Lisa Meitner
Aive mukadzi - Lise Meitner aive wekutanga kutsanangura chiitiko chekuparara kwenyukireya. Zvichida nemhaka yekwakabva? Aive muJudha uye akashanda muGermany - haana kuverengerwa mukutariswa kweNobel Committee uye muna 1944 Otto Hahn akagamuchira Mubairo weNobel wenyukireya fission.
Muhafu yechipiri yema30, Lisa Meitner, Otto Hahn naFritz Strassmann vakashanda pamwe chete panyaya iyi muBerlin. Machinda acho akanga ari nyanzvi dzemakemikari, uye Lisa aiva nyanzvi yefizikisi. Muna 1938, aifanira kutiza achibva kuGermany achienda kuSweden achibva kutambudzwa neNazi. Kwemakore, Hahn akaramba achiti kuwanikwa kwaive kwakavakirwa chete pakuongorora kwemakemikari mushure mekunge Meitner abva kuBerlin. Zvisinei, mushure mechinguva zvakazoitika kuti masayendisiti aigara achitsinhanisa tsamba kune mumwe nemumwe, uye mavari mhedziso dzavo dzesayenzi nekucherechedza. Strassmann akasimbisa kuti Lise Meitner aive mutungamiriri akangwara weboka nguva yese iyi. Zvose zvakatanga muna 1907 apo Lise Meitner akatama kubva kuVienna achienda kuBerlin. Panguva iyoyo akanga ava nemakore 28 okuberekwa. Akatanga kutsvaga nezve radioactivity naOtto Hahn. Kubatana uku kwakaguma nekuwanikwa muna 1918 kweprotactinium, chinhu chinorema cheradioactive element. Ivo vese vaive masayendisiti anoremekedzwa uye mapurofesa paKaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft fur Chemie. Lise akatungamirira bazi rakazvimirira refizikisi, uye Otto aitungamirira radiochemistry. Ikoko vakasarudza pamwe chete kutsanangura chiitiko cheradioactivity. Pasinei nekuedza kukuru kwehungwaru, basa raLise Meitner harina kufarirwa mumakore apfuura. Muna 1943 chete, Lisa Meitmer akakokwa kuLos Alamos, uko kwaiitwa tsvakiridzo yekugadzira bhomba reatomu. Haana kuenda. Muna 1960 akatamira kuCambridge, England ndokufira ikoko muna 1968 ava nemakore 90, kunyange zvazvo aiputa midzanga uye akashanda nezvinhu zvinobudisa mwaranzi upenyu hwake hwose. Haana kumbobvira anyora nhoroondo yehupenyu hwake, kana kubvumidza nyaya dzehupenyu hwake dzakanyorwa nevamwe.
Zvisinei, tinoziva kuti aifarira zvesayenzi kubva pauduku uye aida kuwana ruzivo. Zvinosuruvarisa, pakupera kwezana remakore rechi1901, vasikana vakanga vasingabvumirwi kuenda kumitambo yekurovedza muviri, saka Lisa aifanira kugutsikana nechikoro chemanisiparati (Bürgerschule). Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akazvimiririra akakwanisa zvinyorwa zvakakosha pabvunzo dzematriculation, uye akazvipasa pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri, pazera re22, paimba yezvidzidzo muVienna. Mugore iroro, akatanga kudzidza fizikisi, masvomhu uye uzivi paYunivhesiti Vienna. Pakati pemapurofesa ake, Ludwig Boltzmann aive nesimba guru pana Lisa. Nechekare mugore rake rokutanga, akatanga kufarira dambudziko reradioactivity. Muna 1906, semukadzi wechipiri munhoroondo yeYunivhesiti yeVienna, akagamuchira doctorate yake mufizikiki. Musoro wedissertation yake waive "Thermal Conductivity of Inhomogeneous Materials". Mushure mekudzivirira dhigirii rake redhigirii, akaedza zvisina kubudirira kutanga kushandira Skłodowska-Curie muParis. Mushure mekuramba, akashanda kuInstitute for Theoretical Physics muVienna. Pamakore makumi matatu, akatamira kuBerlin kuti ateerere hurukuro dzaMax Planck. Ikoko ndiko kwaakasangana nemudiki Otto Hahn waakashanda naye nenguva pfupi yekuzorora kwemakore 1907 akatevera.
