Laser makombiyuta

Wachi frequency ye1 GHz muma processors bhiriyoni imwe pasekondi. Zvakawanda, asi mhando dzakanakisa dziripo iye zvino kune avhareji mutengi ari kutowana zvakapetwa kakawanda. Ko kana ikamhanyisa ... miriyoni yakapetwa?

Izvi ndizvo zvinovimbiswa tekinoroji nyowani, uchishandisa mapurusi emwenje welaser kuchinja pakati penyika "1" uye "0". Izvi zvinotevera kubva pakuverenga kuri nyore kadhiriyoni pasekondi.

Mukuedza kwakaitwa muna 2018 uye kwakatsanangurwa mujenari Nature, vaongorori vakapfura pulsed infrared laser matanda pahuchi arrays e tungsten uye selenium (1). Izvi zvakaita kuti nyika yezero uye imwe ichinje musilicon chip yakasanganiswa, sezvakangoita mupurosesa wekombuta yakajairika, nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kamiriyoni.

Zvakaitika sei? Masayendisiti anotsanangura zvakajeka, zvichiratidza kuti maerekitironi ari mumizinga yesimbi anoita "zvisinganzwisisike" (kunyangwe zvisiri zvakanyanya). Tichifara, zvimedu izvi zvinosvetuka pakati penyika dzakasiyana dzequantum, dzakadanwa nevanoedza "pseudo-spinning ».

Vatsvagiri vanofananidza izvi nematreadmill akavakwa akatenderedza mamorekuru. Vanodaidza makwara aya "mipata" uye vanotsanangura kushandiswa kweidzi nyika dzinotenderera se "valleytronics » (S).

Maelectrons anonakidzwa nelaser pulses. Zvichienderana ne polarity ye infrared pulses, ivo "vanotora" imwe ye "mipata" miviri inogona kutenderedza maatomu erata resimbi. Idzi nyika mbiri dzinokurumidza kuratidza kushandiswa kwechiitiko mune zero-one komputa logic.

Maerekitironi anosvetuka anokurumidza kukurumidza, mufemtosecond cycles. Uye heino chakavanzika chekumhanya kusingadaviriki kwelaser-inotungamirwa masisitimu.

Pamusoro pezvo, masayendisiti anopokana kuti nekuda kwesimba remuviri, masisitimu aya mune imwe pfungwa mumatunhu ese panguva imwe chete (superposition), izvo zvinogadzira mikana ye Vatsvagiri vanosimbisa kuti zvese izvi zvinoitika mukati tembiricha yekamurinepo makomputa mazhinji aripo equantum anoda masisitimu equbits kuti atonhodzwe kusvika kumatembiricha ari pedyo neabsolute zero.

"Mukufamba kwenguva, tinoona mukana chaiwo wekugadzira quantum madivayiri anoita mashandiro nekukurumidza kupfuura imwe oscillation yemwenje wave," muongorori akadaro mune chirevo. Rupert Huber, purofesa wefizikisi paYunivhesiti yeRegensburg, Germany.

Nekudaro, masayendisiti haasati aita chero chaiyo quantum maoparesheni nenzira iyi, saka iyo pfungwa yehuwandu hwekombuta inoshanda pakudziya kwekamuri inoramba iine dzidziso. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune yakajairika komputa simba reiyi system. Chete basa re oscillations rakaratidzwa uye hapana chaiyo computational oparesheni yakaitwa.

Kuedza kwakafanana nekwarondedzerwa pamusoro kwakatoitwa. Muna 2017, tsananguro yechidzidzo ichi yakabudiswa muNature Photonics, kusanganisira paYunivhesiti yeMichigan muU.SA. Ikoko, pulses yelaser light inogara 100 femtoseconds yakapfuudzwa kuburikidza semiconductor crystal, ichidzora mamiriro emaerekitironi. Sezvo mutemo, zviitiko zvinowanzoitika mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakanga zvakafanana nezvakatsanangurwa kare. Aya ndiwo mhedzisiro ye quantum.

Light chips uye perovskites

Do"quantum laser makomputa » anobatwa zvakasiyana. Gumiguru apfuura, timu yekuUS-yeJapan-yeAustralia yekutsvagisa yakaratidza yakareruka computing system. Panzvimbo yequbits, iyo nzira itsva inoshandisa chimiro chemuviri chemalaser matanda uye tsika makristasi kushandura matanda kuita yakasarudzika mhando yechiedza inonzi "compressed light."

Kuti iyo mamiriro esumbu aratidze kugona kwe quantum computing, iyo laser inofanirwa kuyerwa neimwe nzira, uye izvi zvinowanikwa uchishandisa quantum-entangled network yemagirazi, emitters uye optical fibers (2). Iyi nzira inoratidzwa padiki, iyo isingapi zvakaringana yakakwirira computational kumhanya. Nekudaro, masayendisiti anoti modhi iyi inokura, uye zvimiro zvakakura zvinogona kupedzisira zvawana mukana wehuwandu pamusoro pehuwandu uye mabhinari modhi anoshandiswa.

2. Laser matanda achipfuura nepakati tangled network yemagirazi

"Kunyange zvazvino quantum processors ichishamisa, hazvizivikanwe kana inogona kuyerwa kusvika kuhukuru hukuru," inodaro Science Today. Nicolas Menicucci, muongorori anobatsira paCenter for Quantum Computing uye Communication Technology (CQC2T) paRMIT University muMelbourne, Australia. "Maitiro edu anotanga nekunyanyisa scalability yakavakirwa muchip kubva pakutanga nekuti processor, inonzi iyo cluster state, yakagadzirwa nechiedza."

Mhando nyowani dze lasers dzinodiwawo kune ekupedzisira mafotonic masisitimu (ona zvakare :). Masayendisiti kubva kuFar Eastern Federal University (FEFU) - pamwe chete nevamwe vekuRussia kubva kuITMO University, pamwe nemasayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTexas kuDallas neAustralia National University - vakashuma muna Kurume 2019 mupepanhau ACS Nano kuti vakagadzira inoshanda, inokurumidza uye yakachipa nzira yekugadzira perovskite lasers. Kubatsira kwavo pamusoro pemamwe marudzi ndeyekuti vanoshanda zvakanyanya kugadzikana, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kune optical chips.

"Tekinoroji yedu yehalide laser printing inopa nzira yakapfava, ine mari, uye inodzorwa zvakanyanya yekuburitsa akawanda-emhando dzakasiyana dzeperovskite lasers. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo optimization ye geometry mukuita kwelaser kudhinda kekutanga kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana yakagadzikana single-mode perovskite microlasers (3). Ma lasers akadaro ari kuvimbisa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve optoelectronic uye nanophotonic, sensors, nezvimwewo, "akatsanangura Aleksey Zhishchenko, muongorori paFEFU centre, mubhuku racho.

3. Perovskite laser matanda

Ehe, isu hatizoona makomputa ega "achifamba pama lasers" munguva pfupi. Parizvino, zviedzo zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa humbowo hwepfungwa, kwete kunyange prototypes yemakomputa masisitimu.

Nekudaro, kumhanya kunopihwa nechiedza uye laser matanda kuri kuyedza kuti vaongorori, uyezve mainjiniya, kuramba iyi nzira.