Injini torque

Kutaura pamusoro peiyo inonyanya kukosha yemotokari unit: injini, yave tsika yekukwidziridza simba pamusoro pemamwe ma parameter. Zvichakadaro, haasi masimba emagetsi ndiwo maitiro makuru echigadzirwa chemagetsi, asi chiitiko chinonzi torque. Iko kugona kweiyo chero injini yemotokari inotsanangurwa zvakananga neichi kukosha.

Pfungwa yeinjini torque. Pamusoro pezvakaoma mumashoko akareruka

Torque inoenderana neinjini dzemotokari ndicho chigadzirwa chehukuru hwekuedza uye ruoko rwechireverero, kana, zvakanyanya nyore, simba rekumanikidza repiston pane yekubatanidza tsvimbo. Iri simba rinoyerwa mumamita eNewton, uye kana yakakwira kukosha kwayo, mota inokurumidza kukurumidza.

Mukuwedzera, simba rejini, rinoratidzwa mumawatts, haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekukosha kwejini torque muNewton mamita inowedzerwa nekumhanya kwekutenderera kwe crankshaft.

Fungidzira bhiza richidhonza chireyi chinorema uye richinamira mugomba. Kudhonza chireyi hakushande kana bhiza rikaedza kusvetuka kubva mugomba richimhanya. Pano zvakakosha kushandisa imwe kuedza, iyo ichava torque (km).

Torque inowanzo vhiringika nekumhanya kwe crankshaft. Muchokwadi, idzi ipfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana zvachose. Tichidzokera kumuenzaniso webhiza rakanamira mugoronga, nhanho yenhanho yaizomiririra kumhanya kwemota, uye simba rinoitwa nemhuka payaifamba panguva yenhanho yaizomiririra torque.

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa ukuru hwe torques

Pamuenzaniso webhiza, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti munyaya iyi kukosha kweS SM kuchave kwakanyanya kusarudzwa nemhasuru yemhuka. Nezve mukati memoto injini yemoto, kukosha uku kunoenderana nehuwandu hwebasa remagetsi emagetsi, pamwe ne:

• chiyero chekushanda kwekushanda mukati memasilinda;
• piston size;
• crankshaft dhayamita.

Torque inonyanya kutsamira pakutamiswa uye kudzvanywa mukati mesimba remagetsi, uye kutsamira uku kwakaenzana. Mune mamwe mazwi, mota dzine vhoriyamu yakakura uye kudzvanywa, zvichiteerana, ine torque yakakura.

Kune zvakare hukama hwakananga pakati peKM uye crank radius ye crankshaft. Nekudaro, dhizaini yeinjini dzemotokari dzemazuva ano ndeyekuti haitenderi torque kukosha kusiyanisa zvakanyanya, saka vanogadzira ICE vane mukana mudiki wekuwana yakakwira torque nekuda kwekukombama kwe crankshaft. Panzvimbo iyoyo, vanogadzira vari kutendeukira kunzira dzekuwedzera torque, sekushandisa turbocharging tekinoroji, kuwedzera compression ratios, optimize maitiro ekupisa, vachishandisa yakanyatso kugadzirirwa manifolds, nezvimwe.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti iyo KM iwedzere nekuwedzera injini kumhanya, zvisinei, mushure mekusvika pakakwirira mune yakapihwa renji, torque inoderera, kunyangwe ichiramba ichiwedzera mukumhanya kwe crankshaft.

Kufurira kweICE torque pakuita kwemotokari

Huwandu hwe torque ndicho chinhu chaicho chinoisa dynamics yekumhanyisa mota. Kana iwe uri munhu anofarira mota anofarira, unogona kunge waona kuti mota dzakasiyana, asi neiyo imwechete simba unit, zviite zvakasiyana munzira. Kana kurongeka kwehukuru hwemota isina simba shoma mumugwagwa yakakwirira kune imwe ine simba rakawanda pasi pehodhi, kunyangwe nehukuru hwemotokari huremu uye huremu. Chikonzero chiri mumutsauko we torque.

Simba rebhiza rinogona kufungidzirwa sechiyero chekutsungirira kweinjini. Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chinotarisa kukurumidza kugona kwemotokari. Asi sezvo torque iri rudzi rwesimba, zvinoenderana nehukuru hwayo, uye kwete nenhamba ye "mabhiza", inokurumidza sei mota inogona kusvika painogumira kumhanya. Nechikonzero ichi, hadzisi mota dzese dzine simba dzine simba rekumhanyisa, uye dziya dzinogona kukurumidza kupfuura dzimwe hadzina kunge dzakashongedzerwa injini ine simba.

Nekudaro, yakakwira torque chete haivimbisi yakanakisa muchina masimba. Mushure mezvose, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, simba rekuwedzera kwekukurumidza, pamwe nekukwanisa kwemotokari kukurumidza kukunda mitsetse yezvikamu zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekushanda kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi, kuenzanisa kwekutengesa uye kuterera kweaccelerator. Pamwe chete neizvi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nguva yacho yakadzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwekupokana kwezviitiko: kutenderedza masimba emavhiri uye kukakavara munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemotokari, nekuda kweaerodynamics uye zvimwe zviitiko.

Torque vs simba. Hukama nemotokari dynamics

Simba rinobva pachiitiko chakadai se torque, rinoratidza basa remagetsi rinoitwa pane imwe nguva. Uye sezvo KM inofananidzira kushanda kwakananga kwejini, ukuru hwenguva iyo panguva inofananidzwa inoratidzwa nenzira yesimba.

Iyi inotevera fomula inobvumidza iwe kuona nemeso hukama pakati pesimba neKM:

P=M*N/9549

Ipo: P mufomula isimba, M is torque, N injini rpm, uye 9549 ndiyo inoshandura chinhu cheN kuenda ku radians pasekondi. Mhedzisiro yekuverenga uchishandisa iyi fomula ichave nhamba mu kilowatts. Paunenge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchingerwo, nhamba inowedzerwa ne 1,36.

Chaizvoizvo, torque isimba pakumhanya zvishoma, sekupfuura. Simba rinowedzera sezvo torque inowedzera, uye iyo yakakwirira iyi parameter, iyo inowedzera kinetic simba, iyo iri nyore iyo motokari inokunda masimba ari kushanda pairi, uye zviri nani ayo ane simba maitiro.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti simba rinosvika pahupamhi hwepamusoro kwete pakarepo, asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Mushure mezvose, motokari inotanga pane zvishoma zvishoma, uye ipapo kumhanya kunowedzera. Apa ndipo panouya simba rinonzi torque, uye iyi ndiyo inosarudza nguva yenguva iyo motokari ichasvika simba rayo guru, kana, nemamwe mazwi, high-speed dynamics.

Izvi zvinotevera kubva pane izvi kuti motokari ine simba rine simba guru, asi isina kukwana torque yakakwirira, ichava yakaderera mukukwidziridzwa kune modhi ine injini iyo, pane zvinopesana, haigoni kuzvirumbidza nesimba rakanaka, asi inodarika mukwikwidzi mune vaviri. . Kunyanya kusvetwa, simba rinoendeswa kune mavhiri ekufambisa, uye hupfumi hwekumhanya kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi, umo KM yakakwirira inowanikwa, motokari inokurumidza kukurumidza.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kuvepo kwe torque kunogoneka pasina simba, asi kuvepo kwesimba pasina torque hakusi. Fungidzira kuti bhiza redu nechireyi zvanamira mumatope. Simba rinobudiswa nebhiza panguva ino richava zero, asi torque (ichiedza kubuda, kudhonza), kunyange zvazvo isina kukwana kufamba, ichave iripo.

Diesel nguva

Kana tikaenzanisa zvidyarwa zve petroli nedhiziri, ipapo iyo inosiyanisa iyo yekupedzisira (zvese pasina kunze) yakakwira torque ine simba shoma.

Injini yekupisa peturu yemukati inosvika pahupamhi hweKM pamakumi matatu kusvika mana ezviuru paminiti, asi inokwanisa kukurumidza kuwedzera simba, ichiita zviuru zvinomwe kusvika zvisere paminiti. Huwandu hwekuchinja kwe crankshaft yeinjini yedhiziri kazhinji inogumira kune zviuru zvitatu kusvika zvishanu. Nekudaro, mumayuniti edhiziri, iyo piston sitiroko yakarebesa, iyo compression ratio uye mamwe chaiwo maitiro ekupisa kwemafuta akakwira, izvo zvinopa kwete chete torque yakawanda maererano nepeturu mayunitsi, asiwo kuvapo kwekuedza uku kunenge kubva kusingaite.

Nechikonzero ichi, hazvina musoro kuwana simba rakawedzerwa kubva kune injini dzedhiziri - inovimbika uye inokwanisika kudhonza "kubva pazasi", kugona kwakanyanya uye kunyatsoshanda kwemafuta kudzikamisa gaka pakati peinjini dzinopisa dzemukati uye injini dzepeturu, zvese maererano nezviratidzo zvesimba uye. kukurumidza kugona.

Zvimiro zvekumhanyisa kwakaringana kwemota. Nzira yekuwana zvakanyanya kubva mumotokari yako

Kumhanyisa kwakaringana kunoenderana nekugona kushanda negiya bhokisi uye nekutevera musimboti we "kubva pakakwirira torque kusvika kune yakanyanya simba". Ndokunge, zvinokwanisika kuwana yakanakisa mota yekumhanyisa dynamics chete nekuchengeta crankshaft kumhanya muhuwandu hwehutsika iyo KM inosvika pakukwirira kwayo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti kumhanya kuenderane neiyo peak torque, asi panofanirwa kuve nemuganho wekuwedzera kwayo. Kana iwe ukamhanyisa kumhanyisa pamusoro pesimba guru, iyo yekumhanyisa dynamics ichave shoma.

Iyo rpm renji inoenderana neyakakura torque inotarwa nehunhu hweinjini.

Kusarudzwa kweinjini. Chii chiri nani - torque yakakwirira kana simba rakakwirira?

Kana tikadhirowa mutsara wekupedzisira pasi pezvese zviri pamusoro, zvinova pachena kuti:

• torque chinhu chakakosha chinoratidza kugona kwesimba remagetsi;
• simba rinobva kuKM uye saka yechipiri hunhu hweinjini;
• kutsamira kwakananga kwesimba pane torque kunogona kuoneka mune formula P (simba) \uXNUMXd M (torque) * n (crankshaft kumhanya paminiti) inotorwa nevefizikisi.

Saka, pakusarudza pakati peinjini ine simba rakawanda, asi torque shoma, uye injini ine KM yakawanda, asi simba shoma, sarudzo yechipiri ichakunda. Injini yakadaro chete ndiyo ichakubvumidza kuti ushandise iyo yakazara mukana wemukati mumotokari.

Panguva imwecheteyo, hatifanire kukanganwa nezve hukama pakati peiyo dynamic hunhu hwemotokari uye zvinhu zvakaita se throttle mhinduro uye kutapurirana. Sarudzo yakanakisa ingave isiri chete ine yakakwira-torque mota, asiwo kunonoka kudiki pakati pekutsikirira gasi pedal uye mhinduro yeinjini, uye kutapurirana nemagiya mapfupi. Kuvapo kwezvinhu izvi kunobhadhara simba rakaderera rejini, zvichiita kuti motokari iwedzere kukurumidza kupfuura motokari ine injini yekugadzirwa kwakafanana, asi ine zvishoma.