Chiedza tangi M24 "Chaffee" Chiedza tangi M24, Chaffee. M24 tangi yakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1944. Yakanga yakarongedzerwa kushandiswa muzvikamu zvekucherechedzwa zvevacheche uye mapoka ezvombo, pamwe chete nemauto emhepo. Kunyangwe iyo mota nyowani yakashandiswa yakaparadzana M3 neM5 mayuniti (semuenzaniso, giya bhokisi uye yekubatanidza mvura), iyo M24 tangi inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yakatangira muchimiro chehull uye turret, simba rezvombo, uye dhizaini yepasi. Iyo hull uye turret zvakasungwa. Mahwendefa ezvombo akaenzana nehukobvu hwakafanana neaya eM5 akatevedzana, asi anowanikwa pamakona makuru ekurerekera kune yakatwasuka. Kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa mumunda, mapepa echikamu chemashure chedenga rehull anobviswa, uye hatch huru inogadzirwa musheti yepamusoro yepamusoro. Mune chassis, 5 mavhiri emugwagwa wepakati dhayamita pabhodhi uye yemunhu torsion bar kusimiswa anoshandiswa. Pfuti ye75 mm yakagadziridzwa uye 7,62 mm muchina pfuti coaxial nayo yakaiswa mu turret. Imwe 7,62 mm pfuti yemuchina yaive yakaiswa mujoini yebhora mundiro yekumberi. A 12,7 mm anti-aircraft machine pfuti yakaiswa padenga reshongwe. Kuti uvandudze kurongeka kwepfuti kubva kune cannon, Westinghouse-type gyroscopic stabilizer yakaiswa. Nhepfenyuro mbiri dzeredhiyo uye tank intercom zvakashandiswa senzira yekukurukurirana. M24 matangi akashandiswa pachikamu chekupedzisira cheHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, uye munguva yehondo yakanga iri kushanda nenyika dzakawanda dzepasi.   Kuenzaniswa nemwenje tangi M5, iyo yakatsiva iyo, iyo M24 yaireva danho rakakosha kumberi, iyo M24 yakapfuura mota dzese dzakareruka dzeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri maererano nekudzivirira kwezvombo uye firepower, sekufamba, tangi nyowani yakanga isina kushomeka maneuverability. kupfuura yakatangira M5. Yayo 75-mm cannon yaive yakanaka sepfuti yeSherman maererano nehunhu hwayo uye yakapfuura zvombo zvematangi mazhinji epakati eiyo modhi ya1939 maererano nemoto. Shanduko dzakakomba dzakaitwa kudhizaini yehull uye chimiro che turret yakabatsira kubvisa kusagadzikana, kuderedza kureba kwetangi uye nekupa nhumbi dzezvombo dzakatenderedza angles. Pakugadzira iyo Chaffee, kutarisisa kwakabhadharwa kupa mukana nyore kune iyo huru. zvikamu nemagungano. Basa rekugadzira kuisa 75 mm pfuti pane tangi rakajeka rakatanga panguva imwe chete nekugadzirwa kwetangi repakati rine pfuti imwechete. Iyo 75 mm T17 self-propelled howitzer, yakavakirwa paM1E3 yehondo, yaive nhanho yekutanga munzira iyi, uye gare gare, paidiwa tangi rechiedza rine firepower yakafanana neM4, iyo M8 yekuzvimirira. propelled howitzer yakaitwa shanduko inoenderana. Akashongedzerwa ne 75 mm M3 cannon, modhi iyi yakagamuchira, kunyangwe isiri pamutemo, zita M8A1. Yakanga yakavakirwa paM5 chassis, inokwanisa kutsungirira mitoro inomuka pakupfura pfuti ye75-mm, asi iyo M8A1 vhezheni yakanyimwa hunhu hukuru huri mutangi. Zvinodiwa zvemotokari itsva zvaisanganisira kuchengetedza simba resimendi rimwe chete rakanga rakashongedzerwa neM5A1, kuvandudza chasi, kuderedza uremu hwekurwa kusvika matani 16,2 uye kushandisa chengetedzo ine ukobvu hunosvika 25,4 mm nemakona akaremerwa ekurerekera. Kukanganisa kukuru kweM5A1 kwaive vhoriyamu diki ye turret yayo, iyo yaidzivirira mukana wekuisa 75 mm pfuti. Ipapo pakava nechikumbiro chekuvaka tangi rechiedza T21, asi muchina uyu unorema matani 21,8 wakazove wakanyanya kurema. Ipapo tangi yechiedza T7 yakakwezva kutarisa kwekuraira kwemauto etangi. Asi motokari iyi yakagadzirwa nehurongwa hwemauto eBritish pfuti ye57 mm, uye apo veAmerica vakaedza kuisa pfuti 75 mm pairi, uremu hwemuenzaniso wakaguma wakawedzera zvokuti T7 yakatamira muchikamu chepakati. matangi. Iko kugadziridzwa kutsva kwakatanga kuenzaniswa seM7 yepakati tangi yakashongedzerwa ne75 mm cannon, uye ipapo kumira kwakamiswa nekuda kwezvinetso zvekugadzirisa izvo zvakazomuka nekuda kwekuvapo kwematangi maviri epakati epakati. Muna Gumiguru 1943, kambani yeCadillac, iyo yaive chikamu cheGeneral Motors Corporation, yakapa samples dzemotokari yaizadzisa zvinodiwa pamberi. Muchina, wakasarudzwa T24, wakagutsa zvikumbiro zvekuraira kwemauto etangi, iyo yakaraira zviuru zana, pasina kana kumirira kutanga kwebvunzo. Mukuwedzera, sampuli dzeT1000E24 kugadziriswa nejini kubva kuM1 tank muparadzi zvakarayirwa, asi chirongwa ichi chakakurumidza kusiyiwa. Tangi yeT24 yaive ine 75 mm T13E1 pfuti ine TZZ recoil mudziyo uye 7,62 mm muchina pfuti pane T90 furemu. Huremu hunogamuchirika hwekanoni hunotsanangurwa nekuti iyo yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweM5 ndege pfuti uye zita rayo idzva M6 raingoreva kuti raifanira kukwidzwa kwete pane ndege, asi patangi. Kufanana neT7, mapatya eCadillac injini dzakaiswa skid kuti dzifambise kugadzirisa. Sezvineiwo, Cadillac yakasarudzwa kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweT24 chaizvo nekuti iyo T24 neM5A1 yaive neyakafanana magetsi chirimwa. PaT24, kumiswa kwe torsion bar ye undercarriage yeM18 tank muparadzi yakashandiswa. Pane fungidziro yokuti rudzi urwu rwekumiswa rwakagadzirwa nevagadziri veGermany, chaizvoizvo, American patent ye torsion bar suspension yakabudiswa muna December 1935 kuna W.E. Preston naJ.M.). Iyo yepasi yemuchina mavhiri mavhiri emugwagwa akavharwa nerabha ane dhayamita ye1946 cm, vhiri remberi uye chidhiraivho (pabhodhi). Kufara kwemakwara kwakasvika 63,5 cm. Mutumbi weT24 wakanga wakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakungurutswa. Ukobvu hwepamusoro hwezvikamu zvemberi zvakasvika 63,5 mm. Mune dzimwe, nzvimbo dzisinganyanyi kukosha, nhumbi dzokurwa dzaive dzakatetepa - zvikasadaro tangi yaisakwana muchikamu chechiedza. Chivharo chikuru chinobvisika mune yakarerekera kumberi pepa yakapa mukana wekutonga system. Mutyairi nemubatsiri wake vaive nemadhiraivha avaikwanisa. Muna July 1944, T24 yakaitwa pasi pezita reM24 light tank uye yakagamuchira zita rokuti "Chaffee" muuto. Pakazosvika June 1945, 4070 yemichina iyi yakanga yatovakwa. Vachiomerera kune pfungwa yeboka rehondo rakareruka, vagadziri veAmerica vakagadzira akati wandei anozvisimudzira artillery mounts pahwaro hweM24 chassis, iyo yainyanya kufadza yaive T77 multi-barrel ZSU: turret nyowani ine matanhatu-mbiramu. pfuti yemuchina we24-caliber yakaiswa pane yakajairwa M12,7 chassis, iyo yakagadziridzwa zvidiki. Neimwe nzira, muchina uyu wakava prototype yemazuva ano, zvakare matanhatu-barreled, anti-ndege system "Volcano". M24 payainge ichiri kugadzirwa, mauto epasi aitarisira kuti chiedza chitsva tangi inogona kutakurwa nemhepo. Asi kunyangwe kutakura yakareruka M54 Locast tangi nendege yeS-22, turret yaifanira kubviswa. Kuuya kweC-82 yekutakura ndege ine simba rekutakura rematani gumi yakaita kuti zvikwanise kutakura M10 nemhepo, asiwo ne turret yakabviswa. Zvisinei, nzira iyi yaida nguva yakawanda, basa uye zvinhu zvokunyama. Pamusoro pezvo, ndege hombe dzekutakura dzakatogadzirwa dzinogona kutora mota dzehondo dzemhando yeChaffee pasina kubviswa. Pashure pehondo, "Chaffee" akanga ari mubasa nemauto enyika dzinoverengeka uye akatora chikamu mukurwisana muKorea uye Indochina. Iyi tangi yakabudirira kubata nekuitwa kweakasiyana siyana emabasa uye yakashanda sehwaro hwekuedzwa kwakawanda. Saka, semuenzaniso, shongwe yeFrench tank AMX-24 yakaiswa paM13 chassis; panzvimbo yekuyedza muAberdeen, kugadziridzwa kweM24 kwakaedzwa nekumiswa kwetirakita yeGerman 12-tani nemakonye kwezvikamu zvitatu zvechasi, zvisinei, apo prototype yakanga ichifamba munzira, mhedzisiro yebvunzo yakanga isiri. satisfactory; pfuti ye24-mm ine automatic loading yakaiswa paM76 marongerwo, asi zvinhu hazvina kupfuura kuedza uku; uye, pakupedzisira, shanduro ye "anti-personnel" yeT31 yakapararira migodhi yekuparadzanisa kumativi ose ehull kuitira kudzivirira vavengi vevavengi kubva pedyo netangi. Mukuwedzera, pfuti mbiri dze 12,7 mm dzakaiswa pabhokisi remukuru, iyo yakawedzera zvakanyanya moto wemoto unowanikwa kune mukuru wetangi. Ongororo yechiitiko cheBritish chekurwa muWestern Desert muna 1942, apo 8th Army yakashandisa M3, yakaratidza kuti matangi ekuAmerica anovimbisa angada zvombo zvakasimba. Muchiedzo chekuedza, panzvimbo yeHowitzer, 8-mm tank pfuti yakaiswa paM75 self-propelled pfuti. Miedzo yemoto yakaratidza mukana wekushongedza iyo M5 nepfuti ye75-mm caliber. Yekutanga yemhando mbiri dzekuyedza, yakasarudzwa T24, yakaunzwa kumauto muna Gumiguru 1943, uye yakave yakabudirira zvekuti ATC yakakurumidza kubvumidza odha yeindasitiri yemotokari 1000, yakazowedzera kusvika 5000. Cadillac naMassey-Harris vakatora kugadzirwa, kwakabatanidzwa kubva munaKurume 1944 kusvika pakupera kwehondo mota dze4415 (kusanganisira pfuti dzinozvifambisa pachasisi yavo), dzichibvisa mota dzeM5 dzakateedzana kubva mukugadzirwa. Maitiro ekuita Combat uremu 18,4 t Kuyera:   лин 5000 мм Kuwedzera 2940 мм kureba 2770 мм Crew 4 - 5 munhu Hondo 1 x 75-mm M5 Cannon 2 х 7,62 mm pfuti dzemuchina 1 х 12,7 mm pfuti yemuchina Zvombo 48 shells 4000 rounds Kutsvaga:   hull huma 25,4 мм shongwe yehuma 38 мм mhando yeinjini carburetor "Cadillac" mhando 42 Maximum simba 2x110 zvapano Maximum speed 55 km / h Simba rekuchengetedza 200 km Michina yekuyedza uye mamwe mapurojekiti: Iyo T24E1 yaive T24 yekuyedza yaifambiswa neinjini yeContinental R-975 uye gare gare ine 75mm kanoni yakatambanudzwa ine muromo webhureki. Sezvo M24 yakave yakabudirira zvikuru neCadillac injini, hapana rimwe basa rakaitwa nemuchina uyu. Iyo 75-mm Mb cannon yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwehombe-caliber ndege pfuti yakashandiswa paMitchell mabhomba uye yaive nemidziyo yekudzoreredza yakatenderedza bhomba, izvo zvakaderedza zvakanyanya kukura kwepfuti. Muna May 1944, T24 yakagamuchirwa kushanda seM24 light tank. Mauto kuendeswa kweM24 yekutanga kwakatanga mukupera kwa1944, uye akashandiswa mumwedzi yekupedzisira yehondo, achisara ari akajairwa matangi emauto eAmerica mushure mehondo. Zvichienderana nekuvandudzwa kwetangi nyowani yemwenje, zvakasarudzwa kugadzira chassis yeboka rehondo remhando dzemhando dzemotokari - matangi, pfuti dzinozvifambisa uye mota dzakakosha, izvo zvakafambisa kugadzirwa, kugovera uye kushanda. Misiyano yakawanda uye kugadziridzwa kwakaitwa zvinoenderana neiyi pfungwa inoratidzwa pazasi. Vese vaive nejini imwechete, kutapurirana uye chassis zvikamu seM24. M24 zvigadziriso: ZSU M19. Muchina uyu, wakavakirwa kudzivirira mhepo, pakutanga wakagadzwa T65E1 uye yaive kugadzirwa kweT65 self-propelled pfuti ine mapatya 40-mm anti-ndege pfuti yakaiswa kumashure kwehull uye injini pakati pehull. Kuvandudzwa kweZSU kwakavambwa neATS pakati pegore ra1943, uye muna Nyamavhuvhu 1944, payakatanga kushanda pasi pezita reM19, mota 904 dzakarairwa. Zvakadaro, mazana maviri nemakumi masere neshanu chete ndiwo akavakwa pakapera hondo.MaM285 akaramba ari nhumbi dzehondo dzeUS Army kwemakore mazhinji mushure mehondo. SAU M41. Iyo prototype yemuchina weT64E1 ndeye yakagadziridzwa yega-propelled howitzer T64, yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweM24 yakatevedzana tangi uye yakasiyaniswa nayo nekusavapo kweiyo turret yemutungamiriri uye madiki madiki. T6E1 -light class BREM project, kusimudzira kwayo kwakamiswa pakupera kwehondo. T81 - chirongwa chekuisa 40-mm anti-ndege pfuti uye maviri muchina pfuti ye12,7 mm caliber pane T65E1 (M19) chassis. T78 - purojekiti yekuvandudzwa kweiyo T77E1. T96 - purojekiti yedhaka rakazvimiririra rine 155-mm T36 pfuti. T76 (1943) - muenzaniso weM37 self-propelled howitzer. Mubasa reBritish: Nhamba shoma yematangi eM24 akaunzwa kuBritain muna 1945 yakaramba ichishandira neBritish Army kwenguva yakati mushure mehondo. Mubasa reBritish, M24 yakapihwa zita rekuti "Chaffee", rakazogamuchirwa neUS Army. Sources: V. Malginov. Chiedza matangi ekunze kwenyika 1945-2000. (Armored Collection Nha. 6 (45) - 2002); M. Baryatinsky. Motokari dzehondo dzeU.SA 1939-1945. (Armored Collection Nha. 3 (12) - 1997); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; M24 Chaffee Light Tank 1943-85 [Osprey New Vanguard 77]; Thomas Berndt. Matangi eAmerica eHondo Yenyika II; Steven J. Zaloga. US Light Tangi [26 Hondo Matangi]; M24 Chaffee [Zvombo muProfile AFV-Zvombo 6]; M24 Chaffee [TANKS - Yezvombo zvekuunganidza Motokari 47].