Chiedza chezvombo motokari BA-64
Zviri mukati
Chiedza chezvombo motokari BA-64
Mutyairi wacho akanga ari nechepakati pemotokari, uye shure kwake kwaiva nekamuri rokurwira, pamusoro paro pakanga pakaiswa turret yakavhurika ine pfuti yeDT. Kuiswa kwepfuti yemuchina kwakaita kuti zvibvire kupfura pakurwisa ndege nendege. Kuti adzore motokari yakashongedzwa nezvombo, mutyairi aigona kushandisa girazi risingapindi bara ringatsiviwa; maviri emabhuroko akafanana aiiswa pamadziro epadivi peturret. Mota zhinji dzaive dzakashongedzerwa nhepfenyuro gumi nembiri. Pakupera kwa12, motokari yezvombo yakagadziridzwa, panguva iyo nzira yayo yakawedzerwa kusvika ku 1942b, uye zviputi zviviri zvekuvhundutsa zvakawedzerwa kune kumiswa kwepamberi. Iyo yemazuva ano BA-144B mota yezvombo yakagadzirwa kusvika 64. Munguva yekugadzira, akasiyana ane snowmobile uye njanji propulsion, musiyano ane inorema muchina pfuti, mhepo uye kudzimbahwe akasiyana akagadzirwa.
Tichifunga nezve chiitiko chakawanikwa muma30s mukugadzira maviri-axle uye matatu-axle chassis yemotokari dzine zvombo, vagari veGorky vakafunga kugadzira mota yakareruka-pfuti yakashongedzerwa yakavakirwa pamaviri-axle ese-mavhiri dhiraivha GAZ-64 ye. uto rinoshingaira. Pana July 17, 1941, basa rokugadzira zvinhu rakatanga. Kurongeka kwemuchina uyu kwakatungamirwa neinjiniya F. A. Lependin, uye G. M. Wasserman akagadzwa mutungamiriri wekugadzira. Yakagadzirwa mota yezvombo, zvese muchitarisiko uye muhondo yekurwa, yaive yakasiyana zvakanyanya neyakapfuura mota dzekirasi iyi. Vagadziri vacho vaifanirwa kufunga nezve hutsva hwehunyanzvi uye hwehunyanzvi zvinodiwa kumotokari dzine zvombo, izvo zvakasimuka zvichibva pakuongorora kwechiitiko chehondo. Motokari dzacho dzaizoshandiswa pakuongorora uye kutungamirira uye kutonga mauto munguva yehondo. mukurwisa kurwiswa nendege, kuperekedza koni, pamwe nekudzivirira kwemhepo matangi pakufora. Uyezve, kuzivana kwevashandi vefekitari neGermany yakatorwa SdKfz 221 motokari yezvombo, iyo yakaunzwa kuGAZ musi waSeptember 7 kuti idzidze zvakadzama, yakavewo neimwe simba pakugadzirwa kwemotokari itsva. Dhizaini uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari yakashongedzwa yakatora mwedzi mitanhatu - kubva munaChikunguru 17, 1941 kusvika Ndira 9, 1942. Musi waJanuary 10, 1942, motokari itsva yezvombo yakaongororwa naMarshal weSoviet Union K. E. Voroshilov. Mushure mekupedzwa kwakabudirira kwefekitari nemauto bvunzo, mota ine zvombo yakaunzwa kuNhengo dzePolitburo yeCentral Committee yeAll-Union Communist Party yeBolsheviks munaKurume 3, 1942. uye kare muzhizha regore iroro batch yekutanga ye serial armored motokari yakatumirwa kumauto eBryansk neVoronezh fronts. Kusikwa kweBA-64 motokari yezvombo, nechisarudzo cheCouncil of People's Commissars yeUSSR yaApril 10, 1942, V.A. Grachev akapiwa USSR State Prize.
Mota ine zvombo Iyo BA-64 yakagadzirwa maererano neyakagadzirwa dhizaini ine injini yepamberi, inotungamira pamberi uye ese mavhiri anotyairwa, ane maekisi akasimba akarembera pamberi pechina mana-elliptical zvitubu, uye kumashure kune maviri semi-elliptical zvitubu. Muviri wakasiyana-siyana wakagadzirwa nemashizha esimbi yakakungurutswa nehupamhi hwe 64 mm kusvika ku 4 mm wakaiswa pamusoro peyakaomeswa mureza furemu kubva kuGAZ-15. Yakanga ichiratidzwa nemakona akakosha ekurerekera kwemahwendefa ezvombo kune yakachinjika ndege, zvishoma zvimiro uye huremu. Mativi ehull aive nemabhandi maviri emapuleti ezvombo zve9 mm ukobvu, ayo, kuwedzera bullet kuramba, aive akaiswa kuitira kuti kureba uye kuyambuka zvikamu zvehull aive maviri trapezoid akapetwa pazvigadziko. Kuti vapinde nekubuda mumotikari, vashandi vaive nemagonhi maviri aivhurika achidzokera kumashure uye achidzika, ayo aive munzvimbo dzepasi dzemativi kurudyi nekuruboshwe kwemutyairi. Chivharo chezvombo chakasungirirwa kumucheto kumashure kwemuviri, kudzivirira mutsipa wekuzadza wetangi regesi. Iyo BA-64 hull yakanga isina rivet majoini - majoini emashiti ezvombo aive akatsetseka uye kunyange. Door uye hatch hinges ndezvekunze, welded kana ane akabudikira rivets. Kupinda kweinjini kwaive kuburikidza nepamusoro, kumashure-kuvhurwa kwekavha yezvombo zvekamuri yeinjini. Mazariro ose, magonhi nemavharo akanga akakiiwa kunze nemukati. Zvadaro, kuti uvandudze mamiriro ekushanda emutyairi, kutorwa kwemhepo kwakaunzwa pamusoro pevhavha yevhavha uye nechekumberi kwechivharo chevhavha. Pazasi pekuruboshwe ndiro yezvombo pamberi pegonhi (pakarepo kuseri kwebapiro), mechanical screw jack yakasungirirwa nemagetsi maviri.
Mutyairi wemotokari yezvombo akanga ari munzvimbo yekudzora pakati pemotokari, uye shure kwake, pamusoro zvishoma, kwaiva nemukuru. akaita mabasa emuchina wepfuti. Mutyairi aikwanisa kuona mugwagwa uye nzvimbo nepagirazi rinoona mudziyo une girazi rinotsiviwa nebulletproof triplex rakaiswa pakavhurika rehall yekumberi uye rakadzivirirwa kubva kunze netambo yezvombo. Mukuwedzera, pane dzimwe motokari, zvivharo zvekuonekwa kweparutivi zvakaiswa mumativi ekumusoro emadziro ekamuri yekudzora, iyo yakavhurwa nemutyairi kana zvichidikanwa. Kumashure kwemotokari yezvombo, pamusoro pedenga rechikepe, denderedzwa inotenderera turret yakaiswa, yakagadzirwa nesimbi kubva 10-mm gobvu mahwendefa ezvombo uye akaumbwa se truncated octagonal piramidi. Muchikamu chepamberi, kusanganiswa kweshongwe ine hull kwakadzivirirwa nechivharo chekudzivirira - parapet. Shongwe yacho yakanga yakashama kumusoro uye pamienzaniso yekutanga yakanga yakafukidzwa nemambure anopetwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuve nemukana wekuona mhepo yemuvengi uye kumupfura kubva kuzvombo zvendege. Iyo turret yakaiswa mumuviri wemotokari yezvombo pane conical column. Iyo turret yakatenderedzwa nemaoko nemukuru-pfuti, uyo aigona kuishandura uye kuimisa panzvimbo yaidiwa achishandisa bhureki. Pamberi pemadziro e turret pakanga paine embrasure yekupfura pazvinangwa zvepasi, uye midziyo miviri yekutarisa, yakafanana neyemutyairi wekutarisa mudziyo, yakaiswa mumadziro ayo eparutivi.
Iyo BA-64 yaive nepfuti yemuchina 7,62 mm DT. IN motokari dzehondo Kwenguva yekutanga, kuiswa kwepfuti yepasi rose yakashandiswa, iyo yakapa moto wepamusoro-soro kubva pashongwe panzvimbo yezvinangwa zvepasi pamakiromita anosvika 1000 m uye pane zvinangwa zvemhepo zvichibhururuka pakakwirira kusvika mamita 500. The machine gun yaigona kukwidziridzwa kumusoro ichitevedza chigadziko kubva pamumbundiro wakatwasuka weshongwe uye yakagadzikwa pane chero hurefu hwepakati. Pakupfura pazvinangwa zvemhepo, pfuti yemuchina yakanga yakashongedzerwa nemhete yekuona. Mundege yakatwasuka, pfuti yemuchina yaive yakanangana neinongedzo muchikamu kubva -36 ° kusvika +54 °. Zvombo zvemotokari yezvombo zvaisanganisira mabara 1260 20 akaiswa mumagazini 6 uye magirinedhi matanhatu. Mota zhinji dzakashongedzerwa dzakashongedzerwa neRB-64 kana 12-RP nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzine huwandu hwe8-12 km. Iyo antenna yetyapu yakasimudzwa yakatwasuka kudivi rekumashure (kurudyi) madziro eshongwe uye yakabuda 0,85 m pamusoro pemagumo ayo. Injini yakagadziridzwa zvishoma GAZ-64 yakaiswa mukamuri yeinjini yeBA-64, inokwanisa kushanda pamafuta egiredhi-giredhi uye peturu, izvo zvaive zvakanyanya kukosha pakushandisa mota yezvombo pamberi pemamiriro ezvinhu. Injini yechina-cylinder liquid-cooled carburetor yakagadzira simba re 36,8 kW (50 hp), iyo yakabvumira motokari yezvombo kuti ifambe mumigwagwa yakagadzirwa nepamusoro-soro ye80 km / h. Kumiswa kwemotokari yezvombo kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kutyaira mumigwagwa ine tsvina uye munzvimbo dzakashata paavhareji yekumhanya inosvika makumi maviri km/h. Iine mafuta akazara tangi, simba rayo raiva 20 litres, BA-90 yaigona kufamba makiromita 64, iyo yakaratidza kurwisana kwakakwana kwemotokari. Iyo BA-64 yakava yekutanga mota yezvombo yepamba ine mavhiri ese ekutyaira, nekuda kweiyo yakabudirira kukunda materu anopfuura 30 madhigirii, mafodhi anosvika 0,9 m akadzika uye anotsvedza materu ane materu anosvika 18 madhigirii pavhu rakaoma. Motokari haina kungofamba zvakanaka pavhu rinorimwa uye jecha, asiwo nechivimbo yakabviswa kubva kune ivhu rakapfava mushure mekumira. Chimiro chehull - mahombe akaturikidzana kumberi nekumashure - akaita kuti zvive nyore kuti mota ine zvombo ikunde migero, makomba nemakoronga. Mune 1942 gore motokari ine zvombo Iyo BA-64 yakagadziridzwa maererano nekuvandudzwa kweiyo base GAZ-64 mota. Motokari yemazuva ano yezvombo, yakasarudzwa BA-64B, yakanga ine track yakawedzera kusvika 1446 mm, yakawedzera hupamhi uye huremu, yakawedzera simba reinjini kusvika 39,7 kW (54 hp), yakagadziridzwa injini yekutonhodza system uye yekumira kumberi ine zvinobatisa zvina panzvimbo mbiri. .
Kugadzirwa kweBA-1943B, iyo yakatanga muchirimo cha64, yakaenderera mberi kusvika 1946. Muna 1944, kugadzirwa kweBA-64B, maererano neNPO reporting, yakagadzikana pamotokari 250 pamwedzi - 3000 pagore (ine walkie-talkie -1404 units). Pasinei nehombe yayo huru - low firepower - BA-64 armored mota dzakashandiswa zvinobudirira panguva yekumhara, kupambwa kwekuongorora, uye kuperekedza uye kurwisa kudzivirira kwemauto evacheche. Kushandiswa kweBA-64 muhondo dzemumugwagwa, uko kukwanisa kupisa moto pauriri hwepamusoro hwezvivakwa kwaive chinhu chakakosha. BA-64 neBA-64B vakatora chikamu mukutorwa kwePoland, Hungarian, Romanian, maguta eAustria, uye mukurwisa Berlin. Pakazara, maererano nemauto, 8174 BA-64 uye BA-64B mota dzehondo dzakagamuchirwa kubva kune vanogadzira, iyo 3390 yaive neredhiyo. Mafekitari akagadzira mota dzekupedzisira makumi matanhatu nembiri dzehondo muna 62. Pakazara, panguva kubva 1946 kusvika 1942, mafekitori akagadzira 1946 BA-3901 uye 64 BA-5209 B mota dzine zvombo. BA-64 yakava mumiriri wekupedzisira wemotokari dzehondo muSoviet Army. Pakupera kwehondo, kurwisa mashandiro emayuniti ekucherekedza airamba achiitwa pamavhiri uye akateedzerwa evatakuri vevarwi vakaita seMZA kana hafu-yakatevedzwa M9A1. Mumashure mehondo yeSoviet Army, BA-64B mota dzehondo (pakanga pasina nhete-geji yeBA-64s yakasara) yakashandiswa semotokari dzekudzidzira kurwa kusvika munenge muna 1953. Mune dzimwe nyika (Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany) dzakashandiswa kwenguva refu. Mumakore ekuma1950, GDR yakagadzira shanduro yemazuva ano yeBA-64, iyo yakagamuchira zita rokuti SK-1. Yakavakwa pamusoro peRobur Garant 30K chassis yakawedzerwa, yaitaridzika chaizvo seBA-64. Motokari dzeSK-1 dzakapinda mubasa nemapurisa uye varindi vepabhodha veGDR. Nhamba huru yeBA-64B mota dzehondo dzakatumirwa kuYugoslavia. North Korea neChina. Verenga zvakare yakareruka armored mota BA-20 Kugadziridzwa kweiyo BA-64 armored mota
BA-64 mota ine zvombo |
Pakupera kwaOctober 1942, iyo yakagadziridzwa BA-64B yakabudirira kupedza muedzo wekuedza, ichisimbisa kukwanisa kwebasa rakaitwa - mupumburu unobvumirwa wakanga watova 25 °. Kune vamwe vese, ukuru hwezvipingamupinyi zveprofile zvinokurirwa nemotokari yemazuva ano ine zvombo. inenge isina kuchinjwa kana ichienzaniswa neBA-64 motokari yezvombo.| Combat uremu | 2,4 t |
| Kuyera: | |
| лин | 3660 мм |
| Kuwedzera | 1690 мм |
| kureba | 1900 мм |
| Crew | 2 munhu |
| Hondo | 1 х 7,62 mm DT pfuti yemuchina |
| Zvombo | Makumi matatu |
| Kutsvaga: | |
| hull huma | 12 мм |
| shongwe yehuma | 12 мм |
| mhando yeinjini | carburetor GAZ-MM |
| Maximum simba | 50 HP |
| Maximum speed | 80 km / h |
| Simba rekuchengetedza | 300 - 500 km |
Sources:
- Maxim Kolomiets motokari dzehondo dzaStalin. Iyo Goridhe Age yeMota Dzehondo [Hondo Nesu. Kuunganidzwa kwetangi];
- Kolomiets M.V. Armor pamavhiri. Nhoroondo yeSoviet armored motokari 1925-1945;
- M. Baryatinsky. USSR armored motokari 1939-1945;
- I. Moshchansky, D. Sakhonchik "Kusunungurwa kweAustria" (Mharidzo Yehondo No. 7, 2003);
- Wydawnictwo Militaria 303 "Ba-64";
- E. Prochko. Motokari yezvombo BA-64. Amphibious GAZ-011;
- G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000".
- A. G. Solyankin, M. V. Pavlov, I. V. Pavlov, I. G. Zheltov. Mota dzehondo dzepamba. XX remakore 1941-1945;
- Zaloga, Steven J .; James Grandsen (1984). Matangi eSoviet uye Motokari dzehondo dzeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri;
- Alexander Lüdeke: akatorwa matangi eWehrmacht - Great Britain, Italy, Soviet Union uye USA 1939-45;
- Motokari yezvombo BA-64 [Autolegendy USSR #75].
