Kubudirira kweinjini yekupisa yemukati - isu tinoziva kugona mukuenzanisa

Pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda zvemaitiro akasiyana-siyana mumotokari, chinogadzirisa chinhu Kubudirira kweinjini yekupisa mukati. Kuti uwane kukosha kweiyi pfungwa, iwe unofanirwa kuziva chaizvo kuti chii chinonzi classic mukati combustion injini.

Kubudirira kweinjini yekupisa mukati - chii?

Chokutanga pane zvose, motokari inoshandura simba rinopisa rinoitika panguva yekupisa kwemafuta mune imwe chiyero chebasa remagetsi. Kusiyana nemainjini emhepo, injini idzi dzakareruka uye dzakasimba. Iwo akanyanya hupfumi uye anoshandisa zvakanyatsotsanangurwa mvura uye gasi mafuta. Nokudaro, kushanda kwemajini emazuva ano kunotarirwa zvichienderana neunyanzvi hwavo uye zvimwe zviratidzo.

Kubudirira (coefficient of performance) ndiyo chiyero chesimba rinoendeswa kune shaft injini kune simba rinogamuchirwa nepiston nekuda kwekuita kwemagasi.. Kana tikaenzanisa kushanda kweinjini dzesimba rakasiyana, tinogona kuona kuti kukosha uku kune imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo.

Kubudirira kweinjini kunoenderana nekurasikirwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemagetsi pamatanho akasiyana ekushanda. Iko kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekufamba kwezvikamu zvega zvemotokari uye kupesana kunoguma. Aya mapistoni, piston mhete uye akasiyana mabhengi. Izvi zvikamu zvinokonzeresa huwandu hukuru hwekurasikirwa, zvichiverengera ingangoita 65% yehuwandu hwavo. Mukuwedzera, kurasikirwa kunomuka kubva pakuita kwemaitiro akadai sepombi, magnetos uye mamwe, anogona kusvika kusvika 18%. Chikamu chiduku chekurasikirwa ndiko kupikisa kunoitika muhututi hwemafuta panguva yekutora uye kupera.

Nyanzvi maonero

Ruslan Konstantinov

Nyanzvi yemotokari. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kuIzhGTU anonzi M.T. Kalashnikov ane dhigirii muKushanda Kwekutakura uye Tekinoroji Machines uye Complexes. Anopfuura makore gumi ehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mota ruzivo.

Kurasikirwa kwekushanda kweinjini inopisa mukati, kunyanya peturu, yakakosha zvikuru. Nezvekusanganiswa kwemafuta emhepo, simba remambure rinoendeswa kune injini rinosvika 100%, asi mushure mokunge kurasikirwa kunotanga.

Zvizhinji zvezvose, kubudirira kunoderera nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekupisa. Chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinodziya zvinhu zvese zvehurongwa, kusanganisira inotonhorera, inotonhorera radiator uye hita, pamwe neizvi, kupisa kunorasika. Chikamu chinorasika pamwe chete nemagasi ekupedza. Paavhareji, kurasikirwa kwekupisa kunokwana kusvika 35% yekushanda, uye kushanda kwemafuta kune imwe 25%. Imwe 20% inobatwa nekurasikirwa kwemagetsi, i.e. pane zvinhu zvinogadzira friction (pistons, mhete, nezvimwewo). Mafuta einjini emhando yepamusoro anobatsira kuderedza kupokana, asi chinhu ichi hachigone kubviswa zvachose.

Zvichipa kushanda kwakaderera kwejini, zvinokwanisika kupa kurasikirwa zvakajeka, somuenzaniso, pahuwandu hwemafuta. Neavhareji yemafuta ekushandisa 10 litita pamakiromita zana, zvinotora chete 2-3 malita emafuta kuti apfuure chikamu ichi, chasara kurasikirwa. Injini yedhiziri ine kurasikirwa kushoma, pamwe neinjini yekupisa yemukati ine gasi-bharumu midziyo. Kana iyo nyaya yeinjini yepamusoro yakakosha, saka pane zvingasarudzwa zvine coefficient ye90%, asi idzi imotokari dzemagetsi uye mota dzine injini yehybrid. Sezvo mutemo, mutengo wavo wakawedzera uye nekuda kweiyo chaiyo yekushanda (nguva dzose recharging inodiwa uye kunhuhwirira kwekumhanya kunogumira), michina yakadaro haisati yave kushoma munyika yedu.

ICE Theory Crank Mechanism (Chikamu 1)

Kufananidza injini kunyatsoshanda - peturu uye dizeli

Kana tikaenzanisa kushanda kwepetroli uye injini yedhiziri, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti yekutanga haina kukwana uye inoshandura chete 25-30% yesimba rinogadzirwa kuita chiito chinobatsira. Semuenzaniso, kushanda kweiyo yakajairika injini yedhiziri kunosvika 40%, uye kushandiswa kweturbocharging uye intercooling kunowedzera iyi nhamba kusvika 50%.

Injini mbiri, zvisinei nekufanana kwekugadzira, dzine marudzi akasiyana ekugadzira musanganiswa. Naizvozvo, mapistoni einjini yecarburetor anoshanda patembiricha yakakwira, inoda kutonhora kwemhando yepamusoro. Nekuda kweizvi, simba rekupisa iro rinogona kushanduka kuita simba remagetsi rinoraswa pasina chimuko, zvichidzikisira kukosha kwese kwekuita.

Nekudaro, kuti uwedzere kushanda kweinjini yepeturu, mamwe matanho anotorwa. Semuenzaniso, mavharuvhu maviri ekutora uye ekupera anogona kuiswa pacylinder, pane imwe yekupinza uye imwe exhaust valve. Uye zvakare, mamwe mainjini ane yakasarudzika coil yekudzima kune yega yega spark plug. Throttle control mune dzakawanda zviitiko inoitwa nerubatsiro rwemagetsi drive, uye kwete neyakajairwa tambo.

Kuwedzera kweinjini simba chikamu-3 kuwedzera mukamuri yekupisa ye turbo injini.

Diesel injini kunyatsoshanda - inooneka kushanda zvakanaka

Diesel ndeimwe yemhando dzeinjini dzinopisa mukati, umo kupisa kwemusanganiswa unoshanda kunoitwa nekuda kwekumanikidza. Naizvozvo, mhepo inotsikirira muhumburumbira yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura yeinjini yepeturu. Kuenzanisa kushanda kweinjini yedhiziri nekushanda kwemamwe magadzirirwo, munhu anogona kuona kushanda kwayo kwakanyanya.

Muhupo hwekumhanya kwakaderera uye kusimuka kukuru, iyo indekisi inoshanda inogona kudarika 50%.

Kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune yakaderera kushandiswa kwemafuta edhiziri uye yakaderera yemukati yezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumagasi emhepo. Nokudaro, kukosha kwekushanda kwejini inopisa mukati kunoenderana zvachose nemhando yayo uye magadzirirwo. Mumotokari zhinji, kushanda kwakaderera kunodzikiswa nekuvandudzwa kwakasiyana siyana kuvandudza kuita kwese.

kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini dzegasi. Kushandiswa kwegasi mumainjini emazuva ano.