Redhiyo yemuchadenga inotepfenyura zvakanyanya uye inonakidza

Ivo vanouya kamwe kamwe, kubva kwakasiyana mativi muchadenga, iri cacophony yema frequency akawanda, uye inodimburwa mushure memamilliseconds mashoma. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvaitendwa kuti zviratidzo izvi hazvidzokorore. Nekudaro, makore mashoma apfuura, imwe yeFRB yakatyora mutemo uyu, uye nanhasi uchiri kuuya nguva nenguva. Sezvakashumwa Nature muna Ndira, yechipiri nyaya yakadaro yakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura.

Yakapfuura ichidzokorora nekukurumidza radio flash (FRB - ) inobva muboka renyeredzi diki riri muChariot renyeredzi, kureba kwemabhirioni matatu echiedza chemakore. Zvirinani tinofunga kudaro, nekuti nhungamiro chete inopiwa. Pamwe inotumirwa nechimwe chinhu chatisingaoni.

Mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa muNature, masayendisiti anoshuma kuti teresikopu yeredhiyo yeCanada CHIME (Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment) maredhiyo matsva gumi nematatu akanyoreswa, kusanganisira matanhatu kubva panzvimbo imwe mudenga. Kwadzinobva kunofungidzirwa kuva 1,5 bhiriyoni light-years kure, zvakapetwa kaviri padyo nenzvimbo yekutanga inodzokorora chiratidzo chakaburitswa.

Chishandiso chitsva - zvitsva zvakawanikwa

Yekutanga FRB yakawanikwa muna 2007, uye kubva ipapo takasimbisa huvepo hweanopfuura makumi mashanu masosi emafungiro akadaro. Ivo vanopedzisira milliseconds, asi simba ravo rinofananidzwa neiyo inogadzirwa neZuva mumwedzi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kusvika zviuru zvishanu kuputika kwakadaro kunosvika kuPasi zuva rega rega, asi isu hatikwanise kuzvinyora zvese, nekuti hazvizivikanwe kuti zvichaitika riini uye kupi.

Iyo CHIME teresikopu yeredhiyo yakagadzirirwa chaizvo kuona iyi mhando yezviitiko. Iri muMupata weOkanagan muBritish Columbia, ine mana mahombe semi-cylindrical antenna anoongorora denga rose rekuchamhembe mazuva ese. Pakati pezviratidzo gumi nematatu zvakanyorwa kubva munaChikunguru kusvika Gumiguru 2018, imwe ichibva kunzvimbo imwechete yakadzokororwa katanhatu. Vesainzi vakadaidza chiitiko ichi FRB 180814.J0422 + 73. Zviratidzo zvechiratidzo zvaive zvakafanana FRB121102iyo yakava yekutanga kuzivikanwa kwatiri kuzvidzokorora kubva panzvimbo imwe chete.

Sezvineiwo, iyo FRB muCHIME yakatanga kurekodhwa pamafrequency pane odha ye chete 400 MHz. Kuwanikwa kwekare kweredhiyo kuputika kwaiwanzoitwa pakakwirira, padyo neredhiyo frequency. 1,4 GHz. Kuonekwa kwakaitika pahupamhi hwe8 GHz, asi maFRB atinoziva haana kuoneka pama frequency ari pazasi 700 MHz - zvisinei nekuedza kwakawanda kuvaona pawavelength iyi.

Iwo akaonekwa mazhenje anosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe maererano ne kupararira kwenguva (kupararira kunoreva kuti sezvo kuwanda kwemafungu anogamuchirwa kunowedzera, zvikamu zvechiratidzo chimwechete chakarekodhwa pane mamwe ma frequency anosvika kumugamuchiri gare gare). Imwe yeFRBs itsva ine yakaderera kupararira kukosha, izvo zvinogona kureva kuti tsime rayo riri padyo nePasi (chiratidzo hachina kunyanya kupararira, saka chingadai chakauya kwatiri chinhambwe chipfupi). Mune imwe nyaya, iyo FRB yakaonekwa ine akawanda anoteedzana kuputika - uye kusvika parizvino tinoziva vashoma chete.

Pamwe chete, zvimiro zvemaflare ese ari mumuenzaniso mutsva anoita seanoratidza kuti anobva kumatunhu anoparadzira masaisai eredhiyo zvine simba kupfuura iyo inopararira interstellar medium iripo muMilky Way yedu. Zvisinei nekwavanobva, maFRB anogadzirwa nenzira iyi. pedyo nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwechinhusepakati pemakwara enzou anoshanda kana zvisaririra zvesupernova.

Vazivi venyeredzi vachakurumidza kuva nechishandiso chitsva chine simba chichave square mileage, i.e. network yeredhiyo teresikopu iri munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi redu, ine nzvimbo yakazara yeskweya kiromita. SKA ichave ine simba rakapetwa kamakumi mashanu kupfuura chero teresikopu yeredhiyo inozivikanwa, iyo inozoibvumira kunyoresa uye kunyatsodzidza kukurumidza kuputika kweredhiyo, uyezve kuona kunobva mwaranzi yavo. Chekutanga chekutarisa uchishandisa iyi system inofanira kuitika muna 2020.

Artificial intelligence yaona zvakawanda

MunaGunyana gore rapfuura, ruzivo rwakaonekwa rwekuti, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwenzira dzenjere dzekugadzira, zvakakwanisika kudzidza zvakadzama maredhiyo eredhiyo akatumirwa nechinhu chakataurwa FRB 121102 uye kuronga ruzivo nezvazvo.

Zvaive zvakakodzera kuongorora 400 terabytes yedata ye2017. Kuteerera data kubva Green Bank Telescope vakawana mapurusi matsva kubva kusinganzwisisike sosi yefrequency FRB 121102. Kare, vaipfuura nemaitiro akajairika. Sezvakataurwa nevatsvakurudzi, zviratidzo hazvina kuumba chimiro chenguva dzose.

Sechikamu chechirongwa, chidzidzo chitsva chakaitwa (mubatsiri wayo aive Stephen Hawking), chinangwa chacho ndechokudzidza zvinhu zvakasikwa. Kunyanya chaizvo, yaive pamusoro pematanho anotevera eiyo subproject, inotsanangurwa sekuyedza kutsvaga humbowo hwekuvapo kwehungwaru hwekunze. Iri kushandiswa pamwe chete ne SET(), chirongwa chesainzi chave chichizivikanwa kwemakore akawanda uye chiri kuita kutsvaga zviratidzo kubva kune dzimwe nyika.

Iyo SETI Institute pachayo inoshandisa Allen Telescopic Netkuyedza kuwana data mune yakakwira frequency siyana pane yakamboshandiswa mukutarisa. Midziyo mitsva yekuongorora yedhijitari yakarongerwa maobservatories inobvumira kutariswa uye kutariswa kwema frequency kuputika kusingakwanise kuona chimwe chiridzwa. Nyanzvi zhinji dzinoratidza kuti kuti ukwanise kutaura zvakawanda nezveFRB, unofanirwa kudaro zvimwe zvakawanda zvakawanwa. Kwete makumi, asi zviuru.

Imwe yenzvimbo dzeFRB masosi

Vatorwa havadi hazvo

Sezvo maFRB ekutanga akanyorwa, vaongorori vakaedza kuona zvikonzero zvavo. Kunyangwe mune fungidziro dzesainzi ngano, masayendisiti haasanganisire FRB nevekunze, vachizviona semhedzisiro yekudhumhana kwezvinhu zvine simba zvemuchadenga, semuenzaniso, maburi matema kana zvinhu zvinonzi magineti.

Pakazara, dzinenge gumi nembiri dzekufungidzira maererano nezvisinganzwisisike masaini zvinotozivikanwa.

Mumwe wavo anoti vakabva nekukurumidza kutenderera nyuturoni nyeredzi.

Imwe yacho ndeyekuti vanobva kune cosmic cataclysms senge supernova kuputika kana neutron star kuparara kumakomba matema.

Imwe inotsvaga tsananguro muzvinyorwa zvedenga zvinonzi flashers. Blitzar musiyano wenyeredzi inonzi neutron ine huremu hwakakwana kuti ishanduke kuita buri dema, asi izvi zvinodziviswa nesimba repakati rinouya kubva pakutenderera kwenyeredzi.

Iyo inotevera hypothesis, kunyangwe isiri yekupedzisira mune iyo rondedzero, inoratidza kuvepo kweanodaidzwa kubata mabhinari masisitimundiko kuti, nyeredzi mbiri dziri kutenderera dziri pedyo zvikuru.

FRB 121102 uye zviratidzo zvichangobva kuwanikwa FRB 180814.J0422+73, zvakagamuchirwa kakawanda kubva kunzvimbo imwe chete, zvinoratidzika kuti zvinobvisa chiitiko chimwe chete che cosmic zvakadai se supernovae kana neutron star collisions. Kune rimwe divi, panofanirwa kuve nechikonzero chimwe chete cheFRB? Zvichida zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinotumirwa semugumisiro wezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zviri kuitika muchadenga?

Chokwadika, hapana kushaikwa kwemirangariro yokuti budiriro yakasimukira yomuchadenga ndiyo manyuko ezviratidzo. Semuenzaniso, dzidziso yakatsanangurwa kuti FRB inogona kunge iri kubuda kubva kune vanotumira saizi yepasikugonesa interstellar probes mumakwara enzou ari kure. Matunhu akadaro anogona kushandiswa kufambisa maseiri emuchadenga. Simba raibatanidzwa raizokwana kutumira matani anosvika miriyoni emubhadharo munzvimbo. Kufungidzira kwakadaro kunoitwa, kusanganisira Manasvi Lingam anobva kuHarvard University.

Zvisinei, izvo zvinonzi musimboti webadza raOccamMaererano izvo, pakutsanangura zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, munhu anofanira kuedza kuva nyore. Isu tinoziva zvakanaka kuti redhiyo kubuda kunoperekedza zvinhu zvakawanda uye maitiro muUniverse. Isu hatifanirwe kutsvaga tsananguro dzekunze dzeFRBs, nekuda kwekuti hatisati tave kukwanisa kubatanidza kubuda uku nezviitiko zvinoonekwa kwatiri.