Maairbag ekutanga emota akaonekwa rinhi uye akaagadzira ndiani
Zviri mukati
Nhoroondo yekushandisa yakatanga muna 1971, Ford payakavaka cushion park pakaitwa bvunzo dzekuparara. Pashure pemakore maviri, General Motors akaedza kugadzirwa paChevrolet 2, iyo yakatengeswa kuvashandi vehurumende. Saka Oldsmobile Tornado yakava mota yekutanga ine mutyairi airbag sarudzo.
Kubva panguva iyo pfungwa yekutanga yakaberekwa kusvika pakuonekwa kweairbags pamotokari, makore makumi mashanu akapfuura, uye shure kwaizvozvo zvakatora nyika mamwe makore makumi maviri kuti ione kushanda uye kukosha kwechigadzirwa ichi.
Ndiani akauya naye
Yekutanga "air bag" yakagadzirwa navanachiremba vemazino Arthur Parrott naHarold Round muma1910. Vanachiremba vakarapa vanhu vakanga vawirwa neHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, vachiona zvakazoitika mukurwisana uku.
Chigadzirwa chacho, sezvakaumbwa nevasiki, chakadzivirira kukuvara kweshaya, chakaiswa mumotokari uye ndege. Chikumbiro chemvumo chakaiswa munaNovember 22, 1919, iro gwaro pacharo rakagamuchirwa muna 1920.
Plaque inorangarira Round uye Parrott's patent
Muna 1951, German Walter Linderer uye American John Hedrick vakanyorera patent ye airbag. Vose vakagamuchira gwaro muna 1953. Kugadzirwa kwaWalter Linderer kwakazadzwa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa pakurova bumper yemotokari kana kuti painobatidzwa nemaoko.
Nhoroondo yeiyo prototype
Kuverengera kwakatanga muna 1950, apo injiniya wekuAmerica, John Hetrick, akashanda muuto remauto reUS Navy, akaita tsaona nemukadzi wake nemwanasikana. Mhuri iyi haina kukuvara zvakanyanya, asi chiitiko ichi ndicho chakaita kuti patsvage mudziyo wekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kana pakaitika tsaona.
Achishandisa ruzivo rweinjiniya, Hetrick akauya neprototype yecushion yekudzivirira yemota. Magadzirirwo acho aive bhegi rinofefetera rakabatana necylinder yemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Chigadzirwa chacho chakaiswa mukati megumbo, pakati pe dashboard, pedyo negorofu compartment. Iyo yakagadzirwa yakashandisa chitubu chekuisa.
Prototype ye cushion inodzivirira yemota
Nheyo yacho ndeiyi: dhizaini inoona zvinokanganisa, inoita mavharuvhu mumhepo yakamanikidzwa cylinder, kubva kwainoenda mubhegi.
Kutanga kushandiswa mumotokari
Nhoroondo yekushandisa yakatanga muna 1971, Ford payakavaka cushion park pakaitwa bvunzo dzekuparara. Pashure pemakore maviri, General Motors akaedza kugadzirwa paChevrolet 2, iyo yakatengeswa kuvashandi vehurumende. Saka Oldsmobile Tornado yakava mota yekutanga ine mutyairi airbag sarudzo.
Oldsmobile Tornado
Muna 1975 na1976, Oldsmobile neBuick vakatanga kugadzira mapaneru ekumativi.
Sei pasina munhu aida kushandisa
Miedzo yekutanga yemapiro yakaratidza kuwedzera kwekupona pane dzimwe nguva. Huwandu hushoma hwevakafa hwakanga huchiri kunyorwa: matambudziko ekugadzira ane akatsikirirwa mhepo akasiyana mune dzimwe nguva akatungamira kurufu. Kunyangwe zvaive pachena kuti ma pluses akawanda kupfuura minuses, vagadziri, nyika nevatengi vakabvumirana kwenguva yakareba kana mapiro aidiwa.
Makore ekuma60s ne70s inguva apo nhamba yevakafa mutsaona dzemotokari muAmerica yaive chiuru chevanhu pasvondo. Airbags aiita sechinhu chepamberi, asi kushandiswa kwakapararira kwakakanganiswa nemafungiro kubva kune vanogadzira mota, vatengi, uye maitiro emusika. Ino inguva yekuitira hanya kuvaka mota dzinokurumidza uye dzakanaka idzo vechidiki vangada. Hapana aiva nehanya nokuchengeteka.
Gweta Ralph Nader uye bhuku rake "Kusina Kuchengetedzeka chero kumhanya"
Zvisinei, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akachinja nekufamba kwenguva. Gweta Ralph Nader akanyora bhuku "Kusina Kuchengetedzeka paChero Yekumhanya" muna 1965, achipomera vagadziri vemotokari nekuregeredza matekinoroji matsva ekuchengetedza. Vagadziri vakatenda kuti kuiswa kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza kwaizokanganisa chifananidzo pakati pevechidiki. Mari yemota yakwirawo. Vagadziri vakatodaidza kuti mapillow ane njodzi kune vafambi, izvo zvakasimbiswa nenhamba yezviitiko.
Kurwisana kwaRalph Nader nekambani yemotokari kwakatora nguva yakareba: makambani makuru akanga asingadi kupa. Mabhandi acho akanga asina kukwana kuti adzivirire, saka vagadziri vakaramba vachizvidza kushandiswa kwemapiro kuti zvinhu zvavo zvisanyanya kudhura.
Mabhindauko munhoroondo yebudiriro
Kubva kusikwa kwaAllen Breed kwe sensor system, inflation yebhegi yave shanduko huru. Muna 1964, mainjiniya wekuJapan Yasuzaburo Kobori akashandisa chinoputika-chidiki chekuwedzera kukwira kwemitengo. Pfungwa iyi yave kucherechedzwa pasi rose uye yakapihwa mvumo munyika gumi neina.
Allen Breed
Masensa aive kumwe kufambira mberi. Allen Breed akavandudza dhizaini yake nekugadzira mudziyo wemagetsi muna 1967: pamwe chete neinoputika-inoputika, nguva yekusimudzira yakaderedzwa kusvika makumi matatu ms.
Muna 1991, Breed, uyo atova nenhoroondo yakasimba yekuwana, akagadzira mapiro ane zvidimbu zviviri zvejira. Mudziyo wacho pawakapfura, wakawedzera, wobva wabudisa imwe gasi, uchiita kushomeka.
Kumwe kusimudzira kwakaenda munzira nhatu:
- kusikwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvaka: lateral, mberi, kwemabvi;
- kugadziridzwa kwema sensors anokubvumira kukurumidza kutumira chikumbiro uye kunyatsopindura kune zvakatipoteredza pesvedzero;
- kuvandudzwa kwepressurization uye inononoka kuvhuvhuta masisitimu.
Nhasi, vagadziri vanoramba vachivandudza activation, sensors, nezvimwewo, mukurwira kuderedza mukana wekukuvara munjodzi dzemumugwagwa.
