Ndeapi matambudziko akajairika enjanji dizeli? [hutungamiri]

Kazhinji kazhinji muzvinyorwa nezve Common Rail diesel, izwi rekuti "zvakajairika malfunctions" rinoshandiswa. Izvi zvinorevei uye zvinorevei? Chii chandinofanira kutarisisa kana ndichitenga chero yakajairika njanji injini yedhiziri? 

Pakutanga, muchidimbu nezve dhizaini yeCommon Rail fuel system. Diesel yechinyakare ine mapombi maviri emafuta - yakaderera kudzvanywa uye inonzi. jekiseni, i.e. high pressure. Chete muTDI (PD) injini ndiyo pombi yejekiseni yakatsiviwa neinonzi. jekiseni pombi. Nekudaro, Common Rail chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose, chakareruka. Pane chete high pressure pump, iyo inounganidza mafuta akayamwa kubva mutangi kupinda mumutsara wemafuta / kugovera njanji (Common Rail), kubva iyo inopinda majekiseni. Sezvo majekiseni aya ane basa rimwe chete - kuvhura pane imwe nguva uye kwenguva yakati, ari nyore kwazvo (zvinoreva, nekuti mukuita iwo akanyanya kurongeka), saka anoshanda nemazvo uye nekukurumidza, izvo zvinoita kuti Common Rail injini dzedhiziri dziwedzere. economical.

Chii chinogona kukanganisa neinjini yedhiziri yenjanji?

Tangi remafuta - yatove mumajini edhiziri akareba ane mileage yakakwira (inowanzo wedzera refueling) mune zvakawanda zvinosvibisa mutangi izvo zvinogona kupinda mujekiseni pombi uye nozzles, uye nekudaro zvivhare. Kana pombi yemafuta ichivharwa, sawdust inoramba iri muhurongwa, iyo inoita senge tsvina, asi inotonyanya kuparadza. Dzimwe nguva mafuta anotonhorera anobviswawo (kugadziridza zvakachipa) nekuti ari kubuda.

Sefa yemafuta - yakasarudzwa zvisizvo, yakasvibiswa kana yakashata-yemhando inogona kukonzera matambudziko nekutanga, pamwe ne "zvisina kujairika" inodonha munjanji yemafuta, zvichiita kuti injini iende mune emergency mode.

Pombi yemafuta (high pressure) - kazhinji inongopera, zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvakashandiswa mukutanga Common Rail injini nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwevagadziri. Kutadza kusingaite kwekutanga kwepombi mushure mekutsiviwa kungave kuri nekuda kwekuvapo kwetsvina muhuni system.

Nozzles - ndiyo michina yakanyatsojeka muCommon Rail system uye naizvozvo inonyanya kukuvadzwa, semuenzaniso, semugumisiro wekushandiswa kwemafuta emhando yakaderera kana kusvibiswa kwatova muhurongwa. Ekutanga njanji masisitimu aive akashongedzerwa neakawanda asingavimbike, asi akapusa uye akachipa kudzoreredza majekiseni emagetsi. Zvitsva, piezoelectric zvakanyanyisa, zvakasimba, zvishoma netsaona, asi zvinodhura kudzorerazve, uye izvi hazviiti nguva dzose.

jekiseni njanji - zvinopesana nechitarisiko, inogona zvakare kuunza matambudziko, kunyangwe zvakaoma kuidaidza kuti chinhu chekutonga. Pamwe chete nepressure sensor uye valve, inoshanda zvakanyanya senge yekuchengetedza. Nehurombo, kana iri, semuenzaniso, pombi yakajairwa, tsvina inounganidzawo uye ine ngozi zvekuti iri pamberi pemanozzles akapfava. Naizvozvo, kana paine kumwe kuputsika, njanji uye mitsara yejekiseni inofanira kutsiviwa nemitsva. Kana mamwe matambudziko akaitika, chete kutsiva sensor kana valve kunobatsira.

kupinza machira - Mazhinji maCommon Rail injini dzedhiziri akashongedzerwa neanonzi swirl flaps anodzora kureba kwezviteshi zvekutora, izvo zvinofanirwa kukurudzira kupisa kwemusanganiswa zvichienderana nekumhanya kweinjini uye mutoro. Asi, mune mazhinji eaya masisitimu pane dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwekabhoni dampers, kuvharika kwavo, uye mune dzimwe injini inoputikawo uye inopinda muhuwandu hwekupinza pamberi pemavharuvhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, senge Fiat 1.9 JTD kana BMW 2.0di 3.0d zvikamu, izvi zvakaguma mukuparadzwa kweinjini.

Turbocharger - ichi ndicho chokwadi chimwe chezvinhu zvinosungirwa, kunyangwe zvisina hukama neCommon Rail system. Zvisinei, hapana injini yedhiziri ine CR isina supercharger, saka turbocharger uye zvikanganiso zvayo zvakare zvekare kana tichitaura pamusoro peinjini dzakadaro.

Mutengesi - Iyo yekuchaja mhepo inotonhorera sechikamu cheboost system inonyanya kukonzeresa matambudziko ekudonha. Muchiitiko chekutadza kwe turbocharger, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva iyo intercooler neimwe nyowani, kunyangwe vanhu vashoma vanoita izvi.

Dual mass vhiri - Chete madiki uye asina kusimba Common Rail dizeli injini dzine clutch isina mbiri-mavhiri vhiri. Ruzhinji rune mhinduro iyo nguva nenguva inokonzeresa matambudziko akadai sekudengenyeka kana ruzha.

Exhaust gasi yekuchenesa masisitimu -Early Common Rail madhiziri aingoshandisa EGR mavharuvhu. Ipapo kwakauya dizeli particulate mafirita DPF kana FAP, uye pakupedzisira, kutevedzera Euro 6 emission standard, zvakare NOx catalysts, i.e. SCR masisitimu. Mumwe nemumwe wavo ari kunetsekana nekuvharika kwezvinhu kubva kwaanofanirwa kuchenesa gasi rekuburitsa, pamwe nekutungamira kwekuchenesa maitiro. Panyaya yeDPF sefa, izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuwedzeredza dilution yeoiri yeinjini nemafuta, uye pakupedzisira kune jamming yemagetsi unit.