Mwedzi, Mars uye nezvimwe

Vazivi venyeredzi veNASA vatanga kuyedza masutu emuchadenga ayo agency inoronga kushandisa pamisheni yemwedzi iri kuuya sechikamu chechirongwa cheArtemis chakarongerwa makore anotevera (1). Pachine hurongwa hwekuda kudzika vashandi, varume nevakadzi, paSilver Globe muna 2024.

Zvave kutozivikanwa kuti nguva ino haisi pamusoro, asi kutanga pamusoro pekugadzirira uyezve kuvakwa kwezvivako zvekushandiswa kwakanyanya kweMwedzi uye zviwanikwa zvayo mune ramangwana.

Nguva pfupi yadarika, bazi reUS rakazivisa kuti masangano masere emuchadenga akatosaina chibvumirano chinonzi Artemis Accords. Jim Bridenstine, mukuru weNASA, anozivisa kuti uku ndiko kutanga kwemubatanidzwa mukuru wepasi rose wekuongorora mwedzi, izvo zvichavimbisa "nzvimbo ine rugare uye yakabudirira mune ramangwana." Dzimwe nyika dzichapinda muchibvumirano mumwedzi iri kuuya. Pamusoro peNASA, chibvumirano chakasainwa nemasangano emuchadenga eAustralia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, United Arab Emirates neUnited Kingdom. India neChina, idzo dzine zvirongwa zvehungwaru, hadzisi pachirongwa. silver globe i chirongwa chekusimudzira zvicherwa zvemuchadenga.

Zvinoenderana nemazano azvino, Mwedzi nekutenderera kwawo kuchaita basa rakakosha semurevereri uye hwaro hwezvinhu zverwendo rwakadai. Kana isu tichizoenda kuMars mumakore gumi echina ezana rino, sekuzivisa kwakaita NASA, China nevamwe, makore gumi e2020-30 anofanira kunge ari nguva yekugadzirira kwakanyanya. Kana pasina chimwe chezviito zvinodiwa zvinotorwa, saka Hatisi kuzobhururuka kuenda kuMars mumakore gumi anotevera.

Hurongwa hwekutanga hwaive Mwedzi uchiuya muna 2028asi Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri Mike Pence akadana makore mana kuti azvisimudzire. Vemuchadenga vachabhururuka Orion spacecraftiyo inotakura matombo eSLS ayo NASA iri kushanda pairi. Kunyangwe iri izuva chairo rinoramba richionekwa, asi tekinoroji pane zvakawanda zviri kuitika kutenderedza chirongwa ichi.

Semuyenzaniso, NASA nguva pfupi yadarika yakavaka hurongwa hutsva hwekumhara (SPLICE) hunofanirwa kuita kuti Mars isanyanya kuve nenjodzi. SPLICE inoshandisa laser scanning system panguva yekudzika, iyo inokutendera kuti urambe uri munzira uye kuziva nzvimbo yekumhara. Sangano iri rinoronga kuyedza hurongwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera nechitundumuseremusere (2), icho chinozivikanwa semotokari inogona kudzoserwa mushure mekubhururuka munzira. Chinokosha ndechekuti mutori wechikamu ari kudzoka anowana akazvimirira nzvimbo yekumhara.

2. New Shepard ichidzika pasi

Ngatiedzei kuti kuronga kudzorera vanhu kumwedzi kutanga kwa2024 zvichabudirira. Chii chinotevera? Gore rinotevera, module inonzi Habitat inofanira kusvika kuMoongate, iyo ikozvino iri muchikamu chekugadzira, iyo yatakanyora nezvayo yakawanda muMT. NASA Gateway, nzvimbo chiteshi pa mwedzi orbit (3) yakavakwa pamwe chete nevanodyidzana nedzimwe nyika, ichatanga kare. Asi hazvizove kusvika 2025 apo nzvimbo yekugara yeUS yaunzwa kuchiteshi ndipo kushanda chaiko kwechiteshi kuchatanga. Mapurojekiti arikugadziridzwa parizvino anofanirwa kubvumira kuvapo panguva imwe chete yevachadenga vana vari muchikepe, uye nhevedzano yevaridzi vemwedzi vakarongwa vanofanira kushandura Gedhi kuti ive nzvimbo yezviitwa zvemuchadenga uye zvivakwa zverwendo rwekuenda kuMars.

3. Space Station Inotenderera Mwedzi - Rendering

Toyota pamwedzi?

Izvi zvakataurwa neJapan Air uye Space Search Agency (JAXA). inoronga kuburitsa hydrogen kubva kumwedzi ice deposits (4) kuishandisa semanyuko emafuta, maererano neJapan Times. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza mutengo wekuongorora mwedzi kwakarongwa munyika pakati pemakore makumi maviri nekugadzira nzvimbo yemafuta emafuta pane kutakura mavhoriyamu makuru. huni kubva panyika.

IJapan Space Agency inotarisira kushanda neNASA kugadzira Gedhi reMwedzi rataurwa pamusoro apa. Panobva peturu, yakagadzirwa munharaunda maererano nepfungwa iyi, yaizobvumira vazivi vemuchadenga kuti vatakurwe kuenda kuchiteshi kubva. mwedzi pamusoro uye neimwe nzira. Iwo anogona zvakare kushandiswa kusimbisa mota uye zvimwe zvivakwa pamusoro. JAXA inofungidzira kuti panodiwa matani makumi matatu nemanomwe emvura kuti awane mafuta anokwana kutakura kuenda kuMoongate.

JAXA yakaratidzawo dhizaini yeiyo matanhatu-mavhiri drive. hydrogen mafuta masero motokari inozvifambisa pachayo yakagadzirwa nekubatana neToyota gore rapfuura. Toyota inozivikanwa kuve piyona wehydrogen tekinoroji. Ndiani anoziva, pamwe mune ramangwana tichaona mwedzi rovers ine logo yechiratidzo cheJapan chakakurumbira.

China ine chombo chitsva uye zvishuvo zvikuru

Ipa kushambadza kushoma kwepasirese kune zvaunoita China iri kugadzira chombo chitsvavachaendesa vazivi venyeredzi kumwedzi. Motokari itsva yekuvhurwa yakavhurwa pa2020 China Space Musangano muFuzhou, East China munaGunyana 18. Motokari itsva yekumisikidza yakagadzirirwa kuburitsa 25-ton spacecraft. Kusundira kweroketi kunofanirwa kunge kwakakura zvakapetwa katatu pane kweroketi reChina rine simba reLong Kurume 5. Iyo roketi inofanira kunge iri-matatu-chikamu, semaroketi anozivikanwa. Delta IV Inorema i Falcon Heavyuye chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvitatu chinofanira kuva mamita mashanu muhupamhi. Sitimu yekuburitsa, iyo isati yave nezita asi inonzi "5 rocket" kuChina, yakareba 921 metres.

China haisati yazivisa zuva rekubhururuka nendege kana mukana wekumhara kwemwedzi. Kana zvipfuti zvave nemaChinese kusvika pari zvino, kana Shenzhou orbiterkusakwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekumhara nemwedzi. Iwe zvakare unoda lander, iyo isingawanikwe muChina.

China haisati yabvumidza zviri pamutemo chirongwa chekuisa vazivi vemuchadenga pamwedzi, asi yave pachena nezvemisheni yakadai. Roketi yakaratidzwa munaGunyana chinhu chitsva. Kare, takataura nezvepfungwa. maroketi akareba Kurume 9iyo yaifanira kufanana muhukuru neNASA-yakavakwa Saturn V kana SLS roketi. Nekudaro, roketi hombe yakadaro haizokwanise kuita ndege dzayo dzekutanga kusvika 2030.

Kupfuura 250% mamwe mamishini

Zvinoenderana neongororo yakaitwa neEuroconsult yakaburitswa muna Kubvumbi 2020 yakanzi "Space Exploration Perspectives", kuisirwa mari kweveruzhinji pasi rose mukutsvagisa nzvimbo kwakada kusvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora muna 20, kukwira nezvikamu zvitanhatu kubva gore rapfuura. 2019 muzana yavo vanoshandisa US. Mari yekutsvagisa nzvimbo inofungidzirwa kuti ichakwira kusvika pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nepfumbamwe panosvika 6 nekuda kwe Mwedzi kuongorora, kuvandudzwa kwekutakura uye orbital infrastructure. Mamisheni angangoita zana nemakumi matatu anotarisirwa mumakore gumi anotevera, zvichienzaniswa ne130 mishoni mumakore gumi apfuura (52). Saka zvakawanda zvichaitika. Chirevo hachifanoona kupera kwekushanda kweInternational Space Station. Akazvimirira kukwira kweChinese orbital space station uye Gedhi reMwedzi. Euroconsult inotenda kuti nekuda kwekufarira kukuru muMwedzi, mitengo yeMartian misheni inogona kudonha. Mamwe mamishini anofanirwa kupihwa mari pamwero wakaenzana sepakutanga.

5. Space business plan yemakore gumi anotevera

Pari zvino . Nechakare muna 2021, kuchave nekuwanda kwetraffic paMars nekutenderera kwayo. Imwe rover yekuAmerica, Kutsungirira, imhaka yevhu uye kuita tsvagiridzo. Mubhodhi rover maivewo masampuli emidziyo mitsva yemuchadenga. NASA inoda kuona kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinoita sei kune nharaunda yeMartian, izvo zvichabatsira kusarudza masutu akakodzera emangwana marsonauts. Rover ine mavhiri matanhatu inotakurawo chikopokopo chidiki cheIngenuity chainoronga kutakura. ndege dzekuyedza mumhepo isingawanikwe yeMars.

Probes ichave mu orbit: maChinese Tianwen-1 uye iri yeUnited Arab Emirates Hope. Zvinoenderana nenhau dzenhau, iyo yekuChina probe zvakare ine lander uye rover. Dai mishoni yese yakabudirira, gore rinouya taizove nekutanga kushanda isiri yeUS Martian lander pamusoro. Red Planet.

Muna 2020, rover yeEuropean agency ESA haina kutanga sechikamu chechirongwa cheExoMars. Kuvhurwa kwakamisikidzwa kusvika 2022. Iko hakuna ruzivo rwakajeka rwekuti India inodawo kutumira rover sechikamu chechirongwa. Mangalyan Mission 2 yakarongerwa 2024. Muna Kurume 2025, iyo yeJapan JAXA probe ichapinda muMars orbit kuenda kudzidza kwemwedzi yeMars. Kana iyo Mars-orbiting mission ikabudirira, chitundumuseremusere chinodzokera kuPasi nemasamples mumakore mashanu.

Elon Musk's SpaceX inewo zvirongwa zveMars uye inoronga kutumira basa risati rasvika ikoko muna 2022 "kusimbisa kuvepo kwemvura, kuona kutyisidzira, nekuvaka simba rekutanga, migodhi, uye kusimudzira hupenyu." Musk akataura zvakare kuti anoda kuti SpaceX itumire mu2024. zvitundumuseremusere zvine munhu paMarsa, ane chinangwa chikuru chichava "kuvaka nzvimbo yekuchengetera mafuta uye kugadzirira ndege dzenguva yemberi." Zvinonzwika kunakidza zvishoma, asi mhedziso yakajairika kubva kune izvi zviziviso ndeiyi: SpaceX achaita imwe mhando yeMisheni yeMartian mumakore anotevera. Zvakakodzera kuwedzera kuti SpaceX yakazivisawo mwedzi mishoni. Muzvinabhizimusi wekuJapan, mugadziri uye philanthropist Yusaku Maezawa aifanira kuita rwendo rwekutanga rwevashanyi kutenderera Mwedzi muna 2023, sezvazvinofanira kunzwisiswa, muchikepe chikuru cheStarship roketi chiri kuedzwa.

Kune asteroid uye mwedzi mikuru

Ndinovimba gore rinouya ichapindawo muorbit. James Webb Space Telescope (6) ndiani anofanira kuva mutsivi Hubble Telescope. Mushure menguva yakareba yekunonoka uye zvipingamupinyi, bvunzo huru dzegore rino dzakapedzwa zvinobudirira. Muna 2026, imwe teresikopu yakakosha yemuchadenga, European Space Agency's Planetary Transits uye Oscillations of Stars (PLATO), inofanira kutangwa muchadenga, ine basa guru nderekuva.

6. Webb Space Telescope - Visualization

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane tariro, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) ichatumira boka rekutanga revazivi venyeredzi vekuIndia muchadenga kutanga kwa2021.

Lucy, chikamu cheNASA's Discovery chirongwa, chakarongerwa kutanga muna Gumiguru 2021. Ongorora matanhatu Trojan asteroids uye main belt asteroid.. Iwo mapoka maviri eTrojan kumusoro nezasi kweJupiter anofungidzirwa kuva miviri yakasviba inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakafanana nemapuraneti ekunze anotenderera pedyo neJupiter. Masayendisiti anotarisira kuti mhedzisiro yechinangwa ichi ichashandura manzwisisiro edu uye pamwe nehupenyu hwePasi. Nechikonzero ichi, chirongwa ichi chinodaidzwa kuti Lucy, fossilized hominid akapa nzwisiso mukushanduka kwevanhu.

Muna 2026, isu tichatarisa zvakanyanya Psyche, chimwe chezvinhu gumi zvakakura mubhandi reasteroid, iyo, maererano nemasayendisiti, nickel iron core protoplanet. Kuvhurwa kwemishoni kwakarongerwa 2022.

Muna 2026 imwechete, iyo Dragonfly mishoni kuTitan inofanira kutanga, chinangwa chiri chekumhara pamusoro pemwedzi weSaturn muna 2034. Hutsva hurimo dhizaini yekutarisisa pamusoro uye kuongorora robotic ndegeiyo inofamba kubva panzvimbo ichienda kune imwe nzvimbo sezvainooneka. Sarudzo iyi ingangove nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi muvhu paTitan uye kutya kuti rover pamavhiri angangomiswa. Iri ibasa rakasiyana nemamwe, nekuti kwainoenda kwakasiyana nechero inozivikanwa kwatiri. solar system body.

Zvinogoneka kuti mishoni kune mumwe mwedzi weSaturn, Enceladus, ichatanga muhafu yechipiri yemakumi mashanu. Iyi ingori pfungwa ikozvino, kwete chaiyo mishoni ine bhajeti uye chirongwa. NASA inofunga kuti iyi ichave yekutanga nzvimbo yakadzika mishoni chikamu kana chakazara mari nebazi rakazvimirira.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo JUICE (7) probe, kutangwa kwayo kwakaziviswa neESA muna 2022, ichasvika panzvimbo yekutsvagisa kwayo. Inotarisirwa kusvika kuJupiter system muna 2029 uye inosvika pakutenderera kweGanymede makore mana gare gare. Mwedzi mukuru pane yese solar system uye kuongorora mamwe mwedzi mumakore anotevera, Callisto uye inonyanya kufadza kwatiri Europe. Yakanga yakarongerwa kuve yakabatana yeEuropean-America mishoni. Pakupedzisira, zvakadaro, iyo US ichavhura iyo Europa Clipper probe yekuongorora Europe pakati pemaXNUMXs.

7. JUICE Mission - Visualization

Zvinogoneka kuti mishoni nyowani nyowani ichaonekwa pahurongwa hweNASA nemamwe masangano, kunyanya ayo akanangana Venus. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwanikwa kuchangobva kuitika kwezvinhu zvinoratidza mukana wekuvapo kwezvipenyu mumhepo yepasi. NASA parizvino iri kukurukura shanduko yebhajeti inogona kubvumira mishoni nyowani kana akati wandei. Venus haisi kure zvakadaro, saka hazvifungidzike.