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| Wrench yakatanga kuonekwa muzana remakore rechi15 muchimiro chebhokisi bhokisi (ona fig. Chii chinonzi spanner kiyi?) Pakanga pasina ukuru hwakaenzana, uye simbi imwe neimwe nechipanera chaigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe nemupfuri wesimbi. |
 | Zvinotendwa kuti zvipanera zvekutanga zvaishandiswa kupepeta tambo dzemuchinjiko, dzichidzisunga kuti dzive dzakasimba kupfuura zvaigona kuitwa neruoko rwemunhu. |
| Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, pfuti dzinovhara mavhiri dzakagadzirwa dzaida chipanera chebhokisi kuti chipfure. Chipanera chakasimudza pfuti nekudzuturika vhiri. Pakadhonzwa chitubu uye vhiri raitenderera, zvichiita kuti pfarivari dzibude kubva mupfuti. |
| Kwakanga kusati kuri kusvika mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18 apo zvikwambo zvakave zvakasiyana mumhando uye kushandiswa kubatanidza marudzi ese atinawo nhasi. Nekutanga kweIndustrial Revolution, zvipanera zvesimbi zvakagadzirwa nevapfuri vesimbi zvakatsiviwa neshanduro dzesimbi dzakaumbwa dzakagadzirwa pamwero mukuru. |
| Pakazosvika 1825 saizi yakajairika yezvisungo uye zvipanera zvakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti nzungu, mabhaudhi uye zvipanera zvigone kuchinjana uye zvaisafanira kuitwa seti. |
| Izvi zvaireva kuti zvidimbu zvemidziyo zvaigona kuchinjana, zvipanera zvaigona kushandiswa pazvisungo zvakawanda, uye nzungu dzaigona kushandiswa pamabhaudhi anopfuura rimwe. Zvaireva zvakare kuti chero makanika anogona kushandisa mota neseti yavo yema wrenches akajairwa pachinzvimbo chekuti mota igare ichifamba neimwe seti. |
| Kurongeka kwekugadzirwa kwemudziyo uyu kwaive kwakadzikira, pachokwadi chaipo kusvika 1/1,000 ″. Pakazosvika 1841, mainjiniya anonzi Sir Joseph Whitworth akange agadzira nzira yekuwedzera kurongeka ku1/10,000 1″ uyezve, nekugadzirwa kwebhenji micrometer, kusvika 1,000,000/XNUMX ″. |
| Neiyi tekinoroji nyowani, chiyero cheWhitworth chakagadzirwa, chinogona kudzokororwa mufekitori chero ipi zvayo munyika yose. |
| Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, kuitira kuchengetedza zvinhu, chiyero cheWhitworth chakagadziridzwa kuita kuti misoro yekusimbisa ive diki. Uyu chiyero chakazozivikanwa seBritish Standard (BS). Whitworth wrenches inogona kushandiswa muyero nyowani, asi madiki madiki anofanirwa kushandiswa panzvimbo. Semuyenzaniso, chipanera che ¼W chinogona kushandiswa ku5/16BS zvisungo (ona mufananidzo). Ndeapi masaizi anowanikwa? kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo). |
| Mumakore ekuma1970, UK yakasarudza kutevera hutungamiri hweEurope yose ndokutanga kushandisa metric system. Wrenches uye fasteners zvakatanga kugadzirwa muhukuru hutsva, asi sezvo midziyo yakagadzirwa pamberi pe70s ichiri kushandiswa, inch wrenches dzimwe nguva ichiri kudikanwa. |
