Test drive Mashiripiti Moto: nhoroondo ye compressor tekinoroji

Mune dzino dzakateedzana tichataura nezvekumanikidza kuwedzera mafuta uye kusimudzira kwemukati injini dzemoto.

Ndiye muporofita mumagwaro ekugadzirisa motokari. Ndiye muponesi weinjini yedhiziri. Kwemakore akawanda, vagadziri veinjini ye peturu vakaregeredza chiitiko ichi, asi nhasi chiri kuitika kwose kwose. Iyo turbocharger ... Zvirinani kupfuura kare.

Mukoma wake, compressor inotungamirwa nesimba, haana kana zano rekusiya danho racho. Zvakare, akagadzirira mubatanidzwa uyo unozotungamira mukukwana kwakaringana. Nekudaro, mune nyonganiso yemakwikwi ezvemazuva ano ehunyanzvi, vamiririri vevaviri vekare vanopikisa mafambiro akabatana, zvichiratidza chirevo chekuti chokwadi chinoramba chakangofanana zvisinei nekusiyana kwemaonero.

Kushandiswa 4500 l / 100 km uye yakawanda oxygen

Masvomhu ari nyore uye anobva pamitemo yefizikisi chete… Tofungidzira kuti mota inorema 1000 kg uye isina tarisiro yekukweva kwemhepo inofamba 305 metres kubva payakamira mumasekonzi asingasviki 4,0, ichisvika pakumhanya kwe500 km/h painoperera. yechikamu, simba reinjini yemotokari iyi rinofanira kudarika 9000 hp. Masvomhu mamwe chetewo anoratidza kuti mukati mechikamu, crankshaft yeinjini inotenderera iri 8400 rpm inongokwanisa kutendeuka kanosvika ka560, asi izvi hazvitadzise injini ye8,2-litres kutora marita gumi nemashanu emafuta. Somugumisiro weimwe kuverenga kwakajeka, zvinova pachena kuti, maererano nechiyero chechiyero chekushandiswa kwemafuta, avhareji yekushandisa motokari iyi inopfuura 15 l / 4500 km. Mushoko - zviuru zvina nemazana mashanu malita. Muchokwadi, mainjini aya haana kutonhora masisitimu - anotonhodzwa nemafuta ...

Iko hakuna manyepo munhamba idzi ... Aya akakura, asi chaiwo hunhu kubva munyika yemazuva ano yekudhonza mujaho. Hazvina kunaka kutaura nezve mota dziri kutora chikamu mumijaho yekumhanyisa zvakanyanya semota dzemujaho, sezvo zvisikwa zvesurreal zvine mavhiri mana, zvakafukidzwa nehutsi hwebhuruu, hazvienzaniswi kunyangwe nekirimu yehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwemotokari inoshandiswa muFormula 1. Naizvozvo, isu tichadaro. shandisa zita rakakurumbira rekuti "vadhiraivha" . -Pasina mubvunzo zvinonakidza nenzira yavo, mota dzakasarudzika dzinounza manzwiro akasiyana kune vese kune vateveri vari kunze kweiyo 305-metres track uye kune vatyairi vendege vane huropi hwavo, nekukurumidza kukurumidza kwe5 g, pamwe inotora chimiro chemavara maviri-dimensional mufananidzo pane. kumashure kwedehenya

Aya madhiragi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inoyemurika yemota inozivikanwa muUnited States, iri yekirasi yeTop Fuel ine nharo. Iri zita rakavakirwa pane kwakanyanya kushanda kweiyo nitromethane kemikari iyo hellish michina inoshandisa semafuta einjini dzavo. Pasi pesimba remusanganiswa uyu unoputika, mainjini anoshanda mune yakawandisa modhi uye mumijaho mishoma inoshanduka kuita murwi wesimbi isingakoshi, uye nekuda kwesimba remafuta kuenderera mberi nekudzikamisa, ruzha rwekushanda kwavo rwakafanana nekutinhira kwechipuka kwechikara kuverenga nguva dzekupedzisira dzehupenyu hwako. Maitiro muinjini anogona kungo fananidzwa nemhedzisiro isingadzoreki nyonganiso iri pamuganhu pakutsvaga kwekuzviparadza panyama. Kazhinji imwe yemasirinda inokundikana panoperera chikamu chekutanga. Simba reinjini dzinoshandiswa mumutambo uyu unopenga dzinosvika pamitengo isingayerwe nedynamometer pasi rose, uye kushungurudzwa kwemamishini kunopfuura mitsara yese yeinjiniya ...

Asi ngatidzokerei pamwoyo wenyaya yedu uye titarise zvakanyanya zvimiro zve nitromethane peturu (yakasanganiswa nezvishoma muzana kuenzanisa methanol), iri pasina mubvunzo chinhu chine simba kwazvo chinoshandiswa chero munzira ipi neipi yemijaho yemotokari. chiitiko. Yese kabhoni maatomu mumamorekuru ayo (CH3NO2) ine maatomu eoksijeni maviri, zvinoreva kuti mafuta anotakura pamwe neakawanda eiyo okisijeni inodiwa kumoto. Nechikonzero chimwe chete ichocho, simba remagetsi pa litre imwe ye nitromethane rakadzikira pane litre rimwe peturu, asi nemweya wakaenzana wakaenzana uyo injini inogona kuyamwa mumakamuri emoto, nitromethane ichapa zvakanyanya simba rakazara panguva yekupisa. ... Izvi zvinogoneka nekuti iyo pachayo ine oxygen uye nekudaro inogona kusanganisa yakawanda yemahydrocarbon mafuta zvinoriumba (kazhinji zvisingaite mukushaikwa kwe oxygen). Mune mamwe mazwi, nitromethane ine simba risingapetwe katatu pane peturu, asi iine mweya wakaenzana, kanokwana 3,7 nguva yakawanda nitromethane inogona kusanganiswa kupfuura peturu.

Chero ani anoziva maitiro ekupisa mumotokari yemotokari anoziva kuti dambudziko rechokwadi ne "kusvina" simba rakawanda kunze kwejini inopisa mukati haisi kuwedzera kuyerera kwemafuta mumakamuri - mapombi ane simba e hydraulic anokwana izvi. kusvika pakakwirira zvakanyanya. Dambudziko chairo nderekupa mweya wakakwana (kana okisijeni) kuita oxidize mahydrocarbon uye kuve nechokwadi chekupisa kwakanyanya kunogoneka. Ndicho chikonzero nei dragster mafuta anoshandisa nitrogetan, pasina izvo zvingave zvisingafungidziki zvachose kuwana migumisiro yeiyi injini ine kutamiswa kwe8,2 litita. Panguva imwecheteyo, mota dzinoshanda nemasanganiswa akapfuma (pasi pemamwe mamiriro, nitromethane inogona kutanga kuita oxidize), nekuda kwekuti mamwe emafuta anoiswa oxidized mumapombi ekupedza uye anoumba anoyevedza mashiripiti magetsi pamusoro pavo.

Torque 6750 Newton mamita

Avhareji torque yeinjini idzi inosvika 6750 Nm. Iwe unogona kunge watoona kuti pane chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa musvomhu dzese idzi ... Chokwadi ndechekuti kuti usvike pane zvakatarwa, sekondi yega yega injini inomhanya pa8400 rpm haifanire kusveta, isingasviki 1,7 cubic metres mweya mutsva. Pane nzira imwe chete yekuita izvi - kumanikidzwa kuzadza. Basa guru munyaya iyi rinoitwa nehombe yemhando yeRoots-type mechanic unit, nekuda kwekuti kudzvinyirira muhuwandu hweinjini yekudhonza (yakafemerwa ne prehistoric Chrysler Hemi Elephant) inosvika kune inoshamisa 5 bar.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kuti mitoro ipi inobatanidzwa munyaya iyi, ngatitorei semuenzaniso imwe yengano dzenguva yegoridhe yemakanika compressors - 3,0-litre racing V12. Mercedes-Benz W154. Simba remuchina uyu raive 468 hp. ne., asi zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa kuti iyo compressor drive yakatora whopping 150 hp. ne., kusasvika kune yakatsanangurwa 5 bar. Kana isu tawedzera 150 zviuru s kuaccount, isu tichasvika pamhedzisiro yekuti W154 yaive inoshamisa 618 hp yenguva yayo. Iwe unogona kuzvitongera wega kuti ingani simba rechokwadi iro mainjini ari muPamusoro Fuel kirasi anowana uye kuti yakawanda sei iyo inotorwa nemishini compressor drive. Zvechokwadi, kushandiswa kwe turbocharger munyaya iyi kwaizove kwakanyatsoshanda, asi kugadzirwa kwayo kwaisagona kutarisana nekupisa kwakanyanya kwemoto kubva kumagasi emhepo.

Kutanga kwechidimbu

Kune mazhinji eiyo nhoroondo yemotokari, kuvepo kwechinomanikidzwa kuvesa moto mukati meinjini dzekupisa dzemukati kwave kuri kuratidzira kwazvino tekinoroji kune inoenderana nhanho yekusimudzira. Izvi zvakaitika mugore ra2005 apo mubairo wakakurumbira wehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu muindasitiri yemotokari nemitambo, yakapihwa zita remusunguri wemagazini iyi, Paul Peach, yakapihwa kumusoro weVW injini yekuvandudza injini Rudolf Krebs neboka rake rekusimudzira. kushandiswa kweTwincharger tekinoroji mune 1,4-litre peturu injini. Nekuda kwekuzadzikiswa kwekuzadziswa kwemasilindiri vachishandisa inowirirana system yemakanika uye turbocharger, iyo unit inobatanidza nehunyanzvi kugovera yunifomu yekuparadzira torque uye simba rakakura rinowanzo rezvinodiwa-zvakasarudzika injini zvine hukuru hukuru nehupfumi nehupfumi hweinjini diki. Makore gumi nerimwe gare gare, injini yeVW's 11-litre TSI injini (iine kuwedzera kushoma kwekufambisa kubhadhara chikwereti chayo chinobatika nekuda kweMiller kutenderera yakashandiswa) ikozvino ine hunyanzvi hwakawanda hweVNT turbocharger tekinoroji uye yakasarudzwazve Paul Peach Award.

Muchokwadi, yekutanga mota yekugadzira ine peturu injini uye turbocharged kusiyanisa geometry, iyo Porsche 911 Turbo yakaburitswa muna 2005. Ose maviri ma compressors, akagadzirwa pamwe chete nePorsche R&D mainjiniya pamwe nevamwe vavo kuBorg Warner Turbo Systems, VW vanoshandisa iyo inozivikanwa uye yakareba-yakasimbiswa pfungwa yeanosiyana geometry mune turbodiesel mayuniti, iyo isina kuitiswa mumafuta epeturu nekuda kwedambudziko. ine yepamusoro (ingangoita mazana maviri emadhigirii achienzaniswa nedhiziri) avhareji yekupisa gasi tembiricha. Kune izvi, zvinopisa kupisa zvinodzivirira zvinhu kubva kumuchina weaerospace zvakashandiswa kune gasi rinotungamira vanes uye yekukurumidza-kudzora kudzora algorithm mune yekudzvanya system. Kubudirira kweVW mainjiniya.

Nguva yegoridhe yeiyo turbocharger

Kubva pakamiswa iyo 745i muna 1986, BMW yakagara ichidzivirira yayo dhizaini dhizaini yeinjini dzepeturu, maererano nenzira imwechete "yechinyakare" yekuwana simba rakawanda yaive yekumhanyisa injini pakakwirira revs. Hapana dzidziso dzakatsauka uye kutamba nemuchina compressors a la Mercedes (C 200 Kompressor) kana Toyota (Corolla Compressor), hapana rusaruro kuVW kana Opel turbocharger. Munich mainjiniya vavaki vakapa mukana kune wepamusoro-frequency kuzadza uye zvakajairika mhepo yekumanikidza, kushandiswa kwepamusoro-tekinoroji mhinduro uye, muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kukura kukuru. Compressor kuyedza kunoenderana neBavaria injini dzakapotsa dzaendeswa zvachose ku "fakirs" nekambani yekugadzirisa Alpina, iri padhuze nekunetseka kweMunich.

Nhasi, BMW haichagadziri injini dzepeturu, uye injini yedhiziri inotova neine-cylinder turbocharged injini. Volvo inoshandisa musanganiswa wekuwedzera mafuta nemuchina uye turbocharger, Audi yakagadzira injini yedhiziri ine musanganiswa wemagetsi compressor uye maviri cascade turbocharger, Mercedes ine injini yepeturu ine magetsi uye turbocharger.

Nekudaro, tisati tataura nezvavo, isu tichadzokera kumashure munguva kuti tiwane midzi yeiyi shanduko yetekinoroji. Tichadzidza kuti vagadziri vekuAmerica vakaedza sei kushandisa tekinoroji yeturbo kubhadhara kudzikiswa kwesaizi yeinjini zvakakonzerwa nedambudziko remafuta maviri mumakore makumi masere uye kutadza kwavakaita mukuedza uku. Tichataura pamusoro pekuedza kusina kubudirira kwaRudolf Diesel kugadzira injini ye compressor. Ticharangarira nguva inobwinya yeinjini dze compressor muma20s ne30s, pamwe nemakore akareba ekukanganwa. Ehe, isu hatizopotsa kutaridzika kwekutanga kugadzirwa modhi ye turbocharger mushure mekutanga kukuru kwemafuta dambudziko re70s. Kana yeScania Turbo compound system. Muchidimbu - isu tichakuudza nezve nhoroondo uye shanduko ye compressor tekinoroji ...

(kutevera)

Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev