Chiedza Tamer muTurban - Narinder Singh Kapani
MumaXNUMXs muDehradun, guta reIndia riri pazasi peHimalayas, mudzidzisi wesainzi akatsanangurira vadzidzi vake kuti chiedza chinofamba mumutsara wakatwasuka. Mumwe wevaoni aive Narinder Singh Kapani, ane dingindira rakafadza. Mune ramangwana, achaita optical fibers, auye nezita kwavari uye anokunda anopfuura zana patents mumunda we optics.
Akazvarwa muna 1927 muMoga, guta riri mudunhu rePunjab. Kapani akatanga rwendo rwake neoptics nekuyedza nekamera yeKodak Box.kupihwa nababa vangu. Akabvisa mudziyo uyu kuti aone kuti unoshanda sei. Akarangarira nguva yaakaona kuti mudzidzisi aive asiriye, uye kuti nekuda kwemalenzi nemaprisms, zvirinani. shandura nzira yechiedza.
Zvido zvehunyanzvi zvakasarudza sarudzo yekuwedzera dzidzo. Akasarudza Agra University. Kuwedzera tsvagiridzo munzvimbo iyi advanced optics Akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake paImperial College London. Zvakabudirira, sezvaakakurumidza kugamuchira kuyanana kubva kuRoyal Society of Engineers.
Chiedza chekutumira tambo
Kunyange zvazvo akazvisiyanisa nemano ake uye kushingaira, haana kuronga basa resayenzi panguva iyoyo. Aizodzokera kuIndia otanga bhizimusi rake. Pakupedzisira, zvirongwa zvakashandiswa, uye akagutsikana neizvi neMutungamiriri wekutanga weIndia, Jawaharlal Nehru. Uyu wezvematongerwo enyika aifarira zvesainzi uye hunyanzvi, aida kusimudzira nyika, saka aida kuwana musayendisiti wechidiki ane tarenda kuti ashande kuIndia. VaKapan vaitofanira kuva vapi vemazano vezvesainzi kuBazi reZviviriro.
Narinder akatosvika pakushanda pamapurojekiti ekutanga Optical instruments yefekitari yezvombo muIndia. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutora nguva refu, sezvo akakurumidza kudzokera kuLondon kunopedzisa Ph.D yake. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuramba mukana wakadaro. Kapans zvino aigona kuita tsvakiridzo achitungamirwa napurofesa Harold Hopkins, nyanzvi yefizikisi yokuBritain, akasarudzwa kaviri kuti awane Mubayiro weNobel. Yakanga iri kuvonga kwaari kuti muIndia akatanga kufarira kushandiswa kweoptics mukurapa. Uye Prof. Hopkins akafarira musayendisiti wechidiki nekuda kwekugona kwake kuona mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa kwavo kwakabatana mukuita.
Narinder Singh Kapani makore apfuura
Ipapo ndipo apo Narinder wechidiki aishanda paImperial College. nzira ye optical rays kuburikidza negirazi fiberuye muna 1953, kekutanga, iyo yaimbove isingasviki yemhando yekufambiswa kwechifananidzo pamusoro pehombe bundle ye optical fibers yakawanikwa. Kubudirira kwaakaita kwakamuwanisa doctorate uye kwakagadzira nzira yebasa renyika dzese. Chiitiko chebudiriro yaive musangano nevasayendisiti vekuAmerica panguva yemusangano wesainzi muna 1954 muItaly. Trapped ikoko akapa hurukuro yake yokutanga pamusoro pemafibhi optical. Vakapa mhedzisiro yebasa ravo naProf. Harold Hopkins uye ese ari maviri airatidza kuti yakamonyoroka fiberglass inoendesa mwenje.
Nokudaro, makore gare gare, Kapan akabvumikisa kune aichimbova mudzidzisi wake kuti akanga asina kururama uye kuti light wave haifanire kungofamba mumutsara wakatwasuka, uye danda refiberglass, kunyangwe rakakombama, igwara rakanaka rekufambisa mwenje wakabatwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, vaongorori kubva kuImperial College uye Charles Tainteriyo yakavakwa muna 1880 foni - chishandiso chinokutendera kuti utumire izwi, rinoshandurwa kuita mwenje wechiedza uye uchitumira kune chinhambwe che213 metres kune anogamuchira.
Kune vadzidzi vanoteerera kuverenga kwaCapani pamusangano muItaly, kukosha kwezvakawanikwa maererano nekugona kutapurirana kuburikidza. bundle ye optical fibers zvaiva pachena. Capani akasiya Congress semudzidzi ane mukurumbira, achitora chinzvimbo chitsva pabhodhi revadzidzisi paAmerican University yeRochester. Paiyi yunivhesiti yepamusoro paive nemapiyona fakaroti yeInstitute of Optics, yakagadzira yekutanga munyika, yakagadzirwa muna 1929 nekuda kwezvipo, kusanganisira. Kodak. Mugore iroro, magazini "Nature" akaburitsa basa raKapani pamagetsi emaziso.
Iye zvino Kapani akakwanisa kukudziridza chido chake uye kuenderera mberi tsvakiridzo ine chekuita nekufambiswa kwechiedza kuburikidza negirazi waveguides... Muna 1956 yakagadzira yekutanga optical fiberasi zita repamutemo raakauya naro rakanga risati rava nguva inogamuchirwa. Muna 1960, Capani akanyora nyaya yezvaakawana mumagazini yesayenzi yakakurumbira inonzi Scientific American. Kubva panguva iyoyo chete, zita rakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti weIndia rakave rakakurumbira, uye muCalifornia.
Ikoko akadzidzisa kumayunivhesiti epamusoro pasi rose, paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, Santa Cruz uye Stanford University. Pakazosvika 1965, akange anyora kana kunyora pamwe mapepa makumi mashanu nematanhatu esainzi achitsvaga mari yezvirongwa zvake zvekutsvagisa, izvo zvaive zvichiri kunzi zvine njodzi.
Akavamba kambani yake yeOptics Technology pedyo nePalo Alto neStanford University kwaaishanda. Nzvimbo iyi yaive yakakosha kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvakare. Saka kwakazvarwa ukuru hweSilicon Valley. Draper Fund, Gaither & Anderson, iyo yakapa mari muzvirongwa zveKapani, yaive imwe yemakambani ekutanga mabhizimusi kuWest Coast.
Kuvambwa kwe optical tekinoroji muna 1960
Muvambi, uyo akazove mukuru wema investor, akabatsira kutora matanho ekutanga mubhizinesi Silicon Valley, Thomas J. Perkins, semutungamiriri webhizimisi wemuIndia ane chipo chekutanga. Kudyidzana kwevarume vaviri ava kwaive kwengano, kuine nyaya dzekurwa kumashure. Zvichida mune chimwe chokwadi mavari, nokuti Perkins aifanira kuudza vashandi vake kuti aida kuveza chirevo paguva rake: "Ndichiri kumuvenga." Pakupedzisira, Perkins akasiya Optics Technology uye Kapani akabudirira kutanga mamwe makambani efiber akadai seKaptron Inc., K2 Optronics. Akakwanisa kunyora imwe yemakambani aakatanga paNew York Stock Exchange.
Kurangarira Sikh Identity
Mhedzisiro yetsvakurudzo yake pamusoro fiber optic kutaurirana, lasers, biomedical equipment, simba rezuva i kuongorora kusvibiswa paive nepamusoro pezana rematendi uye kubatira pamwe neakawanda nzanga dzesainzi, kusanganisira. kubva kuRoyal Academy yeUinjiniya uye Optical Society yeAmerica.
Pasinei nokubudirira kwake mubhizimisi, akaramba ari murume ane mwero uye ari philanthropist ane rupo. Akapa mari kusikwa muna 1999 yeDhipatimendi reOptoelectronics kuUC Santa Cruz. Gore risati rasvika akatanga Dhipatimendi reSikh Zvidzidzo paYunivhesiti yeSanta Barbara.. Aibva kumhuri yechiSikh. Ainge akapfeka ngowani, masutu akasonerwa nematayi, uye aitaura chiRungu chine mutsindo wakakora wekuAmerica. Hapana mubvunzo piyona mune fiber optic tekinoroji aidada nemidzi yake. Kare muma60s, pamwe chete nemukadzi wake Satinder Kaur, vakavamba hwaro muCalifornia iyo inosimudzira tsika uye nhaka yevaSikh. Akaunganidza imwe yekuunganidza kukuru kweSikh art munyika, chikamu chekuunganidza chakapiwa muna 2003 neMuseum yeAsia Art muSan Francisco, uko Satinder Kaur Kapani Gallery yeSikh Art yakagadzirwa, i.e. yekutanga yekusingaperi Sikh art gallery muWest. Kunyangwe aigara muUS kwenguva yakareba, akatsigira nemari vadzidzi veSikh kubva kuPunjab.
Dr. Narinder Singh Kapani vakagamuchira mibairo yakati wandei inosanganisira Excellence Award 2000 kubva kuAmerican Pan-Asian American Chamber of Commerce muna 1998, Pravasi Bharati Award kubva kuHurumende yeIndia muna 2008, Honorary Doctorate kubva kuGuru Nanak Dev University, Fiat Lux Award. kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia muna 2008, Asia Game Changer West Award muna 2019 uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Muna 1999, magazini yeFortune yakamutumidza kuti mumwe wevanhu vanomwe vakapesvedzera hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu vazhinji muzana ramakore re2020. Akafa muna Zvita 94, XNUMX aine makore XNUMX.
