Kumaka mwenje wemota

zviratidzo zvemwenje inogona kupa muridzi wemotokari ruzivo rwakawanda, serudzi rwemarambi anogona kuiswa mavari, chikamu chavo, nyika iyo mvumo yepamutemo yekugadzirwa kwemwenje yakadaro yakapihwa, rudzi rwechiedza chakabudiswa navo, kuvhenekera (mu lux), gwara rekufamba, uye kunyangwe zuva rekugadzira . Chinhu chekupedzisira chinonakidza zvikuru mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuti ruzivo urwu runogona kushandiswa kutarisa zera rechokwadi kana uchitenga motokari yakashandiswa. Vagadziri vemagetsi emuchina (eg KOITO kana HELLA) vane mazita avo, ayo anobatsira kuziva kana uchiatenga kana kutenga mota. kuenderera mberi mune izvo zvinyorwa, ruzivo rwunopihwa pane akasiyana mamark e LED, xenon uye halogen block headlights.

1. Mucherechedzo wemvumo yepasi rose. Muchiitiko ichi chakabvumirwa muGermany.
2. Vara A rinoreva kuti mwenje wemberi ungave mwenje wemberi kana wepadivi.
3. Iko kusanganiswa kwezviratidzo HR kunoreva kuti kana halogen mwenje wakaiswa mumusoro wemwenje, ipapo chete kune yakakwirira danda.
4. Zviratidzo zveDCR zvinoreva kuti kana marambi exenon akaiswa mumwenje, anogona kugadzirwa ese ari maviri akadzika danda uye yakakwirira danda.
5. Iyo inonzi inotungamira nhamba yekutanga (VOCH). Huwandu hwe12,5 uye 17,5 hunoenderana nekudzika kwakakwira danda.
6. Miseve inoratidza kuti chiedza chemberi chinogona kushandiswa pamichina yakagadzirirwa kutyaira mumigwagwa ine motokari yekurudyi nekuruboshwe.
7. Zviratidzo zve PL zvinozivisa muridzi wemotokari kuti lens yepurasitiki yakaiswa pamwenje wepamusoro.
8. Chiratidzo IA mune iyi kesi inoreva kuti mwenje wemusoro une reflexer yekutakura muchina.
9. Nhamba dziri pamusoro pemiseve dzinoratidza zvikamu zvekurerekera panofanira kuparadzirwa danda rakaderera. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti zvigadzirise kugadziriswa kwechiedza chinopenya chemwenje.
10. Iyo inonzi official approval. Inotaura nezvezviyero zvinosangana nemwenje wemberi. Nhamba dzinoratidza homologation (kusimudzira) nhamba. chero mugadziri ane zviyero zvake, uye zvakare anoenderana neaya epasirese.

Headlight markings by category

Kuisa chiratidzo chiratidzo chakajeka, chisingagoneki chekubvumirwa kwenyika dzakawanda, iyo iwe unogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro penyika iyo yakapa mvumo, chikwata chemwenje, nhamba yayo, rudzi rwemarambi anogona kuiswa mairi, nezvimwewo. Rimwe zita rekumaka nderokuti homologation, izwi iri rinoshandiswa mudenderedzwa renyanzvi. kazhinji, chiratidzo chinoiswa kune lens uye headlight housing. Kana iyo diffuser uye mwenje wemusoro usingabatanidzwe museti, ipapo chiratidzo chinowirirana chinoshandiswa kune girazi rayo rekudzivirira.

Zvino ngatiendei kune tsanangudzo yemhando dzemwenje. Saka, iwo marudzi matatu:

• mwenje wemwenje wechinyakare incandescent mwenje (ikozvino zvishoma uye zvishoma zvakajairika);
• mwenje wehalogen mwenje;
• mwenje we xenon bulbs (iwo zvakare mwenje wekuburitsa / mwenje);
• diode headlights (rimwe zita ndiro ice headlights).

Marambi emwenje. Tsamba C inoratidza kuti dzakagadzirirwa kupenya nedanda rakaderera, vara R - yakakwirira danda, kusanganiswa kwemavara CR - mwenje unogona kuburitsa matanda ese akaderera uye akakwirira, musanganiswa C / R unoreva kuti mwenje unogona kudzima chero yakaderera. kana danda rakakwirira (Mitemo UNECE No. 112, GOST R 41.112-2005).

Halogen marambi. Iko kusanganiswa kwemabhii HC kunoreva kuti irambi rakaderera, kusanganiswa kweHR kunoreva kuti mwenje ndeyekutyaira, kusanganiswa kweHCR kunoreva kuti mwenje wakadzikira uye wakakwira, uye musanganiswa HC / R mwenje wepasi kana yakakwirira danda (UNECE Regulation No. 112, GOST R 41.112-2005).

Xenon (gasi rinobuda) marambi. Kubatanidzwa kwemavara DC kunoreva kuti mwenje wakagadzirirwa kuburitsa danda rakaderera, kusanganiswa kweDR kunoreva kuti mwenje unoburitsa danda rakakwirira, kusanganiswa kweDCR kunoreva kuti mwenje wakadzikira uye wakakwira, uye musanganiswa DC / R. zvinoreva kuti mwenje unogona kunge wakaderera kana wepamusoro danda (Mitemo UNECE No. 98, GOST R 41.98-99).

Iyo HCHR yekumaka pamotokari dzeJapan zvinoreva - HID C Halogen R, kureva, yakaderera xenon, yakakwirira halogen mwenje.

Kubva Gumiguru 23, 2010, zviri pamutemo kubvumidzwa kuisa xenon headlights pamotokari. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa kuve newasher yemwenje uye yavo auto-corrector. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinoshuvira kuti vashandi vehurumende dzemapurisa emigwagwa vapinde mucherechedzo wakakodzera pane izvo zvinounzwa mukugadzirwa kwemotokari muchikamu che "special marks" che STS / PTS.

Marambi akanakisa emota

Ziva kuti ndeapi magirobhu ekuisa mumwenje wemota yako. Zviyero zvinopihwa kune mwenje yakakurumbira muh1, h4 uye h7 zvigadziko. Mazita anounganidzwa zvichienderana nezviyero zvemuviri zviratidzo zvemarambi uye maitiro avo Verenga zvimwe

 

Kubvumidzwa Kwenyika Dzose

Mwenje dzese dzine marezenisi dzakaiswa mumotokari dzemazuvano dzine imwe mhando yechitupa. Aya anotevera mazinga akanyanya kuwanda: vara "E" rinoenderana neEuropean mwero, chidimbu DOT (Department of Transport - United States Department of Transportation) - yekutanga American standard, musanganiswa weSAE (Society Of Automotive Engineers - Society of Machine Engineers) - imwe chiyero maererano neiyo , kusanganisira injini yemafuta.

Pakumaka marambi, sepakumaka marambi, nhamba chaiyo inoshandiswa kuratidza nyika. Ruzivo rwakakodzera runopfupikiswa mutafura.

Room	Zita renyika	Room	Zita renyika	Room	Zita renyika
1	Germany	13	Luxembourg	25	Croatia
2	France	14	Switzerland	26	Slovenia
3	Italy	15	haana kupihwa	27	Slovakia
4	Netherlands	16	Norway	28	Belarus
5	Sweden	17	Finland	29	Estonia
6	Belgium	18	Denmark	30	haana kupihwa
7	Hungary	19	Romania	31	Bosnia neHerzegovina
8	Czech Republic	20	Poland	32 ... 36	haana kupihwa
9	Spain	21	Portugal	37	Turkey
10	Yugoslavia	22	The Russian Federation	38-39	haana kupihwa
11	United Kingdom	23	Greece	40	Republic of Macedonia
12	Austria	24	haana kupihwa	-	-

Mazhinji marambi epamberi anewo logo yemugadziri kana mhando pasi peiyo chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa. Saizvozvo, nzvimbo yemugadziri inoratidzwa (kazhinji ingori iyo nyika iyo mwenje wakagadzirwa, semuenzaniso, Yakagadzirwa muTaiwan), pamwe neyemhando yepamusoro (iyi inogona kunge iri yepasi rose, semuenzaniso, ISO, kana yemukati yemhando zviyero zvemumwe kana mumwe mugadziri chaiwo).

Rudzi rwechiedza chinobudiswa

kazhinji, ruzivo pamusoro pemhando yechiedza chinobudiswa chinoratidzwa pane imwe nzvimbo muzita rechiratidzo chakatenderedzwa. Saka, kunze kwemhando dziri pamusoro dzemwaranzi (halogen, xenon, LED), kunewo mazita anotevera:

• Tsamba L. ndiyo magadzirirwo emagetsi ekumashure rezinesi plate yemota.
• Vara A (dzimwe nguva rinosanganiswa netsamba D, izvo zvinoreva kuti homologation inoreva mbiri yemwenje). Mazita anoenderana nemarambi enzvimbo yepamberi kana marambi eparutivi.
• Tsamba R (saizvozvo, dzimwe nguva musanganiswa netsamba D). Ichi ndicho chinonzi tail light.
• Kusanganiswa kwemavara S1, S2, S3 (zvakafanana, netsamba D). ndozvinoita mabrake lights.
• Tsamba B. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mwenje wefog yepamberi inosarudzwa (mumutauro weRussia - PTF).
• Tsamba F. Zita racho rinoenderana nechekumashure mwenje wefog, iyo yakasungirirwa pamotokari, pamwe chete nematrailer.
• Tsamba S. Zita racho rinoenderana nerambi regirazi rose.
• Dhizaini yechiratidzo chemberi 1, 1B, 5 - parutivi, 2a - kumashure (vanoburitsa mwenje weorenji).
• Masaini ekutendeuka anouyawo aine ruvara rwakajeka (chena mwenje), asi anopenya orenji nekuda kwemarambi eorenji mukati.
• Kusanganiswa kweAR zviratidzo. Aya ndiwo maonerwo anoitwa marambi ekudzoreredza akaiswa pamotokari nematirakita.
• Tsamba RL. saka maka marambi efluorescent.
• Musanganiswa wemabhii PL. Zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinoenderana nemwenje wepamusoro nemapurasitiki lenzi.
• 02A - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mwenje wepadivi (saizi) inosarudzwa.

Zvinonakidza kuti motokari dzakagadzirirwa kumusika weNorth America (United States of America, Canada) hadzina mazita akafanana neEurope, asi vane yavo. Semuyenzaniso, ma "turn signals" pamotokari dzeAmerica anowanzo tsvuku (kunyangwe paine mamwe). Symbol musanganiswa IA, IIIA, IB, IIIB zvinoratidzira. Mucherechedzo I unoenderana nezviratidziro zvemotokari, chiratidzo chechitatu chetirarera, uye chiratidzo B chinoenderana nemwenje wemusoro wakaiswa.

Maererano nemitemo, pamotokari dzeAmerica dzine urefu hunopfuura mamita matanhatu, marambi eparutivi anofanira kuiswa. Iwo orenji muruvara uye akasarudzwa SM6 uye SM1 (yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu). Maraiti ekumashure anoburitsa mwenje dzvuku. Matrarera anofanirwa kunge akashongedzerwa netwo mativi matatu-anoratidzira ine zita ІІІА uye contour mwenje.

Kazhinji pane iyo ruzivo ndiro panewo ruzivo pamusoro pekutanga kona yekurerekera, pasi peiyo danda rakanyikwa rinofanira kuparadzirwa. Kazhinji kazhinji iri muhuwandu hwe1 ... 1,5%. Muchiitiko ichi, panofanira kunge paine inotenderera kona yekona, sezvo neyakasiyana mitoro yemotokari, iyo yemwenje yekuvhenekesa kona inoshandukawo (kungotaura, kana kumashure kwemota kwakaremerwa, chigadziko chinopenya chinopenya kubva kumwenje chinotungamirwa kwete mugwagwa, asi zvakananga pamberi pemotokari uye kunyange zvishoma zvishoma kumusoro). Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, kazhinji, iyi igadziriso yemagetsi, uye inokubvumira kuti uchinje kona inoenderana zvakananga kubva pachigaro chemutyairi paunenge uchityaira. Mumotokari dzechikuru, kona iyi inofanirwa kugadziridzwa mumwenje wemberi.

Mamwe marambi epamusoro akanyorwa neiyo SAE kana DOT (yeEuropean neAmerican standard yevagadziri vemotokari) nhamba yakajairwa.

Kukosha kwekureruka

Pamaraiti ese emberi pane chiratidzo chehukuru hwekupenya kwakanyanya (mu lux) iyo mwenje wemberi kana peya yemwenje inokwanisa kuburitsa. Ukoshi uhwu hunodaidzwa kuti inotungamira base nhamba (yakapfupikiswa seVCH). Saizvozvo, iyo yakakwira iyo VOC kukosha, iyo yakanyanya kupenya mwenje inoburitswa nemwenje, uye yakakura huwandu hwekuparadzira kwayo. Ndokumbira utarise kuti chiratidzo ichi chinoenderana chete nemwenje wepamberi ane akanyikwa uye akakwira matanda.

Zvinoenderana nemirairo nemirairo yemazuva ano, vese vagadziri vemazuva ano havabvumidzwe kugadzira malights ane inotungamira base nhamba kukosha inopfuura 50 (iyo inoenderana ne150 zviuru candelas, cd). Kana iri iyo yakazara yakazara mwenje intensity inoburitswa nemwenje yese yakaiswa pamberi pemota, haifanirwe kudarika 75, kana 225 zviuru candela. Kunze mwenje wemotokari dzakakosha uye / kana zvikamu zvakavharwa zvemigwagwa, pamwe nezvikamu zviri kure zvakanyanya kubva kune zvikamu zvemugwagwa zvinoshandiswa nevakajairika (vanhu) zvekutakura.

Nzira yekufamba

Uku kumaka kwakakodzera kumota dzine dhiraivha yekurudyi, kureva, kune iyo yakatanga kugadzirirwa kutyaira mumigwagwa ine kuruboshwe kuruboshwe. Iri basa rakanyorwa nemiseve. Saka, kana muchiratidzo chiri pachiedza chepamusoro museve unoonekwa uchinongedza kuruboshwe, saka, saizvozvo, chiedza chepamusoro chinofanira kuiswa mumotokari yakagadzirirwa kutyaira mumigwagwa ine kuruboshwe rworuboshwe. Kana pane miseve miviri yakadaro (inotungamirirwa kurudyi nekuruboshwe), ipapo magetsi akadaro anogona kuiswa pamotokari yemigwagwa ine zvose zviri zviviri kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Ichokwadi, munyaya iyi, kuwedzera kugadziridzwa kwemwenje wepamusoro kunodiwa.

Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvakawanda, miseve inongoshaikwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti chiedza chepamusoro chinofanira kuiswa pamotokari yakagadzirirwa kutyaira mumugwagwa wekurudyi. Kusavapo kwemuseve kunokonzerwa nekuti kune migwagwa yakawanda ine migwagwa yekurudyi munyika kupfuura yekuruboshwe-kuruboshwe, zvakafanana nemotokari dzinoenderana.

Mvumo yepamutemo

Mazhinji marambi (asi kwete ese) ane ruzivo nezve mwero iyo chigadzirwa chinoteedzera. Uye zvinoenderana nemugadziri chaiwo. kazhinji, iyo standardization ruzivo inowanikwa pazasi pechiratidzo mukati medenderedzwa. Kazhinji, ruzivo runochengetwa mumubatanidzwa wenhamba dzinoverengeka. Iwo maviri ekutanga ndiwo magadzirirwo akaitwa iyi modhi yemwenje (kana iripo, zvikasadaro manhamba ekutanga achava mazero maviri). Madijiti asara ndiwo nhamba yehomologation yega yega.

Homologation ndiko kuvandudzwa kwechinhu, kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hunhu kuitira kuti uenderane nechero zviyero kana zvinodiwa nenyika yevatengi yezvinhu, kuwana mvumo kubva kusangano repamutemo. Homologation inonyanya kufanana ne "accreditation" uye "certification".

Vatyairi vakawanda vanofarira mubvunzo wekuti ndepapi chaipo iwe unogona kuona ruzivo pamusoro pekumaka kwezvitsva zvitsva kana zvakatoiswa zviedza pamotokari. Kazhinji kazhinji, ruzivo rwakakodzera runoshandiswa kune chikamu chepamusoro cheimba yemwenje, kureva, pasi pehodhi. Imwe sarudzo ndeyokuti ruzivo rwakadhindwa pagirazi rechiedza chepamusoro kubva mukati maro. Sezvineiwo, kune mamwe malights, ruzivo harugone kuverengwa pasina kutanga wabvisa mwenje kubva pachigaro chavo. Izvo zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo mota modhi.

Kumaka xenon headlights

Mumakore achangopfuura, xenon headlights ave akakurumbira zvikuru nevatyairi vepamba. Ivo vane akati wandei mabhenefiti pamusoro pekirasi halogen light sources. Vane rudzi rwakasiyana rwechigadziko - D2R (iyo inonzi reflex) kana D2S (inonzi purojekita), uye tembiricha inopenya iri pasi pe5000 K (nhamba 2 mumazita inoenderana nechizvarwa chechipiri chemwenje, uye nhamba 1, zvichiteerana, kune yekutanga, asi ikozvino inowanikwa zvisingawanzo nekuda kwezvikonzero zviri pachena). Ndapota cherechedza kuti kuiswa kwe xenon headlights kunofanira kuitwa nenzira yakarurama, kureva, maererano nemitemo yezvino nemitemo. Nokudaro, zviri nani kuisa xenon headlight mune imwe nzvimbo yekugadzirisa motokari.

Aya anotevera maratidziro ehalogen mwenje wehalogen, ayo zvinogoneka kuona kana xenon mwenje inogona kuiswa panzvimbo:

• DC/DR. Muchiedza chepamusoro chakadaro kune zvitubu zvakasiyana zvepasi uye yakakwirira matanda. Uyezve, mazita akadaro anogonawo kuitika pamagetsi ekubudisa gasi. Saizvozvowo, panzvimbo yavo, unogona kuisa "xenon", zvisinei, maererano nemitemo yakataurwa pamusoro apa.
• DC/HR. Zviedza zvakadaro zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvigadziriswe nemagetsi ekubudisa gasi kune chiedza chepasi. Saizvozvo, marambi akadaro haagone kuiswa pane mamwe marudzi emwenje.
• HC/HR. Kumaka uku kunoiswa pamwenje wemota dzeJapan. Zvinoreva kuti pachinzvimbo chehalogen mwenje, iwo xenon anogona kuiswa paari. Kana chinyorwa chakadaro chiri pamotokari yeEurope kana yeAmerica, ipapo kuiswa kwe xenon headlights pavari kunorambidzwawo! Saizvozvo, chete halogen mwenje inogona kushandiswa kwavari. Uye izvi zvinoshanda kune zvese zvakaderera danda uye mwenje mwenje wepamusoro.

Dzimwe nguva nhamba dzinonyorwa pamberi pezviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa (semuenzaniso, 04). Iyi nhamba inoratidza kuti shanduko dzakaitwa kune zvinyorwa uye dhizaini yezvivheneko zvemusoro zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveUNECE Regulation nenhamba yakaratidzwa pamberi pezviratidzo zvataurwa.

Kana dziri nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa ruzivo nezve mwenje wemusoro, xenon mwenje masosi anogona kuve nematatu acho:

• chaizvo pagirazi kubva mukati maro;
• pamusoro pechifukidziro chemwenje, yakagadzirwa negirazi kana plastiki, kuti udzidze ruzivo rwakakodzera, iwe kazhinji unoda kuzarura hood yemotokari;
• kuseri kwechifukidziro chegirazi.

Xenon marambi anewo akati wandei mazita ega. Pakati pavo pane mavara akati wandei echiRungu:

• A - side;
• B - mhute;
• C - danda rakanyura;
• R - high danda;
• C / R (CR) - yekushandiswa mumarambi emusoro semabviro eakadzika uye akakwirira matanda.

sticker remwenje we xenon

Mienzaniso yezvimiti zvakasiyana-siyana

Munguva ichangopfuura, pakati pevatyairi, pamotokari dzavo xenon mavhenekeri akaiswa kwete kubva kufekitari, asi panguva yekushanda, musoro wekuzvigadzira kwezvimiti zvemwenje uri kuwedzera mukurumbira. kureva, izvi ndezvechokwadi kune xenon akagadziridzwa zvakare, kureva, akajairwa xenon lenses akatsiviwa kana kuiswa (yeoptics pasina shanduko, inonamira inonamirwa inogadzirwa nemugadziri wemwenje wemusoro kana mota).

Paunenge uchigadzira zvimiti zve xenon headlights iwe pachako, iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvinotevera paramita:

• Ndeapi malenzi akaiswa - bilenses kana akajairwa mono.
• Ma bulbs anoshandiswa muchiedza chepamusoro ndeechitsiko chepasi, chepamusoro-soro, chechiratidzo chekutendeuka, magetsi anomhanya, rudzi rwechigadziko, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Ndokumbira utarise kuti kuChinese Plug-n-play lenses, iyo Chinese lens uye halogen base (rudzi H1, H4 nemamwe) haigone kuratidzwa pachinamira. zvakare, panguva yekuiswa kwavo, zvakakosha kuvanza wiring yavo, nekuti nechitarisiko chavo (kuisa) munhu anogona kuona zviri nyore zvishandiso zvakadaro, uye kupinda mudambudziko kana achitarisa nevashandi veState Road Service.
• Zviyero zveGeometric zvechinamira. Inofanira kukwana zvakakwana paimba yemwenje uye kupa ruzivo rwakakwana kana uchiitarisa.
• Headlight kugadzira (kune akawanda acho ikozvino).
• Ruzivo rwekuwedzera, senge zuva rekugadzirwa kwemwenje.

Anti-kuba yekumaka marambi emberi

Semahwindi emhepo, marambi emota anoiswawo neinonzi nhamba yeVIN, basa rekuona girazi chairo kuitira kuderedza njodzi yekubiwa kwemwenje. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kumotokari dzekunze dzinodhura dzevagadziri vepasirese vane mukurumbira, mutengo wemwenje wepamusoro wakanyanya kukwirira, uye analogues angave asiripo kana iwo ane mutengo wakakura. Iyo VIN inowanzove yakanyorwa pane headlight housing. Ruzivo rwakafanana runopinzwa muhunyanzvi zvinyorwa zvemota. Saizvozvo, kana uchitarisa kumisikidzwa kwemotokari yemupurisa wemotokari, kana iyo kukosha kwekodhi isingaenderane, vanogona kunge vaine mibvunzo kumuridzi wemotokari.

ndiyo VIN kodhi iyo ine gumi nenomwe-nhamba kodhi ine mavara nenhamba, uye inopihwa nemugadziri wemotokari kana mugadziri wemwenje pachayo. Iyi kodhi zvakare inodzokororwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka pamutumbi wemotokari - mukabhini, pane zita rezita pasi pehodhi, pasi pemhepo. Nokudaro, kana uchitenga mamwe magetsi, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza zvitubu zvechiedza pane iyo VIN code inonyatsooneka, uye ruzivo rwese pamusoro pechigadzirwa rwunozivikanwa.