Diki amphibious tank T-38 Muna 1935, tangi yeT-37A yakagadziridzwa, iine chinangwa chekuvandudza maitiro ayo ekumhanya. Ndichiri kuchengetedza chimiro chekare, tangi itsva, yakasarudzwa T-38, yakava yakaderera uye yakafara, iyo yakawedzera kugadzikana kwayo, uye yakagadziridzwa yekumisa hurongwa yakaita kuti iwedzere kukurumidza uye kutasva kutsetseka. Panzvimbo pekusiyanisa mota pane tangi yeT-38, mabatiro epadivi akashandiswa senzira yekutendeuka. Welding yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwetangi. Motokari yakapinda mubasa neRed Army munaFebruary 1936 uye yakanga iri mukugadzirwa kusvika 1939. Pakazara, indasitiri yakabudisa 1382 T-38 matangi. Vaive mukushandira nematangi uye mauto ekucherekedza emapoka epfuti, makambani ekucherekedza ega ega matangi brigades. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva iyoyo hapana mauto enyika aiva matangi akadaro. Kushanda kweamphibious matangi mumauto kwakaratidza huwandu hukuru hwekukanganisa uye zvikanganiso mavari. Zvakazoitika kuti T-37A ine kusavimbika kutapurirana uye chassis, makwara anowanzo kudonha, rwendo rwekufamba rwakaderera, uye buoyancy margin haina kukwana. Naizvozvo, iyo dhizaini Bureau yechirimwa # 37 yakapihwa basa rekugadzira nyowani amphibious tank yakavakirwa paT-37A. Basa rakatanga pakupera kwa1934 pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemugadziri mukuru mutsva wemiti, N. Astrov. Pakugadzira motokari yehondo, iyo yakagamuchira fekitari index 09A, yaifanira kubvisa kukanganisa kwakaonekwa kweT-37A, kunyanya kuwedzera kuvimbika kwezvikamu zvetangi itsva yeamphibious. Muna June 1935, imwe prototype yetangi, iyo yakagamuchira mauto index T-38, akaenda kunoedzwa. Pakugadzira tangi idzva, vagadziri vakaedza, pese pazvaibvira, kushandisa zvinhu zveT-37A, panguva ino yakanyatso kugadzirwa. Mamiriro eiyo amphibious T-38 aive akafanana neT-37A tank, asi mutyairi akaiswa kurudyi uye turret kuruboshwe. Pakurasa kwemutyairi pakanga paine maburi ekuongorora mugirazi remhepo uye kurutivi rwerudyi rwehull. Iyo T-38, ichienzaniswa neT-37A, yaive nehupamhi hull isina yekuwedzera fender inoyangarara. Zvombo zveT-38 zvakaramba zvakafanana - 7,62 mm DT muchina pfuti yakasimudzwa mugomo rebhora mune yepamberi pepa re turret. Dhizaini yekupedzisira, kunze kwekuchinja kudiki, yakakweretwa zvachose kubva kuT-37A tank. T-38 yakanga yakashongedzerwa injini imwechete seyakatangira GAZ-AA ine simba re40 hp. Injini mublock ine main clutch uye gearbox yakaiswa padivi peaxis yetangi pakati pezvigaro zvemukuru uye mutyairi. Kutapurirana kwaisanganisira imwe-disk main clutch of dry friction (mota clutch kubva GAZ-AA), "gasi" ina-speed gearbox, cardan shaft, final drive, final clutches and final drives. Iyo undercarriage yaive munzira dzakawanda dzakafanana neT-37A amphibious tank, kubva kwairi dhizaini yemabogi ekumisa uye makwara akakweretwa. Dhizaini yevhiri rekutyaira yakashandurwa zvishoma, uye vhiri rekutungamira rakave rakafanana muhukuru kune track rollers (kunze kwekunge mabhengi). Pakashandiswa chibhorani chine mablade matatu nechidhiraivho chakati sandarara kuti motokari ifambe. Iyo propeller yaive yakabatana negearbox rekubvisa simba pachishandiswa shaft yepropeller, yakaiswa pagiya bhokisi. Midziyo yemagetsi yeT-38 yakaitwa maererano ne-single-waya circuit ine voltage ye6V. Iyo Z-STP-85 bhatiri uye iyo GBF-4105 jenareta yakashandiswa sematsime emagetsi. Motokari itsva yakanga ine nhamba huru yezvikanganiso. Semuenzaniso, maererano neshumo kubva kufekitari Nhamba 37 kusvika kuABTU yeRed Army, kubva munaJuly 3 kusvika July 17, 1935, T-38 yakaedzwa kanomwe chete, nguva yose iyo tangi yakanga ichigadziriswa. Nguva nenguva, miedzo yetangi idzva yakaenderera kusvikira munguva yechando ye1935, uye musi waFebruary 29, 1936, nechisungo cheDare reVashandi neDziviriro yeU.SR, tangi yeT-38 yakagamuchirwa neRed Army panzvimbo yeRed Army. T-37A. Muchirimo chegore rimwe chetero, kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweamphibian itsva kwakatanga, iyo kusvika muzhizha yakaenda pamwe chete nekubudiswa kweT-37A. Iyo serial T-38 yakanga yakati siyanei neiyo prototype - imwe vhiri remugwagwa rakaiswa mumotokari yepasi, dhizaini yehull uye hatch yemutyairi yakachinja zvishoma. Zvipfeko zvezvombo zvehondo uye turrets zveT-38 matangi zvakabva chete kubva kuOrdzhonikidze Podolsky chirimwa, iyo muna 1936 yakakwanisa kugadzira kugadzirwa kwavo muhuwandu hunodiwa. Muna 1936, turrets dzakagadzirwa neIzhora plant dzakaiswa pane shoma T-38s, iyo yakasara yakasara mushure mekuguma kwekugadzirwa kweT-37A. Mukudonha kwa1936, paNIBT yekuratidza nzvimbo, yakaedzwa kune waranti mileage serial. amphibious tangi T-38 ine ngoro dzemhando itsva. Vakanga vakasiyaniswa nekusavapo kwepiston mukati mechitubu chakadzika, uye kuitira kuti tsvimbo yekufambisa irege kubuda kunze kwechubhu kana paine mukana wekuburitsa ma rollers, tambo yesimbi yakasungirirwa kumabhuraketi engoro. Munguva yekuedzwa munaGunyana-Zvita 1936, tangi iyi yakafukidza makiromita 1300 mumigwagwa nenzvimbo dzakaipa. Mabhogi matsva, sezvakataurwa mumagwaro, "akaratidza kushanda zvakanaka, achiratidza huwandu hwezvakanakira pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwekare." Mhedziso dziri mumushumo webvunzo weT-38 dzakataura zvinotevera: "Tangi reT-38 rakakodzera kugadzirisa akazvimirira mabasa ehunyanzvi. Zvisinei, kuwedzera dynamics, zvinokosha kuisa M-1 injini. Pamusoro pezvo, kushomeka kunofanirwa kubviswa: gwara rinodonha kana uchityaira munzvimbo dzakashata, kusamira kunyorova, mabasa evashandi haagutse, mutyairi haaonekwe kuruboshwe. " Kubva pakutanga kwa1937, shanduko dzakati wandei dzakaunzwa mukugadzirwa kwetangi: bhawa rezvombo rakaiswa panzvimbo yekuona muvhavha yepamberi yemutyairi, iyo yaidzivirira lead splash kupinda mutangi pakupfura pfuti nepfuti yemuchina. modhi itsva yemabhogi (ine tambo yesimbi) yakashandiswa mungoro yepasi. ... Uye zvakare, vhezheni yeredhiyo yeT-38, ine 71-TK-1 nhepfenyuro ine tyava antenna, yakapinda mukugadzirwa. Iyo antenna inopinza yaive papepa rekumusoro remberi kwehull pakati pechigaro chemutyairi neturret. Muchirimo cha1937, kugadzirwa kweT-38 amphibious matangi kwakamiswa - nhamba huru yekunyunyuta yakagamuchirwa kubva kumauto yemotokari nyowani yekurwa. Mushure mekufamba kwechirimo muna 1937, kwakapihwa muMoscow, Kiev neBelorussia mauto ematunhu, hutungamiriri hweArmored Directorate yeRed Army hwakaraira dhizaini dhizaini yechirimwa kuti igadzirise tanki T-38. Iyo yemazuva ano yaifanirwa kuve seizvi: kuwedzera kumhanya kwetangi, kunyanya pasi, kuwedzera kumhanya uye kuvimbika paunenge uchityaira uchiyangarara, kuwedzera simba rekurwa, kunatsiridza serviceability, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi uye kuvimbika kwematangi ematangi, kubatanidza zvikamu neKomsomolets tarakita, iyo inoderedza mutengo wetangi. Kushanda pakugadzirwa kwemhando itsva dzeT-38 kwaive kunonoka. Pakazara, prototypes maviri akaitwa, ayo akagamuchira mazita T-38M1 uye T-38M2. Matangi ose aive neGAZ M-1 injini ine simba re50 hp. nengoro kubva kuKomsomolets tarakita. Pakati pavo, motokari dzakanga dzine misiyano miduku. Saka T-38M1 yakanga ine hull yakawedzera kureba ne 100 mm, iyo yakapa kuwedzera kwekutama ne 600 kg, sloth yetangi yakaderedzwa ne 100 mm kuderedza kureba kwekufamba kwemotokari. Iyo T-38M2 hull yakawedzera ne 75 mm, ichipa kuwedzera kwekutama kwe450 kg, sloth yakaramba iri panzvimbo imwe chete, pakanga pasina nhepfenyuro pamotokari. Mune zvimwe zvese, T-38M1 uye T-38M2 dzaive dzakafanana. Muna May-June 1938, matangi ose maviri akakunda miedzo yakakura pane imwe nzvimbo yekudzidzira muKubinka pedyo neMoscow. Iyo T-38M1 uye T-38M2 yakaratidza huwandu hwezvakanakira pamusoro peiyo serial T-38 uye Armored Directorate yeRed Army yakasimudza nyaya yekuendesa kugadzirwa kweazvino tangi inoyangarara, yakasarudzwa T-38M (kana T-38M. serial). Pakazara, muna 1936 - 1939, 1175 mutsara, 165 T-38 uye 7 T-38M matangi, kusanganisira T-38M1 uye T-38M2. Pakazara, 1382 matangi akagadzirwa neindasitiri. Sechikamu chepfuti nevatasvi vemabhiza veRed Army (panguva iyoyo pakanga pasina matangi amphibious mumatangi ematangi ematunhu ekumadokero emasoja), T-38 uye T-37A vakatora chikamu mu "mushandirapamwe werusununguko" muWestern. Ukraine neBelarus, munaGunyana 1939. Pakatanga kurwisana neFinland. Musi waNovember 30, 1939, mune zvikamu zveLeningrad Military District, paiva ne435 T-38s uye T-37s, iyo yakashanda nesimba muhondo. Saka, somuenzaniso, musi waDecember 11, mauto 18 anosanganisira 54 T-38 units akasvika paKarelian Isthmus. Battalion yakabatanidzwa ku136th Rifle Division, matangi akashandiswa senhare dzekupfura pamativi uye mukati menguva pakati pemaumbirwo ehondo ekurwisa mauto evacheche. Mukuwedzera, matangi eT-38 akapiwa kuchengetedza kwechigaro chekuraira chechikamu, pamwe nekubviswa kwevakakuvadzwa kubva munhandare yehondo uye kuendeswa kwezvombo. Manheru eHondo Yenyika II, mauto emhepo aisanganisira tangi rejasi, iyo yaizove yakashongedzerwa ne50 T-38 units. Soviet amphibious tanks vakagamuchira rubhabhatidzo rwavo rwemoto munguva dzehondo muFar East. Chokwadi, dzaishandiswa imomo zvishomanene zvikuru. Saka, muzvikamu uye maumbirwo eRed Army akabatanidzwa mukurwisana munzvimbo yeKhalkhin-Gol rwizi, matangi eT-38 aingova mukugadzirwa kwepfuti uye pfuti yehondo ye11 tbr (8 units) uye iyo tangi battalion ye82 sd (14 zvikamu). Tichitarisa nezvemishumo iyi, vakaratidza kuti vaive vasina basa mukurwisa uye kudzivirira. Mukati mehondo kubva muna May kusvika muna August 1939, 17 vavo vakarasika.   T-41 T-37A, kusunungurwa 1933 T-37A, kusunungurwa 1934 T-38 T-40 Combat uremu, t 3,5 2,9 3,2 3,3 5,5 Boka, vanhu 2 2 2 2 2 Kureba muviri, mm 3670 3304 3730 3780 4140 Upamhi, mm 1950 1900 1940 2334 2330 Kureba, mm 1980 1736 1840 1630 1905 Kubvisa, mm 285 285 285 300 Hondo 7,62 mm DT 7,62 mm DT 7,62 mm DT 7,62 mm DT 12,7 mm DShK 7,62 mm DT Boekomplekt, cartridges 2520 2140 2140 1512 DshK-500 DG-2016 Reservation, mm: hull huma 9 8 9 10 13 hull side 9 8 9 10 10 denga 6 6 6 6 7 shongwe 9 8 6 10 10 Injini "Ford- AA" GAS- AA GAS- AA GAS- AA GAS- 11 Simba, h.p. 40 40 40 40 85 Kunonyanyisa kumhanya, km / h: panzira huru 36 36 40 40 45 kuyangarara 4.5 4 6 6 6 Simba rekuchengetedza mumugwagwa mukuru, km 180 200 230 250 300 Iyo huru shanduko yeT-38 tank: T-38 - mutsara amphibious tank (1936, 1937, 1939); SU-45 - self-propelled artillery gomo (prototype, 1936); T-38RT - tangi ine redhiyo 71-TK-1 (1937); OT-38 - kemikari (flamethrower) tangi (prototypes, 1935-1936); T-38M - mutsara tangi ine otomatiki 20-mm pfuti TNSh-20 (1937); T-38M2 - mutsetse tangi ine GAZ-M1 injini (1938); T-38-TT - telemechanical boka rematangi (1939-1940); ZIS-30 - self-propelled pfuti inobva tarakita "Komsomolets" (1941). Sources: M.V. Kolomiets "Wonder Weapon" yaStalin. Amphibious matangi eGreat Patriotic War T-37, T-38, T-40; Amphibious matangi T-37, T-38, T-40 [Mufananidzo wepamberi 2003-03]; M. B. Baryatinsky. Red Army amphibians. (Mugadziri wemuenzaniso); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; Svirin M. N. “Nhoo yezvombo yaStalin. Nhoroondo yetangi reSoviet 1937-1943"; Almanac "zvombo zvehondo"; Ivo Pejčoch, Svatopluk Spurný – Armored Technology 3, USSR 1919-1945; Chamberlain, Peter & Chris Ellis (1972) Tanks of the World, 1915-1945; Zaloga, Steven J .; James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Matangi uye Motokari dzehondo dzeHondo Yenyika II.