Red Army muBalkan muna 1944
Murairo weSoviet wakaona mukana wekutenderedza nekuparadza mauto eGerman akaiswa munzvimbo yeChisinau nemauto e2nd Ukrainian uye 3rd Ukraine.
Kusunungurwa kweKarogrod (Constantinople, Istanbul) kubva pajoko revaMohammed vakaipa, kutonga pamusoro pemvura yegungwa yeBosporus neDardanelles uye kubatana kwenyika yeOrthodox pasi pehutungamiri hwe "Great Russian Empire" ndiyo yakajairwa seti. Zvinangwa zvemitemo yekunze yevatongi vese veRussia.
Mhinduro yakasimba yezvinetso izvi yakabatanidzwa nekuputsika kweHumambo hweOttoman, iyo kubva pakati pezana remakore re1853 yakava muvengi mukuru weRussia. Catherine II akatsigira zvakasimba chirongwa chekudzingwa kweTurks kubva kuEurope mukubatana neAustria, kupatsanurwa kweBalkan Peninsula, kusikwa kweDanubian principalities yenyika yeDacia uye kumutsiridza nyika yeByzantine inotungamirirwa namambokadzi. muzukuru Konstantin. Mumwe muzukuru wake - Nicholas I - kuti azadzise chiroto ichi (nemusiyano chete uyo mambo weRussia akanga asiri kuzodzorera Byzantium, asi aida chete kuita sultan weTurkey mutongi wake) akapinda muEastern-yakashata (Crimea). ) hondo kurwisa 1856-XNUMX.
Mikhail Skobelev, "mukuru mukuru", akaenda kuBosphorus kuburikidza neBulgaria muna 1878. Yakanga iri panguva iyo iyo Russia yakabata kuuraya kuHumambo hweOttoman, mushure mezvo simba reTurkey muBalkan Peninsula harina kuzokwanisa kudzorerwa, uye kupatsanurwa kwenyika dzose dzeSouth Slavic kubva kuTurkey yaingova nyaya yenguva. Zvisinei, hegemony muBalkan haina kuwanikwa - pakanga paine kurwisana pakati pemasimba makuru ose ekupesvedzera kune dzimwe nyika dzichangobva kuzvimiririra. Pamusoro pezvo, mapurovhinzi ekare eHumambo hweOttoman akabva angosarudza kuva vakuru pachavo uye vakapinda mumakakatanwa asingagadzirisiki pakati pavo; Panguva imwe cheteyo, Russia yaisagona kutora divi kana kunzvenga kugadzirisa dambudziko reBalkan.
Kukosha kwehurongwa hweBosporus neDardanelles, yakakosha kuHumambo hweRussia, haina kumborasika nevakuru vekutonga. MunaGunyana 1879, vanoremekedzwa zvakanyanya vakaungana muLivadia pasi pehusachigaro hwaTsar Alexander II kuti vakurukure zvingangoitika zvematambudziko pakaitika kuparara kweHumambo hweOttoman. Semutori wechikamu mumusangano, Privy Kanzura Pyotr Saburov, akanyora, Russia yaisagona kubvumira kugara zvachose kwematambudziko neEngland. Basa rekukunda matambudziko akaiswa kuitira kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akonzere kuparadzwa kwehutongi hweTurkey muEurope. Humambo hweGermany hwaionekwa semubatanidzwa weRussia. Nhanho dzinoverengeka dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakatorwa, kuongororwazve kweiyo theatre yeramangwana yekushanda kwakaitwa, uye "nzvimbo yakasarudzika" yezvimbambaira zvegungwa nepfuti dzinorema dzakagadzirwa. MunaSeptember 1885, Alexander III akatumira tsamba kuMukuru weGeneral Staff, Nikolai Obruchev, umo akatsanangura chinangwa chikuru cheRussia - kutorwa kweConstantinople uye matambudziko. Mambo akanyora kuti: “Kana dziri kutambudzika, chokwadi, nguva haisati yasvika, asi munhu anofanira kuramba akarinda uye ave akagadzirira zvose. Chete pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya ndakagadzirira kurwa kuBalkan Peninsula, nekuti zvakakosha uye zvinobatsira chaizvo kuRussia. Muna July 1895, "musangano unokosha" wakaitwa muSt. Chisarudzo chemusangano wacho chakataura nezvekugadzirira zvakakwana kwechiuto kutora Constantinople. Zvakazotaurwa zvakare: nekutora Bosphorus, Russia yaizozadzisa rimwe remabasa ake enhoroondo: kuve tenzikadzi weBalkan Peninsula, kuchengetedza England ichirwiswa nguva dzose, uye aisazofanira kumutya kubva kudivi reBlack Sea. . Hurongwa hwekumhara kwemauto muBosphorus hwakatariswa pamusangano wemakurukota musi waZvita 5, 1896, nechekare pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaNicholas II. Kuumbwa kwezvikepe zvakabatanidzwa mukushanda kwakatemwa, uye mutungamiriri wezvitunha zvekudzika akagadzwa. Muchiitiko chekurwisana kwemauto neGreat Britain, Mutungamiri Mukuru weRussia akaronga kurwisa India kubva kuCentral Asia. Zano racho rakanga rine vadzivisi vakawanda vane simba, naizvozvo mambo muduku akasarudza kusaita chisarudzo chokupedzisira. Nenguva isipi, zviitiko muFar East zvakatora pfungwa dzose dzehutungamiri hweRussia, uye nzira yeMiddle East yakanga "yakaoma". Muna Chikunguru 1908, pakatanga kumukira kwevechidiki, Bosphorus Expedition yakadzokororwa muPetersburg nechinangwa chekutora nzvimbo dzakanakira yeConstantinople kumativi ese eiyo strait uye kuvabata mumaoko avo kuti vaise masimba anodiwa kuzadzisa chinangwa chezvematongerwo enyika. .
