LPG kana CNG? Ndezvipi zvinobhadhara zvakanyanya?

Pane izvo zvinonzi Vazhinji vatyairi vanotarisa mota dzegasi nekufungira, uye vamwe kunyange nekuzvidza. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kuchinja sezvo mafuta anowanzoitika anodhura uye mitengo yekuishandisa inowedzera. Musiyano mukuru uripo pakati peturu nedhiziri unozobva watangisa shanduko kana vatyairi vanofungidzira vanofunga nezve kutenga yekutanga mota yakachinjwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kufungira zvisizvo kunoenda parutivi, uye kuverenga kunotonhora kunokunda.

Parizvino kune marudzi maviri emamwe mafuta anokwikwidza pamusika - LPG neCNG. Inoenderera mberi nekubudirira kutyaira LPG. Mugove wemotokari dzeCNG unongova mashoma muzana. Nekudaro, kutengeswa kweCNG kwatanga kudzoreredza nguva pfupi yadarika, zvichitsigirwa nemitengo yemafuta yakarebesa, mhando dzemotokari dzakagadziridzwa fekitori, uye kushambadzira kwakaoma. Mumitsara inotevera, tichatsanangura chokwadi chikuru uye tonongedza zvakanakira nekuipira kwemafuta ese ari maviri.

LPG

LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) ipfupi kune liquefied petroleum gas. Iyo ine mavambo echisikigo uye inowanikwa seyakagadzirwa-chigadzirwa mukutorwa kwegasi rechisikigo uye mafuta ekunatsa. Uyu musanganiswa wema hydrocarbons, anosanganisira propane uye butane, iyo izere mumotokari mune yemvura mamiriro. LPG inorema kudarika mhepo, inodonha yogara pasi kana ikadonha, ndosaka mota dzinomhanya paLPG dzisingabvumidzwe mumagaraji epasi.

Kuenzaniswa nemafuta akajairika (dhiziri, peturu), mota inomhanya paLPG inoburitsa zvakanyanya kushoma zvinokuvadza, asi zvichienzaniswa neCNG ne10% zvimwe. Kuiswa kweLPG mumotokari kunowanzoitwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera retrofits. Nekudaro, kune zvekare mafekitori akagadziridzwa mamodheru, asi izvi zvinomiririra chete chidimbu chidiki chehuwandu hwehuwandu hweshandurwa LPG mota. Inonyanya kushanda iFiat, Subaru, pamwe ne Škoda uye VW.

Iyo yakaomeswa network yezviteshi zvegasi, pamwe nekumisikidzwa kwehunyanzvi uye masevhisi ekuongorora nguva dzose achakufadza. Panyaya yekudzoreredza, inofanirwa kuongororwa kana mota (injini) yakakodzera kushanda neLPG. Zvikasadaro, kune njodzi yekupfeka nguva isati yakwana (kukuvadzwa) kwezvikamu zvejini, kunyanya mavharuvhu, cylinder misoro (zvigaro zvevhavha) uye zvisimbiso.

Mota dzakachinjirwa kuita LPG flaring dzinowanzo kudiwa kuti dziite ongororo yegore negore. Panyaya yekugadziriswa kwemagetsi vharuvhu, clear valve vharuvhu inofanira kuongororwa (inokurudzirwa makiromita zviuru makumi matatu) uye nguva yekuchinja kwemafuta haifanire kupfuura makiromita zviuru gumi nezvishanu.

Paavhareji, kushandiswa kunenge 1-2 litres yakakwirira kupfuura pakupisa peturu. Kuenzaniswa neCNG, kuwanda kweLPG kwakakwira zvakanyanya, asi huwandu hwemotokari dzakashandurwa kuita LPG hunoramba hwakafanana. Kunze kwekufungidzira, kutanga kudyara, uye kutarisa nguva dzose, kune zvakare akawanda emafuta edhiziri anowanikwa.

LPG zvakanakira

• Inochengetedza 40% mumitengo yekushandisa zvichienzaniswa nejini yepeturu.
• Mutengo unonzwisisika wezvekuwedzera mota-zvemidziyo (kazhinji muhuwandu hwe800-1300 €).
• Yakakwana dense network yezviteshi zvegasi (anenge 350).
• Kuchengeterwa tangi munzvimbo yekuchengetera.
• Inofananidzwa neinjini yepeturu, injini inomhanya zvishoma uye yakanyatsorongeka nekuda kweiyo yepamusoro octane nhamba (101 kusvika 111).
• Kaviri drive mota - yakawanda siyana.
• Yakadzika masosi kugadzirwa pane nepeturu kupisa, zvichiteerana. dhiziri.
• Zasi choutsi ichienzaniswa nepeturu.
• Kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro pakaitika tsaona kana ichienzaniswa nepeturu (yakanyanya kusimba kumanikidza mudziyo).
• Hapana njodzi yekubiwa kwemafuta kubva mutangi zvichienzaniswa nepeturu kana dhiziri.

Zvakaipira LPG

• Kune vatyairi vazhinji, mari yekutanga inoita seyakakwira.
• Kushandiswa kunenge 10-15% yakakwirira zvichienzaniswa nepeturu.
• Kuderera kwesimba reinjini neinenge 5% zvichienzaniswa nepeturu.
• Misiyano muhunhu hwegesi uye imwe njodzi yemisoro yekuzadza yakasiyana mune dzimwe nyika.
• Kupinda kumagaraji epasi pevhu kunorambidzwa.
• Spare wheel missing acc. kuderedzwa kwenzvimbo yekutakura.
• Kuongorora kwegore rega kweiyo gasi system (kana zvinoenderana nesaiti zvinyorwa).
• Kuwedzera rework kunoda kuwanda uye kudhura zvishoma kugadzirisa (kugadziridza vharafu, spark plugs, mafuta einjini, zvisimbiso zvemafuta).
• Dzimwe injini hadzina kukodzera kutendeuka - kune njodzi yekunyanyisa kupfeka (kukuvadza) kune zvimwe zvikamu zvejini, kunyanya mavharuvhu, cylinder misoro (zvigaro zvevhavha) uye zvisimbiso.

CNG

CNG (yakadzvanywa gasi rechisikigo) ipfupi kune yakadzvanywa gasi rechisikigo, iro rinonyanya kuve methane. Inowanikwa nekutorwa kubva kune mumwe munhu deposits kana maindasitiri kubva kune anodzoreredzwa masosi. Inodururwa mumotokari mune gaseous state uye inochengetwa mumidziyo yakakosha yekumanikidza.

Emissions kubva pakupisa kweCNG yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura kubva kune peturu, dhiziri uye kunyangwe LPG. LNG yakareruka kupfuura mweya, saka haina kunyura pasi uye inobuda kunze nekukurumidza.

Motokari dzeCNG dzinowanzogadziriswa zvakananga pafekitari (VW Touran, Opel Zafira, Fiat Punto, Škoda Octavia ...), saka hapana matambudziko newaranti uye zvimwe zvisinganzwisisiki, zvakadai sebasa. Retrofits haigone kuitika, kunyanya nekuda kwekudyara kukuru kwepamberi uye kukanganisa kukuru kwemotokari. Saka zviri nani kutsvaga kudzokororwa kwefekitari pane kufunga nezvekuwedzera shanduko.

Pasinei nemabhenefiti akakosha, kuwanda kweCNG kwakadzikira uye kunomiririra chikamu chidiki chehuwandu hwemotokari dzinomhanya paLPG. Mhoresa iyo yepamusoro yekutanga kudyara mumotokari nyowani (kana kugadziridza), pamwe neiyo sparse network yezviteshi zvepeturu. Pakupera kwa2014, kwaingova negumi chete veruzhinji CNG zviteshi zvekuzadza muSlovakia, izvo zvishoma, kunyanya mukuenzanisa neAustria yakavakidzana (10), pamwe neCzech Republic (inenge makumi masere). Munyika dzeWestern Europe (Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, etc.) CNG filling station network yakatonyanya kuoma.

Mabhenefiti eCNG

• Kushanda kwakachipa (zvakare kwakachipa zvichienzaniswa neLPG).
• Kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza.
• Yakadzikama uye isina ginjini oparesheni yekutenda kune yayo yakakwira octane nhamba (approx. 130).
• Matangi haagadzirise saizi yenzvimbo yevashandi uye mukwende (inoshanda kumotokari dzeCNG kubva kumugadziri).
• Yakadzika masosi kugadzirwa pane nepeturu kupisa, zvichiteerana. dhiziri.
• Kaviri drive mota - yakawanda siyana.
• Hapana njodzi yekubiwa kwemafuta kubva mutangi zvichienzaniswa nepeturu kana dhiziri.
• Kugona kwekuzadza neimba yekuzadza kubva kune yakajairika gasi kugovera system.
• Kusiyana neLPG, kune mukana wekupaka mumagaraji epasi - yakagadziridzwa air conditioner inokwana kufefetera yakachengeteka.
• Mota zhinji dzinoshandurwa kufekitori, saka hapana njodzi dzekushandurwa senge LPG (zvigaro zvevharuvhu zvakasakara, nezvimwewo).

Zvakaipira CNG

• Zviteshi zveveruzhinji zvishoma uye mitengo yekuwedzera inononoka.
• Inodhura yekuwedzera kugadzirisa (2000 - 3000 €)
• Mitengo yepamusoro yemota dzekutanga dzakagadzirwazve.
• Kuderera kwesimba reinjini ne5-10%.
• Kuwedzera muvharo wehuremu hwemotokari.
• Mari yepamusoro yezvinhu zvinoda kuchinjwa pakupera-kwehupenyu.
• Kuongororazve - kudzokororwa kwegasi system (zvichienderana nemugadziri wemotokari kana hurongwa).

Ruzivo runobatsira nezve "gasi" mota

Panyaya yeinjini inotonhora, mota inotangwa paLPG system, kazhinji peturu, uye mushure mekudziya zvishoma kusvika kune yakagara yatemerwa tembiricha, inongochinja ichipisa LPG. Chikonzero iko kuri nani kubuda kwepeturu kunyangwe pasina kuwedzera kupisa kubviswa kubva muinjini inodziya uye kunotevera kukurumidza kubatidza mushure mekubatidza.

CNG inochengetwa munzvimbo ine gasi, saka inobata inotonhora inotanga zvirinani kupfuura LPG. Kune rimwe divi, simba rakawanda rinodikanwa kubatidza LNG, inova inogona kunge iri dambudziko pakadzika tembiricha. Naizvozvo, mota dzinoshandurwa kuita kupisa CNG pane tembiricha pazasi pechando (ingangoita -5 kusvika -10 ° C) dzinowanzo tanga pa peturu uye nekukurumidza dzinobva dzashandura kupisa CNG.

Nekufamba kwenguva, hazvigoneke kuti peturu imwe chete irambe iri mutangi kweinopfuura mwedzi 3-4, kunyanya kumota dzeCNG dzisingawanzo kufambisa peturu. Iyo zvakare ine hupenyu hwehupenyu uye inoora (oxidize) nekufamba kwenguva. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akasiyana madhipoziti uye chingamu anogona kuvhara majekiseni kana throttle valve, izvo zvinokanganisa kuita injini. Uyezve, peturu yakadaro inowedzera kuumbwa kwekabhoni deposits, iyo inokurumidza kuora mafuta uye kuvhara injini. Zvakare, dambudziko rinogona kumuka kana paine peturu yezhizha mutangi uye iwe unofanirwa kuitanga iyo mune yakaoma chando. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ushandise peturu nguva nenguva uye "kutsvaira" tangi nemafuta matsva.

Multiple likes

Paunenge uchitenga, zvinodikanwa kuti unyatso kuyedza madhiraivha ese ari maviri (peturu / gasi), kutonhora kwekutanga, modhi switch uye haina kukuvadza kana uchiri kuedza nzira yekuwedzera. Nheyo yacho haisi kutenga mota ine tangi isina chinhu (LPG kana CNG) pasina mukana wekuyedza.

Motokari ine LPG kana CNG inofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva, zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvemugadziri wemotokari kana. system mugadziri. Mhedzisiro yecheki yega yega ishumo iyo muridzi wemotokari anofanirwa kuve nayo, iyo inofanirwa kunyorwa pamwe nemamwe magwaro (OEV, STK, EK, nezvimwewo).

Mota inofanirwa kunge iine LPG kana CNG system yakanyoreswa mune technical certificate (OEV). Kana zvisiri izvo, uku kuvakazve zvisiri pamutemo uye mota yakadai haina kukodzera zviri pamutemo kutyaira mumigwagwa yeSlovak Republic.

Panyaya yekumwe kutendeuka, nekuda kwekuisirwa kwetangi mu trunk, kumashure kwemotokari kwakatakurwa, izvo zvinotungamira mukumhanyisa kumhanya kupfeka kweshure kwekumisa axle, zvinokatyamadza zvinopinza uye mabhureki emabhureki.

Kunyanya, mota dzakadzoserwa kupisa gasi rakanyungudutswa peturu (CNG) dzingangove dzakasakara zvimwe zvezvikamu zveinjini (kunyanya mavharuvhu, silinda misoro kana zvisimbiso). Munguva yekuvakazve fekitori, njodzi yakaderera nekuti mugadziri akagadzirisa injini yekupisa zvinoenderana. Kunzwa uye kupfeka kwezvikamu zvega zvega. Dzimwe injini dzinoshivirira kupisa kweLPG (CNG) pasina matambudziko, uye mafuta anochinjwa kazhinji (max. 15 km). Nekudaro, mamwe acho anonyanya kufunga nezvekupisa gasi, kunoonekwa mukukurumidza kupfeka kwezvimwe zvikamu.

Pakupedzisira, kuenzanisa kwemaOctavia maviri ari kushanda pane mamwe mafuta. Škoda Octavia 1,6 MPI 75 kW - LPG kushandiswa paavhareji 9 litres uye Škoda Octavia 1,4 TSi 81 kW - LPG kushandiswa paavhareji 4,3 makirogiramu.

Kuenzanisa kweLPG CNG

Mafuta	LPG	CNG
Calorific kukosha (MJ/kg)	pamusoro pe45,5	pamusoro pe49,5
Mutengo wemafuta	0,7 € / l (approx. 0,55 kg / l)	€ 1,15 / kg
Simba rinodiwa pa 100 km (MJ)	225	213
Mutengo we100 km (€)	6,3	4,9

* mitengo inoverengerwazve seavhareji 4/2014