inyatso kutyaira mavhiri, saka giya bhokisi rinoshandiswa kugadzirisa simba rinobva muinjini - chaizvo bhokisi resimbi remagiya akasiyana. Magiya akaderera anotamisa simba rakawanda kumavhiri kuti mota irambe ichifamba, nepo magiya epamusoro achifambisa simba shoma asi anowedzera kumhanya kana mota ichifamba nekukurumidza.

Magearbox anozivikanwawo sekutumira nekuti anotamisa simba kubva muinjini kuenda kumavhiri. Kutapurirana ingangove izwi rakanakisa nekuti haasi ese ekufambisa ane magiya, asi muUK izwi rekuti "giya bhokisi" rinowanzo kubata-ese nguva.

Otomatiki kutapurirana selector muBMW 5 Series

Bhuku rekufambisa rakasiyana sei kubva kune otomatiki?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana uchityaira mota ine manual transmission, unofanirwa kushandura magiya nemaoko, uye otomatiki transmission inochinja magiya, zvakanaka, otomatiki sezvinodiwa.

Pamotokari ine chinyorwa chekufambisa, iyo clutch pedal kuruboshwe, iyo inofanira kunge yakaora mwoyo, inobvisa injini uye kutumira kuitira kuti iwe ugone kufambisa lever yekuchinja uye sarudza rimwe giya. Mota yeautomatic transmission haina clutch pedal, ingori shift yaunoisa muDrive or Reverse sezvinodiwa, kana muPark paunoda kumira, kana kupinda Neutral paunenge usingadi kusarudza chero magiya ( kana , semuenzaniso, mota inoda kudhonzwa).

Kana rezinesi rako rekutyaira richingoshanda pamotokari yeautomatic transmission, haubvumidzwe kutyaira mota ine clutch pedal. Kana uine rezinesi rekutyaira rine mawoko, unokwanisa kutyaira mota ine manual kana automatic transmission.

Zvino zvatatsanangura kuti otomatiki kutapurirana chii uye kuti ndeyei, ngatitarisei mhando huru.

Manual transmission lever muFord Fiesta

Idzo mota dzakanakisa dzine automatic transmission

Dzakanyanya kushandiswa mota diki dzine otomatiki kutapurirana

Mota dzine makanika uye otomatiki: chii chekutenga?

Kutumira otomatiki ne torque converter

Torque converters ndeimwe yeakajairika marudzi e otomatiki transmissions. Vanoshandisa hydraulics kushandura magiya, zvichikonzera kushanduka kwakatsetseka. Iwo haasi iwo akanyanya hupfumi emaotomatiki, kunyangwe ari nani kupfuura nakare, muchikamu nekuti automaker vakawedzera mamwe magiya ekuvandudza kugona.

Torque converter transmissions inowanzova nemagiya matanhatu kusvika gumi, zvichienderana nemota. Vanowanzo kuve vakashongedzerwa kune mamwe mota dzeumbozha uye dzine simba nekuda kwekukwira kwavo kwakanaka uye simba remuviri. Vazhinji vanogadzira mota vanopa zviratidzo zvavo - Audi inodaidza kuti Tiptronic, BMW inoshandisa Steptronic, uye Mercedes-Benz inoshandisa G-Tronic.

Nenzira, torque isimba rekutenderera, uye rakasiyana nesimba, iro rinowanzonzi bhiza munyika yemotokari. Kupa mufananidzo wakapfava we torque maringe nesimba, torque ndiko kuoma kwaungaite kuchovha bhasikoro uye simba ndiko kukurumidza kwaunokwanisa kuchovha.

Torque inoshandura otomatiki kutapurirana sarudzo muJaguar XF

automatic transmission variator

CVT inomirira "Continuously Variable Transmission". Mamwe marudzi mazhinji ekufambisa anoshandisa magiya pachinzvimbo chegiya, asi maCVT ane nhevedzano yemabhandi nemakoni. Mabhandi anofamba achikwira nekudzika makoni sezvo kukurumidza kunowedzera uye kuderera, nguva dzose kuwana giya rinonyatsoshanda remamiriro ezvinhu. MaCVT haana magiya akaparadzana, kunyangwe vamwe vanogadzira mota vakagadzira masisitimu avo nemagiya akateedzerwa kuita kuti maitiro acho ave echinyakare.

Sei? Zvakanaka, mota dzine giya regiya reCVT dzinogona kunzwa kushamisa kutyaira nekuti ruzha rweinjini hachiwedzere kana kuderera kana uchichinja magiya. Panzvimbo pezvo, ruzha runopfuurira kukura sezvo sipidhi yacho inowedzera. Asi maCVT akatsetseka uye anogona kunyatso shanda - ese ma Toyota ne Lexus mahybrids anawo. Zviratidzo zvekutapurirana kweCVT zvinosanganisira Direct Shift (Toyota), Xtronic (Nissan), uye Lineartronic (Subaru).

CVT otomatiki kutapurirana selector muToyota Prius

Automated manual transmission

Mechanically, iwo akafanana neakajairwa bhuku rekufambisa, kunze kwekuti mota dzemagetsi dzinoita kuti clutch dzishande uye dzinoshandura magiya sezvinodiwa. Iko hakuna clutch pedal pano, uye sarudzo yegiya chete ndeye Dhiraivha kana Reverse.

Automated manual transmissions inodhura zvishoma pane mamwe marudzi ekutumira otomatiki uye anowanzo shandiswa mumotokari diki, dzisingadhure. Ivo zvakare vanonyanya kushanda nemafuta, asi kuchinjika kunogona kunzwa kudikitira. Mazita emhando anosanganisira ASG (Seat), AGS (Suzuki) uye Dualogic (Fiat).

Automated manual transmission selector muVolkswagen kumusoro!

Dual clutch automatic transmission

Kufanana neautomated manual transmission, dual clutch transmission inonyanya kufambiswa nemanyorero ine mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandura magiya kwauri. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, ine matinji maviri, nepo otomatiki bhuku rine imwe chete. 

Kunyangwe nemagetsi emagetsi achiita basa mune otomatiki bhuku rekufambisa, kushandura kunotora nguva yakati rebei, zvichisiya mukaha unooneka musimba reinjini pasi pekumhanyisa. Mune mbiri mbiri clutch kutapurirana, imwe clutch inobata giya razvino apo imwe yakagadzirira kuchinja mune inotevera. Izvi zvinoita shanduko nekukurumidza uye nyore, uye inovandudza kushanda kwemafuta. Smart software inogona kufanotaura kuti ndeipi giya raunonyanya kushandura mune rinotevera worimisa zvinoenderana.

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira DSG (Volkswagen), S tronic (Audi) uye PowerShift (Ford). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inongopfupikiswa seDCT (Dual Clutch Transmission). 

Dual clutch otomatiki transmission sector muVolkswagen Gorofu

Motokari yemagetsi automatic transmission

Kusiyana nepeturu kana dizeli injini, simba uye torque yemagetsi emagetsi anogara aripo, zvisinei nekumhanya kweinjini. Magetsi emagetsi zvakare madiki pane injini uye anogona kukwidzwa padyo nemavhiri. Saka mota zhinji dzemagetsi hadzidi giya bhokisi (kunyangwe dzimwe mota dzine simba chaizvo dzichida, izvo zvinovabatsira kusvika pakumhanya kwakanyanya). Mota dzemagetsi dzichine giya rekuisa kumberi kana kudzosera kumashure mafambiro, uye hadzina clutch pedal, saka dzinoiswa seautomatic. 

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti dzimwe motokari dzemagetsi dzine motokari yakasiyana yekudzokera shure, asi vamwe vanongoshandura motokari huru kumashure.

Motokari yemagetsi automatic transmission selector muVolkswagen ID.3

Iwe uchawana huwandu hwakawanda mota dzine automatic transmission dziripo kubva kuCazoo. Ingoshandisa basa rekutsvaga kuti uwane zvaunoda wobva wazvitenga zvachose online. Iwe unogona kuodha kuendeswa kumusuwo wako kana kutora mune iri pedyo Cazoo Mutengi Sevhisi Center.

Isu tiri kugara tichivandudza uye kuwedzera huwandu hwedu. Kana iwe usingakwanise kuwana chaiyo nhasi, zviri nyore. gadzira zviziviso zvekusimudzira kuve wekutanga kuziva kana tine mota dzinoenderana nezvido zvako.