Yedza Dhiraivha Audi Injini Mutsetse - Chikamu 1: 1.8 TFSI

Iwo emhando yedhiraivha mayuniti emhando ndiyo epitome yezvinoshamisa zvepamusoro-tech mhinduro.

Dzakateedzana nezve dzinonyanya kunakidza mota dzekambani

Kana isu tiri kutsvaga muenzaniso weiri-rinotarisisa hurongwa hwehupfumi hunovimbisa kusimudzira kwekambani, saka Audi inogona kuve yakanakisa muenzaniso mune izvi. Mumakore makumi manomwe, hapana kana munhu aigona kufungidzira chokwadi chekuti ikozvino kambani kubva kuIngolstadt ichave mukwikwidzi akaenzana kuzita rakamisikidzwa seMercedes-Benz. Mhinduro kuzvikonzero izvi inogona kuwanikwa zvakanyanya muchirogani chechiratidzo "Kufambira mberi kuburikidza nematekinoroji", inova hwaro hwenzira yakabudirira kuyambuka nzira yakaoma kuenda kuchikamu chekutanga. Nzvimbo isina munhu ane mvumo yekukanganisa uye inongopa zvakanakisa. Izvo izvo Audi uye chete mashoma emamwe makambani anogona kuita anovimbisa ivo kudiwa kune kwavo zvigadzirwa uye kubudirira kweakafanana parameter, asi zvakare mutoro wakakura, unoda kugara uchifamba pamucheto weye tekinoroji reza.

Sechikamu cheVW Group, Audi ine mukana wekushandisa zvizere mikana yekusimudzira yekambani hombe. Chero matambudziko ane VW, nemashandisirwo ayo epagore eR&D anosvika mabhiriyoni gumi emaeuro, boka iri rinotungamira runyorwa rwemakambani makumi mashanu akasimwa mari zvakanyanya mumunda, pamberi pehofori dzakaita seSamsung Electronics, Microsoft, Intel neToyota (uko kukosha uku kunosvika. anopfuura mabhiriyoni manomwe emaeuro). Nechega, Audi iri padyo neBMW mune aya ma parameter, nekudyara kwavo kwe10 bhiriyoni euros. Nekudaro, chikamu chemari yakasimwa muAudi chinouya zvisina kunanga kubva kuhomwe huru yeboka reVW, sezvo budiriro ichishandiswawo nemamwe mabhureki. Pakati penzvimbo huru dzechiito ichi matekinoroji ekugadzira zvimiro zvemwenje, zvemagetsi, kutumira uye, hongu, madhiraivha. Uye zvino tasvika kune zvakakosha zvechinhu ichi, icho chikamu chezvikamu zvedu, zvinomiririra mhinduro dzemazuva ano mumunda weinjini dzinopisa mukati. Nekudaro, sechikamu chevakuru cheVW, Audi zvakare inogadzira mutsara wemagetsi emagetsi akagadzirirwa zvakanyanya kana chete emotokari dzeAudi, uye isu tichakuudza nezvavo pano.

1.8 TFSI: muenzaniso wehunyanzvi hwepamusoro mune zvese nzira

Nhoroondo yeAudi ye-in-line ina-cylinder TFSI injini inodzokera kumashure pakati pa2004, apo nyika yekutanga EA113 yakananga jekiseni peturu turbocharger yakaburitswa se2.0 TFSI. Makore maviri gare gare, shanduro ine simba yeAudi S3 yakaonekwa. Kubudirira kweiyo modular pfungwa EA888 ine camshaft dhiraivha neketani zvakatotanga muna 2003, nguva pfupi isati yatanga EA113 ine bhandi renguva.

Nekudaro, iyo EA888 yakavakwa kubva pasi kumusoro seinjini yepasi rose yeVW Group. Chizvarwa chekutanga chakaunzwa muna 2007 (se1.8 TFSI uye 2.0 TFSI); nekuiswa kweAudi Valvelift variable valve timing system uye matanho akawanda ekuderedza kupesana kwemukati, chizvarwa chechipiri chakaonekwa muna 2009, uye chizvarwa chechitatu (2011 TFSI uye 1.8 TFSI) chakatevera pakupera kwe2.0. Iwo mana-cylinder EA113 uye EA888 akatevedzana akawana budiriro inoshamisa yeAudi, kuhwina huwandu hwegumi ane mukurumbira International Engine of the Year mibairo uye gumi Best Injini. Basa revainjiniya ndere kugadzira modular injini ine kusimuka kwe10 uye 1,8 litres, yakagadziridzwa kune ese ari maviri transverse uye longitudinal kuisirwa, ine yakadzikira zvakanyanya kukweshera kwemukati uye kubuda, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvitsva, kusanganisira Euro 2,0, nekuita kwakagadziridzwa. kutsungirira uye kuderedzwa uremu. Kubva paEA6 Generation 888, iyo EA3 Generation 888B yakagadzirwa uye yakaunzwa gore rapfuura, ichishanda pamusimboti wakafanana neMiller musimboti. Tichazotaura nezvazvo gare gare.

Izvi zvese zvinonzwika zvakanaka, asi sezvatichaona, zvinoda basa rakawanda rekusimudzira kuti zvibudirire. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe torque kubva pa250 kusvika 320 Nm zvichienzaniswa neyakatangira 1,8-lita, vagadziri vanogona ikozvino kushandura giya reshiyo kune yakareba ratios, izvo zvakare zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Mupiro wakakura kune wekupedzisira ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji mhinduro, iyo yakazoshandiswa nenhamba yemamwe makambani. Aya mapombi ekupedza akabatanidzwa mumusoro, ayo anopa kugona kukurumidza kusvika kushanda tembiricha uye inotonhorera magasi pasi pemutoro wakakwira uye kudzivirira kudiwa kwekupfumisa musanganiswa. Sarudzo yakadai ine musoro zvakanyanya, asi zvakare yakaoma kwazvo kuita, yakapihwa musiyano mukuru wekushisa pakati pezvinwiwa pamativi ese epombi dzekuunganidza. Nekudaro, zvakanakira zvakare zvinosanganisira mukana weimwe compact dhizaini, iyo, pamusoro pekudzikisa huremu, inovimbisa ipfupi uye yakanyanya kunaka gasi nzira kuenda kune turbine uye yakawanda compact module yekumanikidza kuzadza uye kutonhora kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa. Tichifunga, izvi zvinonzwikawo zvepakutanga, asi kuita kwekuita idambudziko chairo kune nyanzvi dzekukanda. Kukanda cylinder yakaoma musoro, ivo vanogadzira yakakosha maitiro vachishandisa inosvika gumi nembiri moyo yesimbi.

Zvichienderana kutonhora kudzora

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukuderedza kunwa kwemafuta kunoenderana neyakaitika yekusvika iyo tembiricha yekushanda yeanotonhora. Iyo yakangwara kudzora system yeiyo yekupedzisira inobvumidza iyo kumisa zvachose kutenderera kwayo kusvika yasvika pakushanda kwekushanda, uye kana izvi zvikaitika, tembiricha inogara ichitariswa zvichienderana neinjini mutoro. Kugadzira nzvimbo ine mafashama anotonhorera mapaipi ekudzimisa, pane iko kwakanyanya kupisa tembiricha, raive dambudziko hombe. Kune izvi, yakaoma komputa yekuongorora modhi yakagadzirwa, kusanganisira huwandu hwese gasi / aluminium / inotonhorera. Nekuda kweiyo chaiyo yekudziya kwakasimba kwenzvimbo yemvura munzvimbo ino uye chaicho chinodiwa chekugadzirisa tembiricha yakakwana, polymer rotor control module inoshandiswa, iyo inotsiva echinyakare thermostat. Nekudaro, padanho rekudziya, kutenderera kweanotonhora kwakadzivirirwa zvachose.

Mavharuvhu ose ekunze akavharwa uye mvura iri mujasi inotonhora. Kunyange kana iyo kabhini ichida kupisa mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, kutenderera hakushandiswi, asi dunhu rakakosha rine pombi yemagetsi yakawedzerwa inoshandiswa, umo kuyerera kunotenderera kunotenderedza manifolds ekupera. Iyi mhinduro inobvumidza iwe kuti upe yakasununguka tembiricha mu kabhini nekukurumidza, uchichengetedza kugona kukurumidza kudziya injini. Kana vharuvhu inoenderana ichivhurwa, kutenderera kwakanyanya kwemvura mujini kunotanga - iyi ndiyo kukurumidza kusvikwa kwekushisa kwemafuta, mushure meiyo valve yeinotonhorera inovhura. Tembiricha inotonhorera inotariswa munguva chaiyo zvichienderana nekuremerwa uye kumhanya, kubva pa85 kusvika 107 madhigirii (yepamusoro pakumhanya kwakaderera uye mutoro) muzita rechiyero pakati pekudzikisa kukweshera uye kudzivirira kugogodza. Uye handizvo zvega - kunyangwe injini yakadzimwa, pombi yemagetsi yakakosha inoramba ichitenderedza chinotonhodza kuburikidza nehembe inofashaira mumusoro uye turbocharger kukurumidza kubvisa kupisa kubva kwavari. Iyo yekupedzisira haina kukanganisa misoro yehembe kuitira kuti vadzivise kukurumidza kwavo hypothermia.

Miviri miviri nesirinda

Kunyanya yeinjini iyi, kuitira kuti isvike paEuro 6 emission level, Audi iri kuunza kekutanga jekiseni system ine ma nozzles maviri pacylinder - imwe yejekiseni rakananga uye imwe yekuwedzera yakawanda. Iko kugona kuchinjika kudzora jekiseni chero nguva kunokonzeresa kusanganisa kurinani kwehuturu nemhepo uye kunoderedza kuburitswa kwemukati. Kudzvanywa muchikamu chakananga jekiseni kwakawedzera kubva pa150 kusvika ku200 bar. Kana iyo yekupedzisira isiri kushanda, mafuta anotenderedzwa nebypass kubatana kuburikidza nemajekiseni mune manifolds ekutora kutonhodza pombi yepamusoro.

Kana iyo injini yatanga, musanganiswa wacho unosimudzwa neiyo yakanangana jekiseni system, uye jekiseni rakapetwa rinoshandiswa kuona kupisa nekukasira kwechikonzero. Iri zano rinopa zvirinani kusanganisa pane zvakaderera tembiricha pasina mafashama anotonhora esimbi zvikamu zveinjini. Izvozvowo zvinoenda kune inorema mitoro kudzivirira kudzivirira. Kutenda kune yekuwandisa yakawanda yekutonhora system uye yayo compact dhizaini, zvinokwanisika kushandisa imwechete-jet turbocharger (RHF4 kubva kuIHI) ine lambda probe pamberi payo uye imba yakaitwa nezvinhu zvakachipa.

Izvi zvinoguma neakanyanya torque ye320 Nm pa1400 rpm. Kunyanya kufadza iko kugoverwa kwesimba ine yakanyanya kukosha ye 160 hp. inowanikwa pa 3800 rpm (!) Uye inoramba iri padanho iri kusvika pa6200 rpm ine mukana wakakura wekuwedzera kuwedzera (nokudaro nekuisa akasiyana mavhezheni e2.0 TFSI, ayo anowedzera mwero wetoriki munzvimbo dzakakwirira). Nekudaro, iko kuwedzera kwesimba zvichienzaniswa neyakatangira (ne12 muzana) kunoenderana nekuderera kwemafuta ekushandisa (ne22 muzana).

(kutevera)

Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev