Kuputsika uye kumutsidzirwa kweAlbania VVS

Murwi aimhanyisa kwazvo wendege yemauto eAlbania aive maviri-mazhinji eChinese F-7A murwi, kopi yeRussia MiG-21F-13 (michina gumi nemiviri yakadaro yakatengwa).

Iyo yaimbova yakakura yeAlbanian Air Force yakave nekuvandudzwa kukuru mumakore gumi apfuura, pamwe nekudzikisira kwakanyanya. Nguva yejet kurwisa ndege, yakashongedzerwa zvakanyanya nemaChinese makopi endege dzeSoviet, yapera. Nhasi, Albania Air Force inoshandisa helicopter chete.

Iyo Albanian Air Force yakavambwa pa24 Kubvumbi 1951 uye yavo yekutanga airbase yakavambwa paTirana Airport. IU.SR yakaunza varwi gumi nevaviri Yak-12 (kusanganisira 9-seat-seat fightant Yak-11P uye 9-two-seat fight training Yak-1V) uye 9 kutaurirana ndege Po-4. Kudzidziswa kwevashandi kwakaitwa muYugoslavia. Muna 2, varairidzi vana veYak-1952 nevarairidzi vana veYak-4 vakaiswa mubasa. Muna 18, 4 Yak-11A yekudzidzira ndege ine kumberi-vhiri drive chassis yakawedzerwa kwavari. Muna 1953, mimwe michina gumi nemiviri yerudzi urwu yakagamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe.

Varwi vekutanga vakaendeswa kuAlbania muna Ndira-Kubvumbi 1955 kubva kuUSSR uye vaive nendege 26 MiG-15 bis kurwisa uye 4 UTI MiG-15 yekudzidzira kurwisa ndege. Dzimwe ndege sere UTI MiG-15 muna 1956 dzakagamuchirwa kubva kuCentral Soviet Socialist Republic (4 US-102) uye PRC (4 FT-2).

Muna 1962, Albanian Air Force yakagamuchira vasere veF-8 kubva kuChina, avo vaive kopi ine rezinesi yeSoviet MiG-5F varwi. Ivo vaisiyaniswa neinjini ine afterburner.

Muna 1957, iyo Il-14M yekutakura ndege, maviri kana matatu Mi-1 chiedza multi-chinangwa helikopta uye mana Mi-4 yepakati zvekufambisa zvikopokopo zvakanunurwa kubva kuUSSR, iyo yakaumba musimboti wekutakura ndege. Vaivewo maherikoputa ekutanga muAlbania Air Force. Mugore rimwe chetero, iyo Il-28 jet bomber yakaunzwa, iyo yakashandiswa senge tug yezvinangwa zvemhepo.

Muna 1971, dzimwe ndege nhatu dzekutakura dzeIl-3 dzakatumirwa (kusanganisira Il-14M uye Il-14P kubva kuGDR uye Il-14T kubva kuEgypt). Michina yese yerudzi urwu yakanyura panhandare yendege yeRinas. Paivewo nebhomba rakanangwa uye Il-14 tugboat.

Muna 1959, Albania yakagamuchira 12 MiG-19PM supersonic interceptors ine RP-2U radar yekuona uye yakashongedzerwa nemapfumo mana eRS-2US air-to-air inotungamirwa. Idzi dzaive ndege yekupedzisira kununurwa kubva kuUSSR, sezvo nguva pfupi mushure meizvozvo mutungamiri weAlbania Enver Hoxha akaputsa kubatana pakati penyika mbiri nekuda kwezvikonzero zvepfungwa.

Mushure mekubvisa kushamwaridzana neUSSR, Albania yakasimbisa kubatana nePRC, mukati mehurongwa hwekutengwa kwezvombo nemidziyo yemauto munyika ino. Muna 1962, 20 Nanchang PT-6 ndege yekudzidzira yakagamuchirwa kubva kuChina indasitiri, yaive makopi eChinese eSoviet Yak-18A ndege. Mugore rimwe chetero, China yakaunza 12 Shenyang F-5 fighters, i.e. MiG-17F fighters inogadzirwa pasi peSoviet rezinesi. Pamwe chete navo, 8 dzimwe ndege dzeFT-2 dzekudzidzira kurwisa dzakagamuchirwa.

Muna 1962, iyo Air Force Academy yakavambwa, iyo yaive nemakumi maviri ePT-20 ekutanga kudzidziswa ndege, gumi nembiri UTI MiG-6 yekurwa inodzidzisa ndege yakabviswa kubva kumberi mayuniti, uye 12 MiG-15bis ndege yekurwa yakawanikwa nenzira imwechete. Munzvimbo yavo mumutsara wekutanga, varwi gumi nevaviri veF-12 uye 15 FT-12 ndege dzekudzidzira kurwisa, dzakaunzwa panguva imwe chete kubva kuPRC, dzakaiswa pabasa. Vaive vakakamurwa kuita mauto maviri emhepo, ayo aive akamira panhandare yendege yeValona (chikwata chepiston ndege - PT-5 uye squadron yejet ndege - MiG-8 bis uye UTI MiG-2).

Imwe Chinese air delivery yakaitwa mu13-5 ye2 Harbin Y-1963 multi-purpose light aircraft, kopi ine rezinesi yeSoviet An-1964 ndege. Michina mitsva iyi yaiswa paTirana Airport.

Muna 1965, gumi nemaviri MiG-19PM interceptors akaendeswa kuPRC. Mukutsinhana, zvaive zvichikwanisika kutenga nhamba huru yevarwi veShenyang F-6, iyo yakanga iri kopi yeChinese yeSoviet MiG-19S fighter, asi pasina radar kuona uye inotungamirirwa nemhepo-kumhepo. Muna 1966-1971, varwi 66 F-6 vakawanikwa, kusanganisira makopi mana akagadzirirwa kuongororwa kwemifananidzo, iyo zvikwata zvitanhatu zvendege dzehondo dzakagadzirirwa. Zvino mumwe murwi akadaro akagamuchirwa semuripo wemuenzaniso wakarasika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi muna 1972, nekuda kwemhosva yemugadziri wepfuti dzakaremara. Pamwe chete navo, ndege 6 FT-5 yekudzidzira kurwa yakatengwa (kutumirwa kwakaitwa muna 1972), iyo yaive musanganiswa weF-5 murwi ane zvigaro zviviri zvechikwata cheFT-2 kudzidzira kurwisa ndege. Panguva imwecheteyo, imwe bhomba yeHarbin H-5, iyo yaiva kopi yeIl-28 bhomba, yakatengwawo kutsiva muchina wemhando iyi, yakawanikwa makore gumi nemashanu apfuura.

Kuwedzerwa kwehondo yejet ndege yeAlbania Air Force yakapedzwa pakati pe12s. Yekupedzisira kutengwa yaive 7 Chengdu F-1972A supersonic fighters (yakaunzwa muna 21), yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweSoviet MiG-13F-2 murwi uye ane zvombo zviviri zvePL-3 air-to-air inotungamirirwa. Vaive kopi yeSoviet infrared homing missile RS-9S, iyo yakazoteedzerwa mushure meAmerican AIM-XNUMXB Sidewinder missile.

Kubhururuka kwemauto eAlbania kwasvika pachimiro chezvikwata zvipfumbamwe zvendege dzehondo, dzinosanganisira matatu emuchadenga. Chiuto chakamira pamuzinda weLezha chaive nechikwata cheF-7A nezvikwata zviviri zveF-6, mauto aigara panhandare yendege yeKutsova aive nezvikwata zviviri zveF-6 neF-5, mauto eRinas aive nezvikwata zviviri zveF-6. uye MiG squadron -15 bis.

F-6 (MiG-19S) ndivo vaive varwi vepamusoro-soro muAlbania, asi vasati vatumirwa muna 1959, varwi gumi nevaviri veMiG-12PM vakaunzwa kubva kuUSSR, iyo muna 19 yakaendeswa kuPRC kuti ikope.

Muna 1967, mukuwedzera kune Mi-4 zvikopokopo zvekutakura zvakaunzwa kubva kuUSSR, Albania yakatenga 30 Harbin Z-5 helikopta kubva kuPRC, yaive kopi yekuChina yeMi-4 (vaive mushumiro nemauto matatu eAir Force) . mauto akamira paFark base). Kubhururuka kwekupedzisira kwemichina iyi kwakaitika munaNovember 26, 2003, mushure mezvo vakabviswa zviri pamutemo zuva raitevera. Vatatu vavo vakachengetwa munzvimbo inochengeterwa ndege kwenguva yakati.

Mukati memakore makumi manomwe ezana ramakore rapfuura, mauto eAalbania Air Force akasvika padanho repamusoro rezvikwata zvine ndege dzehondo dzehondo (1 x F-7A, 6 x F-6, 1 x F-5 uye 1 x MiG-15 bis. ) )

Kupera kwemaXNUMXs kwakakonzera kuparara kwehukama hweAlbania neChinese, uye kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, Albania Air Force yakatanga kunetseka nekuwedzera matambudziko, ichiedza kuchengetedza kugona kwehunyanzvi hwendege yayo padanho rakakodzera. Nekuda kwekuipa kuri kuita mamiriro ehupfumi munyika mumaXNUMXs uye kushomeka kwekushandisa pazvombo, mamiriro acho akawedzera kuoma.

Muna 1992, hurumende itsva yegutsaruzhinji yakasarudzwa, zvichigumisa nguva yemakomonisiti muAlbania. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kuvandudza mamiriro eAir Force, ayo akapona zvakanyanya nguva dzakaoma, kunyanya apo iyo Albania banking system yakadonha muna 1997. Munguva yekumukira kwakatevera, zvakawanda zvemidziyo nezvivakwa zveAlbanian Air Force zvakaparadzwa kana kukuvara. Ramangwana rakanga risina kujeka. Kuti ndege yemauto yeAlbania irarame, yaifanira kudzikiswa zvakanyanya uye kuitwa yechimanjemanje.

Muna 2002, Albania Air Force yakatanga chirongwa cheForce Objective 2010 (mafambiro ekuvandudza kusvika 2010), pasi pekugadzirisa kwakadzama kwezvikamu zviduku zvaifanira kuitwa. Huwandu hwevashandi hwaifanirwa kudzikiswa kubva pamazana mazana matatu nemazana mashanu evakuru nemasoja kusvika kunosvika vanhu zana nemakumi matanhatu. Mauto eMhepo aifanira kumisa jets dzese dzehondo, dzaizochengetwa muGyader, Kutsov neRinas, vaine tarisiro yekuvatsvagira mutengi. Mutyairi wendege wemauto ekuAlbania akapedza kubhururuka kwawo kwekupedzisira muna Zvita 3500, achipedza makore makumi mashanu ejeti dzehondo.

153 ndege dzakaiswa kutengeswa, dzinosanganisira: 11 MiG-15bis, 13 UTI MiG-15, 11 F-5, 65 F-6, 10 F-7A, 1 H-5, 31 Z-5, 3 Y- 5 uye 8 PT-6. Kunze kwaive kuchengetedza ndege 6 FT-5 yekudzidzira uye 8 PT-6 piston yekudzidzira ndege mune mothballed mamiriro. Dzaifanirwa kushandiswa kudzorera ndege dzendege dzendege nokukurumidza apo mamiriro ezvemari enyika achinja. Izvi zvaitarisirwa kuitika mushure megore ra2010. kutorwa kwevarwi makumi maviri nenhanhatu veTurkey F-26-5, izvo zvaizova nhanganyaya yekutorwa kwevarwi venguva yemberi veF-2000. Panyaya yeF-16A fighters, tarisiro yekutengeswa yairatidzika kuva yechokwadi, sezvo michina iyi yakanga ine nguva diki yekubhururuka inosvika maawa mazana mana. Zvina chete-zvakawanda-chinangwa chiedza Y-7s uye ina yekudzidzisa PT-400s yakaramba iri mubasa.

Kunyange purogiramu yokugadziridza isati yaziviswa, Albania yakashandisa zvikopokopo zvishomanene zvishoma. Muna 1991, helikopta yeBell 222UT yakatengwa kubva kuUnited States, iyo yakashandiswa kutakura hunhu hwakakosha. Zvinosuruvarisa, akafa mutsaona yaJuly 16, 2006, iyo yakauraya vanhu vatanhatu, vose vari muchikepe. Zvakare muna 1991, France yakapa matatu Aerospatiale AS.350B Ecureuil helicopters kuAlbania. Parizvino, vari kushandiswa neBazi rezvemukati menyika kutarisa miganhu uye kutakura mauto akakosha. Muna 1995, Ministry of Health yakatenga ina yakashandiswa Aerospatiale SA.319B Alouette III ambulance helicopters kubva kuSwitzerland nokuda kwebasa rayo reamburenzi (1995 - 1 uye 1996 - 3). Muna 1999, Mi-8 yepakati yekufambisa helicopter yakaendeswa (zvichida yakagamuchirwa kubva kuUkraine?), Iye zvino inoshandiswa neUshumiri hweMukati meMikati nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakafanana neAS.350B.

Kuvandudzwa kweAalbania Air Force kwakaonekwa senhanho yakakosha yekuunza mauto eAlbania kusvika kuNATO zviyero. Mumakore akatevera, Germany neItaly dzakapa zvikopokopo zvemazuva ano zvakati wandei kuAlbania kutsigira chirongwa chekusimudzira chazvino. Michina mitsva inoshandiswa kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kutakura zvinhu uye vanhu, kutsvaga nekununura, rubatsiro rwenjodzi, terrain flight, dzidzo uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi vehelicopter.

Italy yakabvuma kuendesa mahara zvikopokopo gumi nemana zvaimboshandiswa neuto reItaly, kusanganisira 7 Agusta-Bell AB.205A-1 medium transport helicopters uye 7 AB.206C-1 light multi-role helicopters. Wokutanga wokupedzisira akasvika muAlbania muna April 2002. Makopi matatu ekupedzisira akasvika muAlbania muna Mbudzi 2003, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kunyora helicopters yaipfekwa Z-5. Muna Kubvumbi 2004, vatatu vekutanga AB.205A-1s vakabatana navo. Muna Kubvumbi 2007, Italy yakaunzawo Agusta A.109C VIP helicopter (kutsiva Bell 222UT yakarasika).

Musi waKubvumbi 12, 2006, hurumende dzeAlbania neGermany dzakasaina kondirakiti inokosha mamiriyoni gumi emaeuro ekupa 10 Bo-12M light multipurpose helicopters dzaimboshandiswa nemauto eGermany. Ipapo vese gumi nevaviri vakagadziridzwa neEurocopter chirimwa muDonauwörth uye vakaunzwa kune yakajairwa vhezheni yeBo-105E105. Yekutanga yakakwidziridzwa Bo-4E105 yakaunzwa kuAlbania Air Force muna Kurume 4. Pakazara, Albania Air Force yakagamuchira nhanhatu Bo-2007E105 helicopters, mamwe mana akatumirwa kuBazi reMukati memukati uye maviri ekupedzisira kune Ministry of Health. .

Musi waDecember 18, 2009, chibvumirano che €78,6 miriyoni chakasainwa neEurocopter yekugovera mashanu AS.532AL Cougar medium transport helicopters kuti iwedzere kukwanisa kushanda kwehelicopter regiment. Vaviri vavo vakagadzirirwa kutakurwa kwemauto, imwe yekununura muhondo, imwe yekubuda mukurapa uye imwe yekutakura maVIP. Yekupedzisira yaifanirwa kuendeswa kutanga, asi yakadonha musi wa25 Chikunguru 2012, ikauraya vashandi vatanhatu veEurocopter vaive muchikepe. Zvikopokopo zvina zvakasara zvakaendeswa. Yokutanga yadzo, mushanduro yehondo-yekununura, yakapiwa musi waDecember 3, 2012. Motokari yekupedzisira, yechipiri yekutakura mauto yakaunganidzwa musi waNovember 7, 2014.

Panzvimbo kutenga imwe AS.532AL Cougar chikopokopo kutsiva yakaputsika kopi yokutakura VIPs, Albania Ministry of Defense akarayira maviri multi-chinangwa chiedza helikopta EU-145 kubva Eurocopter (kare - musi July 14, 2012 - wokutanga muchina mhando iyi yakatengwa shanduro nokuda kutakura VIPs). Ivo vakagadzirirwa kutsvaga nekununura uye kudzoreredza mishoni uye vakavhurwa muna Gumiguru 31, 2015.

Chiitiko chikuru munhoroondo yeAlbanian aviation yaive kutangwa kweAS.532AL Cougar helicopters (inoratidzwa ndeimwe yemichina iyi panguva yekuendesa ndege kumushandisi). Mufananidzo Eurocopter

The Albanian Air Force Helicopter Regiment yakamira paFarka Base uye parizvino ine 22 helicopters, kusanganisira: 4 AS.532AL, 3 AB.205A-1, 6 Bo-105E4, 3 EC-145, 5 AB.206C-1 uye 1 A 109. Kwenguva yakati, kusikwa kwehondo yehelicopter yehondo ye 12 helicopters yaiva chikamu chakakosha chezvirongwa zvemauto eAlbania, asi panguva ino basa iri harina kuonekwa sechinhu chinokosha. Kunyanya, kutorwa kwe MD.500 light helicopters ane TOW anti-tank missiles inotorwa.

Muna 2002, nerubatsiro rweTurkey, kushandiswa kwemazuva ano kweKutsova airbase kwakatanga, semugumisiro wakagamuchira shongwe itsva yekutonga, nzira yakagadziriswa uye yakasimbiswa uye taxiways. Inokubvumira kuti ugamuchire kunyange ndege inorema yekutakura seC-17A Globemaster III uye Il-76MD. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndege ina Y-5 yakawanda-chinangwa chakareruka pazvivako zvekugadzirisa ndege zviri munharaunda yeKutsov base, yekutanga yakagadziriswa Y-5 ndege yakaendeswa muna 2006. Vakabvumira mauto eAlbania kuti ashumire maitiro ane chekuita nekushanda kwendege, uye nekuwedzera, michina iyi yakaita mabasa ekutakura uye ekutaurirana. Mune ramangwana, izvi zvaifanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekubata kwakanaka kwezvakatengwa zvifambiso zvitsva, asi muna 2011 zvakasarudzwa kuchengetedza ndege yeY-5, kumisa kutengwa kwezvifambiso kwechinguva. Panguva ino, kutorwa kwendege nhatu dzeItaly G.222 dzekutakura dzakanga dziri pasi pekufunga.

Pakati pe2002 ne2005, Italy yakatamisa gumi nemana helicopters kuAlbania Air Force, kusanganisira manomwe chiedza-akawanda-basa AB.206C-1 (pamufananidzo) uye zvinomwe zvepakati zvekufambisa AB.205A-2.

Parizvino, Albania Air Force inongova mumvuri weyaimbova mauto eAlbania. The Air Force, yakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rukuru kubva kuUSSR uye yakazowedzera kuvandudzwa mukubatana nePRC, yashanduka kuita mauto makuru ekurwa. Zvisinei, panguva ino dzakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, boka rose rejeti rehondo rakabviswa pakupedzisira rakabviswa nokuda kwezvimedu. Hazvigoneki kuti iyo Albanian Air Force ichatenga dzimwe ndege dzekurwisa munguva ichangopfuura. Iyo bhajeti iripo inobvumira chete kuchengetedza kweiyo helicopter chikamu. Musi waApril 1, 2009, Albania yakava nhengo yeNATO, ichizadzisa chinangwa chayo chekuwedzera pfungwa yekuchengeteka.

Kubva zvakabatana neNATO, maAlbanian air surveillance mamisheni akafambiswa neItaly Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons achichinjana neHellenic Air Force F-16 varwi. Mamisheni ekutarisa akatanga musi wa16 Chikunguru 2009.

Zvakare, iyo yeAlbania yepasi-yakavakirwa mhepo yekudzivirira system inofanirwa kugadzirwa kubva pakutanga, iyo munguva yakapfuura yaive neHQ-2 yepakati-range missile masisitimu (kopi yeSoviet SA-75M Dina anti-ndege system), HN-5 MANPADS (kopi yeSoviet Strela-2M anti-aircraft missile system) , yakagamuchirwa kushanda mu37s) uye 2-mm anti-ndege pfuti. Pakutanga, mabhatiri ekutanga makumi manomwe neshanu eSoviet SA-75M "Dvina" akatengwa, ayo akagamuchirwa kubva kuUSSR mu1959, kusanganisira bhatiri rekudzidzira uye bhatiri rekurwa. Imwe 12 HQ-2 mabhatiri akagamuchirwa kubva kuPRC mumaXNUMXs. Vakanga vakarongeka kuita anti-aircraft missile brigade.

Yakarongwawo kutsiva yakasakara yeSoviet neChinese airspace control radar nezvimwe zvemazuva ano zvekuMadokero. Kutorwa kwemaradhi akadaro kwakaitwa, kunyanya, naLockheed Martin.

Sean Wilson / Prime Mifananidzo

Kubatana: Jerzy Gruschinsky

Shanduro: Michal Fischer