Kana ecology ichipesana nezviwanikwa zvinogoneka

Mapoka anorwira zvakatipoteredza nguva pfupi yadarika akatsoropodza bhanga reWorld Bank nechikwereti chakapihwa kuvaka dhamu reInga 3 parwizi rwunonzi Congo. Ndicho chimwe chikamu chechirongwa chikuru chemagetsi emagetsi chinopa nyika huru yeAfrica chikamu che90 chemagetsi ayo anodiwa (1).

1. Kuvakwa kweInga-1 hydroelectric power station muCongo, yakagadzwa muna 1971.

Vezvemamiriro ekunze vanoti ichaenda kumaguta makuru uye akapfuma chete. Pane kudaro, ivo vanokurudzira kuvakwa kwemamicro-kuisa kwakavakirwa pane solar panel. Iyi ingori nhanho imwe chete mukurwira kuenderera mberi kwenyika chiso chine simba chenyika.

Chinetso chacho, icho chimwe chinotapura Poland, kuwedzera kwoudzori hwenyika dzakabudirira munyika dzichiri kusimukira kupinda muunyanzvi hutsva hwemagetsi.

Haisi nyaya yekutonga chete maererano nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, asiwo nezvekumanikidza nyika dzine urombo kuti dzibve pane mamwe marudzi esimba anopa zvakanyanya kuburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi, kuenda kune imwe nyika. low carbon energy. Dzimwe nguva kukanganisika kunomuka mukurwira kweavo vane chikamu chehunyanzvi uye chikamu chezvematongerwo enyika.

The Breakthrough Institute muCalifornia, inozivikanwa nekusimudzira nzira dzesimba dzakachena, inotaura mumushumo we " Our High Energy Planet " kuti. Kusimudzira mapurazi ezuva uye mamwe marudzi esimba rinowanikwazve munyika dzechitatu pasi rese hakuna neo-colonial uye hazvina kunaka nekuti zvinokonzeresa kumisa kusimukira kwenyika dzine urombo muzita rekuda kwezvakatipoteredza.

Nyika Yechitatu: Low-Tech Proposal

2. Chiedza chegiravhiti

Low kabhoni simba kugadzirwa kwesimba uchishandisa matekinoroji uye maitiro anoderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide.

Izvi zvinosanganisira mhepo, solar nehydropower - zvichibva pakuvakwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi emvura, simba regeothermal pamwe nekuisirwa pachishandiswa masaisai emugungwa.

Simba renyukireya rinoonekwa seyakaderera-kabhoni kazhinji, asi inopokana nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo mafuta enyukireya asingadzokerike.

Kunyangwe fossil mafuta ekupisa matekinoroji anogona kunzi akaderera kabhoni, chero akasanganiswa ne CO2 kuderedza uye/kana nzira dzekutora.

Nyika dzechitatu dzepasi rose dzinowanzo kupihwa tekinoroji "minimalist" magetsi ekugadzirisa izvo zvinogadzira simba rakachenaasi pane micro scale. Izvi, semuenzaniso, dhizaini yeGravityLight (2), iyo yaive nechinangwa chekuvhenekera nzvimbo dziri kure dzeNyika Yetatu.

Mutengo kubva pa30 kusvika ku45 zloty pachidimbu. GravityLight inorembera kubva padenga. Tambo inorembera kubva pachigadzirwa, iyo yakasungirirwa bhegi rakazadzwa nemakirogiramu mapfumbamwe evhu nematombo. Sezvo ichidzika, ballast inotenderera giya mukati meGravityLight.

Inoshandura yakaderera kumhanya kusvika pakakwirira kuburikidza negiya bhokisi - inokwana kutyaira jenareta diki pa1500 kusvika 2000 rpm. Jenareta inoburitsa magetsi anotungidza mwenje. Kuti uchengetedze mutengo wakaderera, zvikamu zvizhinji zvechigadzirwa chacho zvakagadzirwa nepurasitiki.

Imwe yekudzikisa bhegi ye ballast yakakwana kwehafu yeawa yechiedza. Imwe pfungwa ane simba uye ane hutsanana kune chimbuzi chezuva chenyika dzechitatu. Dhizaini yeSol-Char (3) modhi haina chero rutsigiro. Vanyori, boka reReinvent the Toilet, vakabatsirwa naBill Gates pachake uye nheyo yake, inotungamirirwa nemudzimai wake Melinda.

Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi chaive chekugadzira “chimbuzi chisina mvura, chine hutsanana chisingade kugezwa netsvina” isingadarike masendi mashanu pazuva. Iyo prototype inoshandura tsvina kuita mafuta. Sol-Char system inodzipisa kusvika pa5°C. Tsime resimba rinodikanwa nokuda kweizvi izuva. Mhedzisiro yemaitiro acho chinhu chakakora, chakaita semarasha chinogona kushandiswa sehuni kana fetiraiza.

Vagadziri vekugadzira vanosimbisa maitiro ayo ehutsanana. Zvinonzi vana vanosvika miriyoni nemazana mashanu vanofa gore rega rega pasi rose nekuda kwekutadza kubata zvakanaka tsvina yevanhu. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti mudziyo wacho wakatangwa muNew Delhi, India, uko dambudziko iri, semuIndia yese, rakanyanya kuoma.

Atomu inogona kunge yakakura, asi...

Zvichakadaro, magazini yeNewScientist inotora mashoko David Ockwell weYunivhesiti yeSussex. Panguva yemusangano uchangoburwa muUK, akapa vakawanda se300 4 vanhu kekutanga. dzimba muKenya dzakashongedzerwa solar panel (XNUMX).

4. Solar panel padenga reimba muKenya.

Zvadaro, zvisinei, akabvuma mubvunzurudzo kuti simba rinobva kune iyi rinokwana kuti ... kubhadharisa foni, simba magirobhu akawanda emhuri uye, zvichida, kuvhura redhiyo, asi mvura inofashaira muketero inoramba isingasviki kune vashandisi. . . Ehe, maKenya angade kubatanidzwa kune yakajairika magetsi grid.

Isu tinowedzera kunzwa kuti vanhu vatove varombo kupfuura vekuEurope kana vekuAmerica havafanirwe kutakura mutoro wemitengo yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti matekinoroji ekugadzira simba senge hydroelectric magetsi zvidyarwa kana simba renyukireya zvakare low carbon. Nekudaro, masangano ezvemamiriro ekunze uye vanorwira kodzero havafarire nzira idzi uye vari kuratidzira vachipokana nemareactors nemadhamu munyika dzakawanda.

Ehezve, kwete chete varatidziri, asiwo vanotonhora-vanoongorora vane kusava nechokwadi nezveatomu uye pfungwa yehupfumi yekugadzira yakakura hydroelectric zvivako. Bent Flyvbjerg yeOxford University nguva pfupi yadarika yakaburitsa ongororo yakadzama yemapurojekiti mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemana emagetsi emagetsi pakati pa234 na1934.

Zvinoratidza kuti inenge mari yese yakapfuura mari yakarongwa kaviri, yakaiswa mukushanda makore mushure menguva yekupedzisira uye yakanga isina kuenzana mune zvehupfumi, isingadzore mari yekuvaka kana ichisvika zvakakwana. Mukuwedzera, pane imwe nzira - iyo yakakura purojekiti, iyo yakawanda yemari "matambudziko".

Nekudaro, dambudziko guru muchikamu chesimba marara uye nyaya yekuraswa kwayo kwakachengeteka uye kuchengetedza. Uye kunyangwe tsaona pazvicherwa zvemagetsi enyukireya zvikaitika kashoma, muenzaniso weJapan Fukushima unoratidza kuoma kwazvakaita kubata nezvinomuka panguva yetsaona yakadai, izvo zvinoyerera kubva kune mareactor uye zvino zvinoramba zviri munzvimbo kana munzvimbo, kana iyo huru. ma alarm aenda. akadzimwa...