Lotus, tsika refu yeF1 - Fomula 1

Lotus haikunde mukombe wepasirese F1 atova nemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, uye zvakadaro inogona kutorwa seimwe yezvikwata zvakapinda munhoroondo yemutambo uyu: kwete chete kubudirira (35 mazita enyika - vatyairi vatanhatu uye vanomwe vavaki - pakati pemakumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe), asiwo nokuda kwekunakidza. mari shasha dzechikwata ichi.

Pamwe chete, ngatitsvakei nhoroondo yechikwata cheBritain icho chave chiri chigaro chetarenda (shasha dzepasi rose dzakatanga kutamba nechikwata ichi) uye chakaratidzirwa nekuwanda nekudzika.

Lotus: nyaya muF1

La Lotus debuts muFormula 1 muna 1958 Monte Carlo Grand Prix nevatyairi vaviri veBritish: Cliff Ellison (Nzvimbo yechitanhatu pakupedzisa) e Chikomo cheGraham (kutadza nekuda kweinjini kutadza). Mhedzisiro yakanakisa yemwaka uyu yakawanikwa muBelgium, apo Allison paakabata podium uye akapedza wechina. Gore rakatevera kwaive kuchinjika kwevamwe vatongi vake. Innes Ireland (nzvimbo yechina muNetherlands), ndoda kuzviita mumatatu epamusoro.

Kutanga kukunda

Makore makumi matanhatu akatanga zvikuru: muna 1960, chikwata che "British" chakatora nzvimbo yechipiri muWorld Constructors 'Championship nekuda kweBriton Stirling Moss, uyo akakunda kukunda kwekutanga kwechikwata muMonte Carlo uye akadzokorora muU.SA. Muna 1961, Moss anowana mamwe maviri akabudirira (Monte Carlo neGermany), nepo Ireland inotonga US, uye gore rinotevera, inohwina katatu (Belgium, UK neUS) neBritish. Jim Clark hazvina kukwana kuhwina mukombe wenyika.

Aive Jim Clark

1963 - gore regoridhe rechikwata Colin Chapman – Muvambi akahwina Mukwikwi weWorld Constructors’ Championship nekuda kwaClark, akazove World Drivers’ Champion nekukunda kunomwe (Belgium, Holland, France, Great Britain, Italy, Mexico and South Africa). Zvinhu zvakawedzera kuipa gore rakatevera apo mutasvi we "British" akatora "chete" kukunda katatu (Holland, Belgium neGreat Britain).

La Lotus akadzokera mukutonga muna 1965, achidzokorora zita repasirese zvakare: zvakare zvakare kutenda chete kuna Clark, uyo akayambuka mutsetse kakapetwa katanhatu pamberi pevamwe vanhu vese (South Africa, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Holland neGerman). Shanduko yemutemo muna 1966 (Engines yakabva pa1.500 kuenda ku3.000 cc) inowana timu yeBritish isina kugadzirira, yawana budiriro imwe chete muUSA. Chikwata ichi chinozvipembedza muna 1967 nekubudirira zvina - zvakare naClark (Holland, Great Britain, USA neMexico) - asi mhedzisiro yacho haina kukwana kune shasha.

Muna 1968, Clarke akahwina mujaho wekutanga wemwaka uno - kuSouth Africa - asi akazofa mushure memwedzi mitatu mumujaho weF2.

Chikomo e Rindt

La Lotus ane mota inokunda, uye kunyangwe paakafa mutyairi anomiririra zvakanyanya, anoenda kumba ese eChikwata cheNyika dzegore rese nekuda kwekukunda katatu kweBritish. Chikomo cheGraham (Spain, Monte Carlo neMexico), izvo zvinomutendera kuti awane iris pakati pevatyairi, pamwe nekushandisa veSwitzerland. Joe Siffert - wekutanga asiri weBritish kucheka Lotus padanho repamusoro repodium - muUK. Single 49Byakapendwa nemavara matsvuku uye endarama emidzanga Shizha regoridhe uye haisisina neyekare yechirungu green, yakaita motorsport nhoroondo semotokari yekutanga yakatsigirwa neCircus.

1969 igore rekuchinja apo Chikomo chinokunda muMonte Carlo uye muAustria. Jochen Rindt inokunda muUSA. Iyo yekupedzisira inotonga mwaka wa1970 iine mawins mashanu (Monte Carlo, Holland, France, Great Britain neGerman), anorasikirwa neupenyu hwake muItaly Grand Prix, asi achiri kukwanisa kuhwina mukombe wepasirose (iyo yega munhoroondo yakapihwa posthumous). Musoro wevagadziri wakakundwa naLotus, nekuda kwechikamu mukubudirira kwechikwata cheBrazil. Emerson Fittipaldi muU.SA.

Fittipaldi Mukombe Wenyika

Muna 1971, Chapman akaisa simbiso yakawandisa pakuvandudzwa kwemota-chigaro chemotokari ina-mavhiri, uye izvi zvakakanganisa mhedzisiro: kekutanga kubvira 1960 pakange pasina kukunda (nzvimbo yechipiri yeFittipaldi muAustria ndiyo yaive yakanakisa. ) Lotus.

Mamiriro acho anonyatso simukira muna 1972 apo Fittipaldi anova shasha yepasirese (nekuda kwekuhwina shanu: Spain, Belgium, Britain, Austria neItari) uye inobvumidza timu yake kutora mukombe wevaki venyika. Mwaka unotevera, zita rechikwata rakadzokororwa nemitambo mitatu naFittipaldi (Argentina, Brazil neSpain) uye ina neSweden. Ronnie Peterson (France, Austria, Italy uye USA).

Derera uye simuka

Kugutsikana chete kwe Lotus muna 1974 vanobva Peterson (mukundi muna Monte Carlo, France uye Italy), uye muna 1975 chete podium - mhosva yechinyakare motokari - ndezvawo Belgian. Jacqui X (wechipiri kuSpain).

Kukwidza kwakatanga muna 1976 nekubudirira kweAmerican Mario Andretti mukutenderera kwekupedzisira kwemwaka, uko GP yekuJapan yakataura nezvayo mufirimu "Rush", uye muna 1977 timu yeChirungu yakabata zita reConstructors naAndretti (kutanga muWest yeUSA, kuSpain, kuFrance uye muItari) uye neSweden Gunnar Nielsson (pamberi pevamwe vese muBelgium).

Yekupedzisira nyika mukwikwidzi

Yekupedzisira nyika mukwikwidzi Lotus yakadzokera kuna 1978: gore rinofadza uye rinotyisa reboka raColin Chapman. Andretti anova mukwikwidzi wepasirose aine kuhwina nhanhatu (Argentina, Belgium, Spain, France, Germany neHolland), uye waanoshanda naye Peterson (maviri anokunda muSouth Africa neAustria), uyo akadzokera kuLotus mushure mekusiya timu iri mumatambudziko, anorasikirwa neupenyu hwake ... mutsaona paItaly Grand Prix. Mushure memwedzi, Nilsson anonyangarika nekuda kwebundu.

Mhepo yedambudziko

Mushure menguva mbiri yepasi rose yechikwata che "Briteni", nguva yekutambudzika inoitika, iyo mumakore matatu anotevera haina kuzokwira padanho repamusoro repodium: weArgentina ane mhedzisiro yakanaka. Carlos Reitemann (2nd nzvimbo muArgentina neSpain muna 1979), kubva kwedu Elio de Angelis (Nzvimbo yechipiri muBrazil muna2) nemaBritish Nigel Mansell (Nzvimbo yechitatu muBelgium muna 3).

Zvakanaka, Chapman

La Lotus kudzokera kukunda muna 1982 - muAustria - nekuda kwaDe Angelis. Gore rimwe chetero, Colin Chapman akafa nehosha yemwoyo. Makore maviri akatevera aive murombo (Mansell akapedza wechitatu mu1983 European Grand Prix, muFrance neNetherlands muna 1984, uye de Angelis wechitatu muBrazil, San Marino neDallas muna 1984).

Nguva dzekupedzisira dzekufara

Siginecha yekuBrazil Ayrton Senna muna 1985, izvi zvinobvumira timu yeBritish kuti idzokere mukukunda. MaSouth America anotonga Portugal (rake rekutanga basa rakabudirira) neBelgium, nepo waanoshanda naye deAngelis achikwira kumusoro kweSodium Marino podium.

Kubva gore rinotevera, iwo chete kubudirira kwe Lotus vanobva kuAyrton: vaviri muna 1986 (Spain neDetroit) uye vaviri muna 1987 (Monte Carlo naDetroit).

Nguva dzerima

Senna akasiya Lotus muna 1988 apo iyo yeBrazil Nelson Piquet inokwanisa kutora nzvimbo nhatu dzechitatu (Brazil, San Marino neAustralia). Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, hapana kana chinhu: muna 1989, timu yeBritain yakapotsa yakwira panhandare kano (nzvimbo dzechina paPique muCanada, Great Britain neJapan uye imwe yeJapan). Satoru Nakajima muAustralia), uye muna 1990 mugumisiro wakanakisisa - nzvimbo yechishanu yeBritish. Derek Warwick muHungary.

Mu 1991 Lotus anovimba zvakanyanya neFinnish Mika Hekkinen (yechishanu muSan Marino), iyo yaive kaviri muchina muFrance neHungary gore rinotevera. British Johnny Herbert (nzvimbo yechina muBrazil, paGrand Prix yeEurope neGreat Britain muna1993 uye yechinomwe kuBrazil kuGreat Prix yePacific neFrance mu1994, gore rekutanga risina zvibodzwa zvechikwata cheChirungu) inowana nzvimbo dzakanakisa dze timu isati yaparadzana neRekasi.

Kana zvinyoronyoro

La Lotus inodzokera kuFormula 1 muna 2010, asi timu ine zvishoma zvinhu zvakaenzana neiyo yakasiya Circus muna 1994. Chekutanga, haisisiri yeBritish, asi yeMalasian, sezvo yakazvarwa kubva kumubatanidzwa wakaumbwa nevamwe vezvemabhizimusi vanobva kuAsia nyika uye nehurumende yeKuala Lumpur, iyo yainogamuchira kubva kumugadziri wemotokari. Proton (chizvarwa cheMalaysia uye muridzi weiyo "yeBritish" brand) kodzero yekushandisa zita rezvakaitika kuti ushande muRekisheni.

Chikwata chakatamba kwemwaka miviri pasina kuhwina kana poindi imwe chete: gore rekutanga ndiFinn. Heikki Kovalainen chinzvimbo chegumi nembiri muJapan, nepo nzvimbo dzegumi nematatu dzichisvika gore rinouya: maviri needu Jarno Trulli (Australia neMonte Carlo) uye mumwe naKovalainen (Italy).

Svetuka muhunhu

Muna 2012, mushure mekurwa kwenguva refu, zita Lotus inoshandiswa kune yaimbove Renault single-seater mota (timu yakatotsigirwa nemugadziri weBritish gore rapfuura). Chikwata, chiri pamutemo kudzoka muChirungu, chinohwina Grand Prix (iyo iri mu Abu Dhabi neFinn Kimi Raikkonen) mushure memakore makumi maviri neshanu enzara uye muna2013 inounza kumba budiriro nyowani, zvakare naRaikkonen kuAustralia.