Chiedza chine mavhiri-inoteverwa tangi BT-2 Tangi yakagamuchirwa neRed Army muna May 1931. Yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwemotokari ine mavhiri inoteverwa nemugadziri weAmerican Christie uye yaive yekutanga mumhuri yeBT (Fast Tank) yakatanga muSoviet Union. Mutumbi wetangi, wakaunganidzwa nekuputika kubva pamahwendefa ezvombo nehupamhi hwe 13 mm, waiva nechikamu chebhokisi. Hatch yekupinda nemutyairi yaive yakaiswa musheti rekumberi kwechikepe. Chombo chaive chakaiswa mucylindrical riveted turret. Tangi racho raive nemhando yepamusoro. Nekuda kweiyo yekutanga dhizaini yechassis, yaigona kufamba zvese pamotokari dzinotevedzwa uye dzine mavhiri. Kudivi rimwe nerimwe kwaiva nemavhiri mana emumugwagwa ane rubberized ane chidhayamita chihombe, nemavhiri emumugwagwa wekumashure aiita semavhiri ekutyaira, uye emberi achifambiswa. Kuchinja kubva kune imwe mhando yechikwata chekufambisa kuenda kune imwe kwakatora anenge maminitsi makumi matatu. Tangi yeBT-30, sematangi akatevera emhuri yeBT, yakagadzirwa paKharkov steam locomotive plant yakatumidzwa zita rekuti I. Comintern. Makore akati wandei kubva pakupera kwe20s uye ekutanga 30s yezana ramakore rechi20 Tangi yaChristie yakashandiswa sehwaro mukusikwa kwemotokari dzekutanga dzeSoviet dzehondo, hongu, nehuwandu hwekuvandudza uye kuwedzera kwakabatana nezvombo, kutapurirana, injini uye huwandu hwemamwe ma parameter. Mushure mekuisa yakanyatsogadzirirwa turret nezvombo pane chassis yetangi reChristie, tangi nyowani yakagamuchirwa neRed Army muna 1931 ndokuiswa mukugadzirwa pasi pezita reBT-2. Pana November 7, 1931, motokari nhatu dzokutanga dzakaratidzirwa pakufora. Kusvika 1933, 623 BT-2s yakavakwa. Yekutanga kugadzirwa ine vhiri-yakateedzerwa tangi yakasarudzwa BT-2 uye yakasiyana neAmerican prototype mune akawanda magadzirirwo maficha. Chokutanga pane zvose, tangi yakanga ine turret inotenderera (yakagadzirwa nainjiniya A.A. Maloshtanov), yakashongedzerwa nemwenje (ine maburi akawanda ekuvhenekera) mavhiri emugwagwa. Imba yekurwira yakagadziridzwa zvakare - maraki ezvombo akatamiswa, midziyo mitsva yakaiswa, nezvimwe. Muviri waro waiva bhokisi rakaunganidzwa kubva pamahwendefa ezvombo akabatanidzwa ne riveting. Kumberi kwemuviri kwaive nechimiro chepiramidhi rakadamburwa. Pakumhara mutangi, gonhi repamberi rakashandiswa, iro rakavhurika rakananga pacharo. Pamusoro payo, kumadziro emberi kwedumba remutyairi, kwaiva nenhoo ine buri rekuona, iyo yakarerekera kumusoro. Mhino yacho yaiumbwa nesimbi, iyo mahwendefa ezvombo zvepamberi nepasi zvaiiswa simbi uye zvaibatanidzwa. Uye zvakare, yakashanda se crankcase yekumisikidza rack uye yekumhanyisa levers. Pombi yesimbi yainge yakarukwa kuburikidza nekukandwa, yakasungirirwa kunze kusvika kumiganhu yezvombo uye yaiitirwa kusungirira simbe cranks. Maconsoles mumhando yematatu emapepa ezvombo akaiswa welded (kana riveted) kumhino yehull kumativi ese, iyo yakashanda sechikamu chekusimbisa chepombi nemhino yehull. Maconsoles aive nemapuratifomu ekusungirira mabhafa erubha aiganhurira kufamba kwezvinobatisa zvekuvhundutsa zvemavhiri ekumberi. Madziro emadziro etangi hull akapetwa kaviri. Mashizha emadziro emukati aive akagadzirwa nesimbi isina pfuti uye aive nemaburi matatu ekupfuura kwepombi dzesimbi dzisina musono dzekuisa maekisero emavhiri emugwagwa. Kubva kunze, 5 struts inosungirirwa kumashiti ekusimbisa cylindrical spiral zvitubu zvekumiswa. Pakati pe 3rd uye 4th struts, tangi yegesi yakanga iri pamapuranga emapuranga. Dzimba dzekupedzisira dzekutyaira dzakasimudzwa kune chikamu chekumashure chezasi chemukati mehall, uye machira ekubatanidza chitubu chekumashure aiiswa kumusoro. Mashizha ekunze emadziro ane zvombo. Dzaive dzakasungirirwa kumabhuraketi echitubu. Kunze, kumativi ose, mapapiro akanga akasungirirwa pamabhureki mana. 1. Nhungamiro vhiri bracket. 2. Gumbo rekutungamira. 3. Mountain brake lever. 4.Hatch yekukwira nekudzika kwevashandi. 5. Koramu yekutungamirira. 6. Gearshift lever. 7. Front shield yemutyairi. 8.Manual nzira yekushandura shongwe. 9. Mhiripiri yemberi. 10. Shongwe. 11. Bhandi repamafudzi. 12. Injini yerusununguko. 13. Kupatsanura kwejini injini. 14.Main clutch. 15. Gearbox. 16. Mapofu. 17. Silencer. 18. Mhete. 19.Crawler drive vhiri. 20. Final drive housing. 21. Gitare. 22. Kutyaira vhiri rekufamba. 23. Fani. 24. Tangi yemafuta. 25. Kutsigira roller. 26. Horizontal spring ye front track roller. 27. Chidhiraivho chemberi. 28. Track control lever. 29.Onboard clutch Kumashure kwechigadziko chetangi kwaive nedzimba mbiri dzekupedzisira dzekutyaira, dzakaiswa uye dzakasungirirwa papombi yesimbi, yakanangidzirwa kumachira emukati; mapepa maviri - akatwasuka uye akarerekera, akasungirirwa papombi uye crankcases (mabhuraketi maviri ekukweva anoiswa kune yakatwasuka pepa), uye inobvisika yekumashure nhovo yakavhara iyo yekutapurirana compartment kubva kumashure. Mumadziro akatwasuka enhovo maive nemaburi ekupfuura nepombi dzekuburitsa. Nechekunze, silencer yakanga yakasungirirwa panhovo. Pasi pemuviri pakasimba, kubva kune rimwe bepa. Mariri, pasi pepombi yemafuta, paive nekaburi kekutsemura injini nemapulagi maviri ekudira mvura nemafuta. Denga rekumberi raive negomba rakakura rakatenderedzwa returet ine bhandi repamapendekete rakasungwa rebearinging rebhora. Pamusoro peimba yeinjini iri pakati, denga racho raibvisika, nejira raipetwa uye rakakiyiwa netambo kubva mukati; Nepanze, vharuvhu yakavhurwa nekiyi. Pakati pepepa paive negomba rekubuda kwepombi yekupa mweya kune ma carburetor. Pamativi epepa rinobviswa pamapuranga, zvidziviriro zve radiator zvakasungirirwa, pasi pemhepo yakasvetwa mukati kuti itonhodze ma radiator. Pamusoro penzvimbo yekutapurirana pakanga paine sikweya hatch yekubuda kwemhepo inopisa, yakavharwa nemapofu. Mahwendefa ezvombo zvenguva refu pamusoro penzvimbo pakati pemadziro emativi akasungirirwa kumabhuraketi echitubu ane matudhi. Pepa rega rega raive nemakomba matatu akatenderedza (yakanyanyisa kuyambuka kwechitubu chekugadzirisa magirazi, uye yepakati pamusoro pemitsipa yekuzadza tangi yegesi); rimwe gomba rine pombi raiiswa pamusoro pepombi yepombi yegesi, uye mabhuraketi matatu emabhandi ekusunga bhandi pabapiro akapetwa akaiswawo pano. Chikamu chemukati che tank hull chakakamurwa nezvikamu muzvikamu zvina: kutonga, kurwa, injini uye kutapurirana. Mune yekutanga, pedyo nechigaro chemutyairi, paiva nemalever and control pedals uye dashboard ine zviridzwa. Muchipiri, zvombo, chombo chakanga chakazara uye pakanga pane nzvimbo yemukuru wetangi (iyewo pfuti uye mutakuri). Imba yekurwira yakaparadzaniswa nekamuri reinjini nechikamu chinoputsika chine magonhi. Injini yekamuri yaive nejini, maraidhita, tangi remafuta nebhatiri; iyo yakaparadzaniswa kubva mukamuri yekutapurirana nechikamu chinoputika, icho chaive nekucheka kwefani. Ukobvu hwezvombo zvepamberi neparutivi zvehull hwaive 13 mm, nechekumashure kwehull hwaive 10 mm, uye matenga nepasi zvaive 10 mm uye 6 mm. Iyo turret yeBT-2 tank ine armored (booking ukobvu ndeye 13 mm), denderedzwa, riveted, rakadzoserwa kumashure ne50 mm. Kuseri kwaive nemudziyo wekugadzika matemhe. Kubva kumusoro, shongwe yacho yaive nechivharo chine chivharo chakazendamira mberi pamahinji maviri uye yakavharwa munzvimbo yakavharwa nekiyi. Kuruboshwe kwacho kune chivharo chakaurungana chekuratidzira mureza. Musoro weshongwe wakanga wakakomberedzwa mberi. Rusvingo rweparutivi rwakaunganidzwa kubva pamativi maviri akatsemuka. Kubva pasi, bhandi repamusoro remafudzi ebhora rakasungirirwa pashongwe. Kutenderera uye kubhureki kweshongwe kwakaitwa pachishandiswa dhizaini yekutenderera, hwaro hwayo hwaive bhokisi regiya repasi. Kuti atenderedze turret, mukuru wetangi akatenderedza vhiri nemubato. Hondo yakajairwa yeBT-2 tank yaive 37 mm B-3 (5K) cannon ye1931 modhi uye 7,62 mm DT muchina pfuti. Pfuti uye pfuti yemuchina zvakasimudzwa zvakasiyana: yekutanga muzvombo zvinofambiswa, yechipiri mubhokisi rinokwira kurudyi rwepfuti. Pfuti yakakwira angle +25°, declination -8°. Kutungamira kwakamira kwakaitwa pachishandiswa kuzorora kwepfudzi. Kupfura kwakanangwa, kuona kweteresikopu kwakashandiswa. Pfuti pfuti - 92 pfuti, muchina pfuti - 2709 kutenderera (43 discs). Matangi makumi matanhatu ekutanga akange asina bhora remhando yekumisikidza pfuti, asi chombo chetangi chakaunza dambudziko. Yaifanira kushongedza tangi ne 60-mm cannon uye pfuti yemuchina, asi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemazinoni, matangi ekutanga akashongedzerwa aine pfuti mbiri dzemuchina (iri mune imwechete yekumisikidzwa) kana kuti akange asina zvombo zvachose. . Iyo 37-mm tangi pfuti ine dhiramu kureba kwe60 calibers yaive yakasiyana ye37-mm anti-tank pfuti yemuenzaniso we1930, uye yakapedzwa chete muzhizha ra1933. Yekutanga kurongeka kwakapihwa kugadzirwa kwe350 tank pfuti paArtillery Plant # 8. Kubva panguva iyoyo tangi ye 45-mm anti-tank pfuti ye 1932 modhi yakanga yatoonekwa, kumwe kuburitswa kwepfuti 37 mm kwakasiiwa. 350 matangi aive akapakatira mapatya eDA-2 pfuti dze7,62-mm caliber, dzakaiswa mu cannon embrasure ye turret mune yakanyatso gadzirwa mask. Iyo mask pama trunnions ayo yaitenderera ichitenderedza axis yakachinjika, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kupa pfuti yemuchina nzvimbo yekukwira ye +22 ° uye kudzikira kwe -25 °. Horizontal inonongedza makona (pasina kushandura turret) yakapihwa pfuti dzemuchina nekutendeutsa yakanyatsogadzirwa swivel yakaiswa mumasiki nerubatsiro rwepini dzakamira, nepo kutenderedza angles kwakawanikwa: 6 ° kurudyi, 8 ° kuruboshwe. Kurudyi kwevaviri ava kwaive nepfuti imwe chete yeDT. Kupfura kubva pakuisa mapatya kwakaitwa nemumwe mupfuri, akamira, akatsamira chipfuva chake pabhibhi, chirebvu pachirebvu. Mukuwedzera, iyo yese yekuisa yakarara nebendekete pabendekete rekurudyi remupfuri. Zvombo zvaisanganisira 43 discs - 2709 rounds. Injini yetangi ine injini yendege ina, M-5-400 mhando (pane mimwe michina, injini yeAmerican Liberty yendege yakafanana mukugadzirwa yakaiswa), pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwemashini emhepo, feni uye flywheel. Injini simba pa1650 rpm - 400 malita. With. Iyo yemagetsi magetsi ekufambisa yaive neakawanda-disk main clutch yekuomesesa (simbi pasimbi), iyo yakaiswa pachigunwe che crankshaft, giya rinomhanya mana, maviri-multi-disk onboard clutch ane bhendi mabhureki, maviri single- nhanho yekupedzisira madhiraivha uye maviri magitare (magitare) ekutyaira kune ekumashure mavhiri emugwagwa - anotungamira kana ane vhiri. Gitare rega rega rine magiya mashanu akaiswa mu crankcase, iyo panguva imwe chete yaiita seyakaenzanirana kune yekupedzisira vhiri remugwagwa. Tangi control drives ndeyemakanika. Malever maviri anoshandiswa kubatidza njanji dzegonye, ​​uye chidhiraivho chinoshandiswa kubatidza mavhiri. Tangi yaive nemhando mbiri dzekufambisa: yekurondwa uye ine mavhiri. Yokutanga yaisanganisira cheni dzegonye mbiri, imwe neimwe iine njanji 46 (23 yakati sandara uye 23 ridge) nehupamhi hwemamirimita 260; mavhiri maviri ekumashure ane dhayamita ye640 mm; mavhiri masere emumugwagwa ane dhayamita inosvika 815 mm uye maviri madhiri ekutungamira ane matensioner. Iwo matrack rollers akamiswa ega pamacylindrical coil springs anowanikwa. ma roller matanhatu akatwasuka, pakati pemadziro emukati nekunze ehull, uye kune maviri epamberi - akatwasuka, mukati mekamuri yekurwira. Mavhiri ekutyaira uye track rollers ane rubber-coated. Iyo BT-2 yaive tangi yekutanga kuiswa musevhisi nekumiswa kwakadaro. Pamwe chete nekukosha kukuru kwesimba rakananga, iyi yaive imwe yemamiriro akakosha ekugadzira mota yekumhanya yekumhanya. Yekutanga serial Matangi BT-2s akatanga kupinda mauto muna 1932. Idzi mota dzehondo dzaiitirwa kumisa maumbirwo akazvimirira ega, mumiriri chete uyo panguva iyoyo muRed Army aive 1st mechanized brigade yainzi K. B. Kalinovsky, yakamira mudunhu remasoja reMoscow. Kuumbwa kwerutsigiro rwekurwa kwebrigade kwaisanganisira "battalion yematangi anoparadza", ane mota dzeBT-2. Kushanda muuto kwakaratidza kukanganisa kwakawanda kwematangi eBT-2. Injini dzaisavimbika dzaiwanzotadza, nzira dzegonye dzaigadzirwa nesimbi dzemhando yakaderera dzaiparadzwa. Hapana diki diki raive dambudziko remaspare parts. Saka, muhafu yekutanga ye1933, iyo indasitiri yakabudisa makumi masere chete emitambo. BT matangi. Tactical uye hunyanzvi maitiro   BT-2 pamwe nekuiswa YES-2 BT-2 (kusvuta- machine gun) BT-5 (1933 g.) BT-5 (1934 g.) Kurwisa uremu, t 10.2 11 11.6 11,9 Boka, vanhu 2 3 3 3 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 5500 5500 5800 5800 Upamhi, mm 2230 2230 2230 2230 Kureba, mm 2160 2160 2250 2250 Kubvisa, mm 350 350 350 350 Hondo Pfuti   37 mamirimita B-3 45 mamirimita 20k 45 mamirimita 20k Machine pfuti 2 × 7,62 DT 7,62 DT 7,62DT 7.62 DT Zvombo (ine walkie-talkie / isina walkie-talkie): makomba   92 105 72/115 cartridges 2520 2709 2700 2709 Reservation, mm: hull huma 13 13 13 13 hull side 13 13 13 13 shure 13 13 13 1Z shongwe yehuma 13 13 17 15 parutivi rweshongwe 13 13 17 15 tower feed 13 13 17 15 denga reshongwe 10 10 10 10 Injini "Rusununguko" "Rusununguko" M-5 M-5 Simba, hp 400 400 365 365 Max. kumhanya kwemugwagwa, panzira / mavhiri, km / h 52/72 52/72 53/72 53/72 Kufamba mumugwagwa mukuru tracks / mavhiri, km 160/200 160/200 150/200 150/200 Onawo: "T-26 light tank (single turret version)" Kugara kwemotokari dzehondo kwakasiya zvakawanda zvaidiwa, umo kwaipisa muzhizha uye kutonhora zvakanyanya muchando. Kuputsika kwakawanda kwakabatana nedanho rakaderera kwazvo rekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi kwevashandi. Pasinei nekukanganisa kwese uye kuoma kwekushanda, matangi akadanana nematangi eBT nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwesimba, hwavakashandisa zvakanyanya. Saka, pakazosvika 1935, panguva yekudzidzira, vashandi veBT vakanga vatoita kusvetuka kukuru mumotokari dzavo pamusoro pezvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana-siyana nemamita 15-20, uye motokari imwe neimwe "yakakwanisa" kusvetuka kusvika mamita makumi mana. Matangi BT-2s yainyatsoshandiswa mukurwisana kwezvombo uko USSR yakatora chikamu. Somuenzaniso, pane kutaurwa kwakadaro kwekurwisana paRwizi rweKhalkhin-Gol: Musi waChikunguru 3, mauto eJapan ehondo yevacheche akayambuka Khalkhin-Gol, akatora nzvimbo iri pedyo neMount Bain-Tsagan. Boka rechipiri rakafamba richitevedza mahombekombe erwizi nedonzvo rekugura kubva pakuyambuka uye kuparadza zvikwata zvedu kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva. Kuchengetedza zuva, 11th Tank Brigade (132 BT-2 uye BT-5 matangi) yakakandwa mukurwisa. Matangi akaenda pasina kutsigirwa kwevacheche uye artillery, izvo zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru, asi basa racho rakapedzwa: pazuva rechitatu maJapan vakadzingwa kubva munzvimbo dzavo kumadokero kwebhangi. Pashure paikoko, kuterama kwakasimbiswa kumberi. Mukuwedzera, BT-2 yakatora chikamu mumushandirapamwe weRusununguko kumadokero kweUkraine muna 1939, muhondo yeSoviet-Finnish uye munguva yekutanga yeGreat Patriotic War. Pakazara, munguva kubva 1932 kusvika 1933. 208 BT-2 matangi akagadzirwa mune cannon-muchina-pfuti shanduro uye 412 mune muchina-pfuti shanduro. Sources: Svirin M. N. “Nhumbi dzokurwa dzakasimba. Nhoroondo yeSoviet tank. 1919-1937”; G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; Chiedza matangi BT-2 uye BT-5 [Bronekollektsiya 1996-01] (M. Baryatinsky, M. Kolomiets); M. Kolomiets "Matangi muHondo Yechando" ("Mufananidzo wepamberi"); Mikhail Svirin. Matangi enguva yaStalin. Superencyclopedia. "Golden nguva yeSoviet tank kuvaka"; Shunkov V., "Red Army"; M. Pavlov, I. Zheltov, I. Pavlov. "BT Tanks".