Chii chinonzi antifreeze hachizoviri uye kuomesa

Imwe bvunzo yemotokari inotonhorera, yatakaronga pakupera kwechando ichi, yakaratidza zvakare kuti mamiriro nechikamu ichi chezvigadzirwa mumusika wedu haataridzike. Mukana wekutora yakaderera-mhando antifreeze wakakwira zvinorwadza ...

Dambudziko rekuvapo pamusika wehuwandu hwemhando yakaderera antifreeze yakaonekwa makore mashoma apfuura, apo ini nevandinoshanda navo kubva kune mamwe mabhuku emotokari uye ini takaita bvunzo yakazara yeantifreezes. Mhedzisiro yaro yakaratidza kuti chikamu chakakosha chemasampuli akaedzwa panguva iyoyo haana kusangana neakaziviswa maitiro. Hukuru hwedambudziko hunowedzerwa nenyaya yekuti mota inotonhorera inodyiwa inodyiwa iri mukudiwa kwakagadzikana. Uye zvinoshamisa here kuti nhasi ruzhinji rwezvinotonhorera, zvakasiyana maererano nemaitiro avo ekushanda, anomiririrwa nemhando dzepamba nekunze, anoyerera muchikamu chinodiwa chemusika. Kune akawanda awo, asi haasi ese akakodzera kushandiswa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anowedzera kukwidziridzwa nenyaya yekuti Russia haisati yatora mutemo wehunyanzvi unofanirwa kurongedza zvinotonhorera uye kumisikidza paramita, pamwe nekuumbwa uye kushanda kwezvikamu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira kwavo. Gwaro rega remutemo rine chekuita nemaantifreezes (kureva, kutonhora-kutonhora kwakadzika) rinoramba riri rekare GOST 28084-89, iyo yakagamuchirwa kare mumazuva eSoviet Union. Nenzira, zviga zvegwaro iri zvinoshanda chete kune zvinwiwa zvakagadzirwa pahwaro hwe ethylene glycol (MEG).

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anosunungura maoko evagadziri vasina kutendeseka avo, mukutsvaka purofiti, vanowanzoshandisa zvinhu zvakaderera, uye kazhinji zvinongova zvinhu zvine ngozi. Chirongwa chiri pano ndeichi: vanamuzvinabhizinesi vanogadzira yavo inotonhorera resipi kubva kuzvinhu zvakachipa uye vanoidhirowa muchimiro cheimwe tekinoroji yakatarwa (TU), vobva vatanga kumisa-muviri chigadzirwa chavo.

Imwe yedzakanyanya kusarudzwa sarudzo ye "antifreeze" bodyagi ndeye kushandiswa kweanotsiva musanganiswa unosanganisira yakachipa glycerin uye yakaenzana yakachipa methanol pane inodhura MEG. Zvose zviri zviviri izvi zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kune inotonhora system. Saka, semuenzaniso, glycerin inobatsira mukukura kwekuita ngura, kunyanya mumatanho ekutonhodza evhavhavhavhavha, ine yakakwira viscosity (iyo inodarika makumi emakumi emazana kupfuura ethylene glycol) uye kuwedzera density, izvo zvinotungamira kukurumidza. pombi kupfeka. Nenzira, kuitira kuti neimwe nzira ideredze viscosity uye density yeinotonhorera, mafemu anowedzera chimwe chinhu chinokuvadza kwairi - methanol.

Doro iri, tinorangarira, nderechikamu chechepfu yehunyanzvi. Kushandiswa kwaro mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekushandisa zvakanyanya kunorambidzwa nemutemo, kutyora kwekutyisidzira nekurangwa kwakanyanya kwekutonga. Zvisinei, ichi ndicho chimwe chete, chikamu chemutemo. Kushandiswa kwemethyl doro mumhepo yekutonhora zvakare hakugamuchirwe nehunyanzvi, sezvo methanol inongodzima zvikamu zvayo nemagungano. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mhinduro ine mvura ye methyl doro pakupisa kwe50 ° C uye pamusoro inotanga kushamwaridzana nealuminium uye aluminium alloys, ichiparadza. Chiyero chekudyidzana kwakadaro chakanyanya uye hachienzaniswi neyakajairwa mwero wekuora kwesimbi. Chemist vanodana iyi maitiro etching, uye iri izwi rinotaura pacharo.

Asi ichi chinongova chikamu chezvinetso izvo "methanol" antifreeze inogadzira. Chigadzirwa chakadaro chine nzvimbo yakaderera yekubikira (inenge 64 ° C), saka methanol inoputika zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kudunhu rinotonhora. Nekuda kweizvozvo, inotonhorera inoramba iripo, iyo tembiricha ma paramita ayo asingatomboenderane neinodiwa maparamita ejini. Muzhizha, mumamiriro okunze anopisa, mvura yakadaro inovira nokukurumidza, ichigadzira mapulagi munharaunda yekutenderera, izvo zvinotungamirira pakupisa kwemotokari. Munguva yechando, mukutonhora, inogona kungoshanduka kuita ice uye kudzima pombi. Maererano nenyanzvi, zvimwe zvikamu zvezvikamu zvekutonhora kwegadziriro, semuenzaniso, zviputi zvepombi yemvura, izvo zvakare zvinoiswa pasi pemitoro yakakura, zvinoparadzwa ne methanol-glycerin antifreeze munenge mwaka mumwe chete.

Ndicho chikonzero bvunzo yemazuva ano, iyo yakarongeka pamwe chete neruzivo uye analytical portal "Avtoparad", chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive chekuona zvigadzirwa zvisingaite zvine methyl doro. Kuti tiedze, takasarudza takatenga gumi nemaviri emhando dzakasiyana dzeantifreezes uye antifreezes, izvo zvakatengwa pazviteshi zvepeturu, guta guru uye misika yemotokari yedunhu reMoscow, pamwe nekutengesa mota. Mabhodhoro ese ane zvinotonhorera akabva aendeswa kune imwe yekuyedza marabhoritari ye25th State Research Institute yeMinistry of Defense yeRussian Federation, iyo nyanzvi dzakaitisa zvidzidzo zvese zvinodiwa.

Antifreezes iwe haufanirwe kutenga

Kutaura pachena, mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yebvunzo dzechigadzirwa dzinoitwa kumasangano ekutsvagisa hazvikurudzire tarisiro. Zvitongere wega: kubva pazvinwiwa gumi nezviviri zvakatengwa nesu kuti tiedze, methanol yakaonekwa mumatanhatu (uye iyi hafu yemasampuli), uye muhuwandu hwakakura (kusvika 12%). Ichi chokwadi chinoratidza zvakare kuoma kwedambudziko rine chekuita nenjodzi yekuwana ine njodzi uye yakaderera-mhando antifreeze mumusika wedu. Pakati pevakapinda bvunzo, izvi zvinosanganisira: Alaska Tosol -18 (Tektron), Antifreeze OZH-40 (Volga-Mafuta), Pilots Antifreeze Green Line -40 (Streksten), Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G40 uye Antifreeze OZH-12 (ese ari maviri anogadzirwa ne Promsintez), pamwe neAntifreeze A-40M Northern Standard (NPO Organic-Progress).

Kudzokera zvakananga kumhedzisiro yebvunzo, tinoona kuti tembiricha zviratidzo zve "methanol" zvinotonhorera hazvimirire kushoropodzwa. Saka, nzvimbo yavo yekubikira, iyo, maererano nechikamu 4.5 cheTU 6-57-95-96, haifaniri kuwira pasi pe +108 madhigirii, chaizvoizvo ndeye 90-97 madhigirii, iyo yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura nzvimbo yekubikira yemvura yakajairika. Mune mamwe mazwi, mukana wekuti mota ine chero yeaya matanhatu antifreeze inogona kufashaira (kunyanya muzhizha) yakakura kwazvo. Mamiriro acho haasi nani nekushisa kwekutanga kwekristallilization. Anenge ese masampuli ane methanol haamirire 40-degree chando chakapihwa neindasitiri chiyero, uye iyo Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 sample yakambooma nechando pa -30°C. Panguva imwecheteyo, vamwe vanogadzira zvinotonhorera, vasina kana tsinga yehana, vanoratidza pane zvinyorwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zveAudi, BMW, Volkswagen, Opel, Toyota, Volvo ...

 

Antifreezes inosangana nezvinodiwa nevagadziri vemotokari

Zvino ngatitaure nezve emhando yepamusoro inotonhorera, ayo maparamita ari zvizere mukati mezviyero. Mhedzisiro yakanakisa muyedzo yakaratidzwa nevagadziri vese vakuru veantifreeze, vese vekuRussia nekune dzimwe nyika. Aya ndiwo mazita emhando dzepamba dzakadai seCoolStream (Technoform, Klimovsk), Sintec (Obninskorgsintez, Obninsk), Felix (Tosol-Sintez-Invest, Dzerzhinsk), Niagara (Niagara, Nizhny Novgorod). Kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvekunze, mhando Liqui Moly (Germany) uye Bardahl (Belgium) vakapinda muyedzo. Vanewo migumisiro yakanaka. Yese yakanyorwa antifreezes inogadzirwa pahwaro hweMEG, iyo inonyanya kutarisisa kunaka kwekuita kwavo. Kunyanya, dzinenge dzese dzine muganho wakakura zvese maererano nekudzivirira kwechando uye yekubikira.

Sintec Premium G12 + antifreeze

Maererano nemigumisiro yekuedzwa kwemazuva ano, Sintec Premium G12 + antifreeze ine yakanaka yechando inodzivirira margin - the crystallization tembiricha iri -42 C panzvimbo ye-standard -40 C. Chigadzirwa chacho chinogadzirwa neObninskorgsintez maererano neazvino organic synthesis teknolojia kubva. yepamusoro-giredhi ethylene glycol uye pasuru inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yezvinowedzera zvinoshanda. Kutenda kune yekupedzisira, Sintec Premium G12+ antifreeze inoshivirira kuramba corrosion uye haigadziri madhipoziti mukati meiyo inotonhorera system. Mukuwedzera, ine zvinobudirira zvekuzora zvinhu zvinowedzera hupenyu hwepombi yemvura. Antifreeze ine mvumo kubva kune vanoverengeka vanozivikanwa vanogadzira mota (Volkswagen, MAN, FUZO KAMAZ Trucks Rus) uye inokurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe mumotokari dzevatakuri dzekugadzirwa kwemukati nekune dzimwe nyika, marori nedzimwe mota dzine epakati uye akasimba ekushanda mamiriro. Inofungidzirwa mutengo we1 litre - 120 rubles.

 

Liqui Moly yenguva refu radiator antifreeze GTL 12 Plus

Yakatorwa kunze inotonhorera Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus yakagadziridzwa nekambani yeGerman Liqui Moly, ine ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana emotokari tekinoroji mvura nemafuta. Chigadzirwa chacho ndechekutanga kuumbwa kwechizvarwa chitsva, chakagadzirwa uchishandisa monoethylene glycol uye yepamusoro-tech pasuru yezvakakosha zvinowedzera zvichibva pane organic carboxylic acid. Sekuratidzwa kwatakaitwa nezvidzidzo zvedu, iyi antifreeze ine tembiricha yakanakisa kuita, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka kweiyo yekutonhodza system mumhando kubva -45 ° C kusvika +110 ° C. Sezvo vanogadzira ivo pachavo vanocherekedza, antifreeze inonyatso kupikisa electrochemical corrosion yesimbi, pamwe nepamusoro-tembiricha corrosion yealuminium alloys. Iyo inotonhorera yakaedzwa kakawanda nevanotungamira automaker pasi rose, zvichikonzera kubvumidzwa kubva kuAudi, BMW, DaimlerCrysler, Ford, Porsche, Seat, Skoda. Isu tinocherechedzawo kuti Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus yakasanganiswa neyakajairwa G12 antifreezes (inowanzo pendi tsvuku), pamwe neyakajairwa G11 antifreezes. Iyo yakakurudzirwa yekutsiva nguva ndeye makore mashanu. Inofungidzirwa mutengo we5 litre - 1 rubles.

CoolStream default

CoolStream Standard carboxylate antifreeze inogadzirwa neTechnoform, imwe yevanotungamira muRussia vagadziri vemotokari inotonhorera. Iyo ethylene glycol-based multi-purpose green inotonhorera ine Organic Acid Technology (OAT) carboxylate tekinoroji. Yakagadzirwa kubva kuArteco (Belgium) Corrosion Inhibitor BSB uye ikopi chaiyo (rebrand) yeAntifreeze BS-Coolant. Chigadzirwa chacho chakagadzirirwa kutonhodza masisitimu emazuva ano peturu uye dizeli injini dzekunze uye dzepamba. Iyo ine zvekuwedzera kubva kuArteco (Belgium), mubatanidzwa pakati peChevron neTotal, inova vimbiso yemhando yeese CoolStream carboxylate antifreezes. Zvakwana kutaura kuti CoolStream Standard inosangana nezviyero zviviri zvepasi rose: American ASTM D3306 neBritish BS 6580, uye hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi hunosvika 150 km pasina kutsiva. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yerabhoritari, bhenji uye yegungwa kuyedzwa kweCoolStream Standard antifreeze, mvumo yepamutemo uye mvumo yekushandiswa kubva kuAVTOVAZ, UAZ, KamAZ, GAZ, LiAZ, MAZ uye akati wandei mamwe mafekitori emotokari eRussia agamuchirwa.

Felix Carbox G12

Felix Carbox inotonhorera chizvarwa chitsva chemukati carboxylate antifreeze. Zvinoenderana neiyo VW classification, inoenderana nekirasi G12 + organic antifreeze. Munguva yekuedzwa, chigadzirwa chakaratidza chimwe chezvakanakisa mhedzisiro maererano nechando kuramba (inomira yakadzika tembiricha kusvika -44 madhigirii). Ziva kuti Felix Carbox akapasa kutenderera kuzere kwebvunzo muAmerican tsvakurudzo nzvimbo ABIC Testing Laboratories, iyo yakasimbisa kutevedza kwayo kuzere nemitemo yepasi rose ASTM D 3306, ASTM D 4985, ASTM D 6210, iyo inodzora zvinodikanwa zvehunyanzvi hunhu uye mhando ye coolants. Parizvino, chigadzirwa chine mvumo kubva kune akati wandei ekunze pamwe neanogadzira mota epamba, kusanganisira AvtoVAZ uye KAMAZ, GAZ, YaMZ uye TRM.

Felix Carbox inogadzirwa kubva kugiredhi giredhi monoethylene glycol, yakanyatso kugadzirirwa yakachena yakachena demineralized mvura uye yakasarudzika carboxylic acid yekuwedzera pasuru. Kushandiswa kweantifreeze kunopa yakawedzera mileage kusvika kutsiva kwayo kunotevera (kusvika 250 km), chero chigadzirwa chisina kusanganiswa nemamwe mabhureki ezvinotonhorera.

Niagara RED G12+

Niagara RED G12+ antifreeze chizvarwa chitsva chinotonhorera chakagadzirwa neNiagara PKF nyanzvi. Chigadzirwa chacho chakagadzirwa uchishandisa yakasarudzika Yakawedzerwa Hupenyu Inotonhorera Tekinoroji carboxylate tekinoroji, chimwe chezvakakosha zvimiro icho kugona kuumba dhavi redziviriro munzvimbo dzinotanga kuita ngura. Iyi mhando yeantifreeze inoipa iyo yakawedzera kutsiva nguva (kusvika kumakore mashanu ekushanda mushure mekuzadza iyo yekutonhora system kana 5 km yekumhanya). Isu tinocherekedza zvakare kuti iyo Niagara RED G250 + inotonhorera yakapfuura kutenderera kuzere kwebvunzo dzekuteedzera zviyero zvepasi rose ASTM D000, ASTM D12 muABIC Testing Laboratories, USA. Mukuwedzera, iyo antifreeze ine mvumo yepamutemo yeAvtoVAZ, pamwe chete nemimwe michina yemotokari yeRussia, yekutanga kuwedzera refueling pane conveyor.

Munguva yekuedzwa, Niagara RED G12+ antifreeze yakaratidza yakakura (pakati pevamwe vatori vechikamu muyedzo) chando chekudzivirira margin (kusvika -46 ° C). Nezviratidziro zvekushisa zvakadaro, inotonhorera iyi inogona kushandiswa munenge matunhu ese eRussia. Chinhu chakasarudzika cheNiagara G12 Plus Red canister iri nyore kudzorera spout inoita kuti zvive nyore kuzadza mvura muinotonhora system. Inofungidzirwa mutengo we1 litre - 100 rubles.

Bardahl Universal Concentrate

Yepakutanga yeBelgian antifreeze concentrate inogadzirwa pahwaro hwe monoethylene glycol nekushandiswa kweyepamusoro-tech package ye carboxylate additives. Chinhu chinosiyanisa chechigadzirwa ichi ndechekuita kwayo - antifreeze yakavakirwa pairi inosanganiswa nechero rudzi rwe organic uye mineral inotonhorera, zvisinei nemuvara, kusanganisira antifreeze. Munguva yekuedzwa, chigadzirwa hachina kungosimbisa zvakaziviswa zviratidzo zvekushisa, asi zvakatozvivandudza zvishoma. Maererano nevamiriri vekambani yekuvandudza, antifreeze inonyatso kupikisa electrochemical corrosion yesimbi, pamwe nepamusoro-tembiricha corrosion yealuminium alloys. Iyo inotonhorera inokurudzirwa zvakare kune injini dzinoda yakagadziridzwa kupisa kupisa - inomhanyisa injini, injini dze turbocharged. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti Bardahl Universal Concentrate haina kwayakarerekera kune akasiyana simbi uye alloys, ingave ndarira, mhangura, alloy simbi, simbi yakakandwa kana aluminium. Antifreeze haina kukanganisa rabha uye zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zveiyo inotonhorera system. Kubva pakushanda mumasisitimu ekutonhodza emotokari dzinotakura vanhu dzinogona kusvika 250 km, uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakavimbiswa hunosvika makore mashanu. Mushoko, chigadzirwa chakakodzera. Inofungidzirwa mutengo we 000 litre ye concentrate - 5 rubles.

Saka, ndedzipi mhedziso dzinogona kutorwa kubva mumhedzisiro yebvunzo? Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti mumusika, mukuwedzera kune zvakanaka zvigadzirwa zveanozivikanwa mhando, kune akawanda ezvinhu zvinotonhorera zvemamwe mabhureki, uye kure nemhando yepamusoro. Saka kana usiri tech savvy, tevera mashoma akareruka mitemo. Kutanga, shandisa antifreeze inotenderwa nemugadziri wemota yako. Kana iwe usingakwanise kuwana chinotonhodza chakadaro - sarudza mhando imwechete yeantifreeze sezvainokurudzirwa kumota yako, asi inofanirwa kubvumidzwa nemamwe makambani emotokari. Uye usambotora izwi revatengesi vemotokari vachiratidzira "superantifreezes" yavo. Nenzira, hazvina kuoma zvakanyanya kutarisa kurongeka kweiyo yakaziviswa data. Kuti ujekese ruzivo pamusoro pekuwanikwa kwekushivirira, dzimwe nguva zvakakwana kutarisa bhuku rebasa, zvinyorwa zvemotokari, mawebhusaiti emafekitari emotokari uye vanogadzira antifreeze. Paunenge uchitenga, teerera kurongedza - pane mamwe mabhodhoro, vagadziri vanonamira iyo label "Haina glycerin" - kubvisa kusava nechokwadi nezvemhando yechigadzirwa chavo.

Nenzira, nokuda kwezvinetso zvose zvakataurwa pamusoro apa mujini yekutonhora kwejini inokonzerwa nekushandiswa kweglycerin-methanol antifreezes, nhasi zvinogoneka uye zvakakosha kuita zvikwereti kune vanogadzira. Pane zvikonzero zviri pamutemo zveizvi, kusanganisira izvo zvakagamuchirwa padanho repakati pehurumende. Yeuka kuti pakupera kwegore rapera, Bhodhi reEurasian Economic Commission (EEC), nechisarudzo chayo No. Special Fluids” (TR TS 162/030) . Zvinoenderana nechisarudzo ichi, kurambidzwa kwakasimba pane zviri mukati memethyl doro mune inotonhorera ichaunzwa - haifanirwe kudarika 2012%. Sarudzo iyi yatotanga kushanda, uye ikozvino chero muridzi wemotokari anogona kunyorera, nenzira yakatemwa nemutemo, kune nyika kutonga (kutarisa) mitumbi uye kuda muripo wekukuvadza kwepfuma kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvisingaenderane nehunyanzvi. mitemo. Gwaro reEurasian Economic Commission rinoshanda munharaunda yenyika shanu inhengo dzeEEC: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia neKyrgyzstan.