Engine oiri yekumaka zvinoenderana neSAE, API, ACEA

SAE viscosity

Iyo viscosity index ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa zita. Nhasi, anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana emafuta emota akanyorwa zvinoenderana neSAE J90 (chikamu chakagadzirwa nenharaunda yeinjiniya yemotokari). Zvinoenderana nechikamu ichi, mafuta ese einjini anoedzwa uye akanyorwa maererano neiyo viscosity uye zvichienderana nekupisa kwekuchinja kune isiri-kushanda nyika.

Iyo SAE inodudza ine maviri indices: zhizha nechando. Aya ma indices anogona kushandiswa ese ari maviri akaparadzana (kunyanya zhizha kana chando mafuta ekuzora) uye pamwe chete (yese-semwaka mafuta ekuzora). Pamafuta emwaka wose, zhizha nechando indices inoparadzaniswa nehyphen. Nguva yechando inonyorwa kutanga uye ine nhamba imwe chete kana mbiri nhamba uye vara "W" mushure mehuwandu. Chikamu chezhizha chekumaka chinoratidzwa kuburikidza nehyphen ine nhamba isina tsamba yekutumira.

Maererano neSAE J300 chiyero, mazita ezhizha anogona kuva: 2, 5, 7,5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 uye 60. Kune mazita mashoma echando: 0W, 2,5W, 5W, 7,5W, 10W, 15W , 20W, 25W.

Iyo SAE viscosity kukosha yakaoma. Sezvineiwo, inoratidza akati wandei maitiro emafuta. Pakudaidzwa kwechando, zvinotora maparameter akadai se: poindi yekudira, tembiricha yekupomba kwemahara nepombi yemafuta uye tembiricha iyo crankshaft inovimbiswa kutendeuka pasina kukuvadza mitsipa uye liner. Semuenzaniso, kune mafuta e5W-40, tembiricha yekushanda shoma ndeye -35 ° C.

Iyo inonzi zhizha index muSAE yekumaka inoratidza kuti mafuta achange aine viscosity patembiricha ye100 ° C (mune injini yekushandisa mode). Semuenzaniso, kune imwechete SAE 5W-40 mafuta, kinematic viscosity inobva ku12,5 kusvika 16,3 cSt. Iyi parameter ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, sezvo inosarudza kuti firimu remafuta rinoita sei munzvimbo dzekukakavadzana. Zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira mota (kucheneswa munzvimbo dzekubatana, mitoro yekusangana, kumhanya kwekufamba kwezvikamu, kushata, nezvimwewo), iyo automaker inosarudza iyo yakakwana viscosity yeimwe injini inopisa yemukati. Iyi viscosity inoratidzwa mumirairo yekushanda yemotokari.

Vatyairi vemotokari vanokanganisa kubatanidza iyo inonzi indekisi yezhizha zvakanangana nemafuta anobvumirwa tembiricha ekushanda muzhizha. Kune hukama hwakadaro, asi hunodiwa zvakanyanya. Zvakananga, indekisi yezhizha inoratidza kukosha kumwe chete: viscosity yemafuta pa100 ° C.

Zvinorevei nhamba dziri muinjini oiri?

Kurongwa kwe API

Chechipiri chinonyanyozivikanwa dhizaini ndeye API oiri classification (American Petroleum Institute). Pano, zvakare, seti yezviratidzi inosanganisirwa mukumaka. Tinogona kutaura kuti classifier iyi inoratidza manufacturability mafuta.

Iyo decoding yakatsanangurwa nemainjiniya eAmerican Petroleum Institute iri nyore. Iyo API kupatsanurwa kunosanganisira mavara maviri makuru uye, mune dzimwe nguva, hyphenated nhamba inotsanangura nzvimbo yebhazi yeimwe mafuta. Yekutanga itsamba inoratidza nzvimbo yekushandiswa kwemafuta, zvichienderana neiyo injini simba system. Tsamba "S" inoratidza kuti mafuta anoitirwa peturu injini. Tsamba "C" inoratidza kubatanidzwa kwedhiziri kwemafuta.

Tsamba yechipiri inotaura nezvekugadzirwa kwemafuta. Kugadzirwa kunoreva seti yakakura yehunhu, iyo ine yayo seti yezvinodiwa kune yega yega API kirasi. Uye mberi kubva pakutanga kwearufabheti iyo yechipiri tsamba mune iyo API dhizaini, iyo inowedzera tekinoroji oiri. Semuenzaniso, API giredhi SM oiri iri nani pane SL. Kune injini dzedhiziri dzine mafirita kana kuwedzera mitoro, mamwe mabhii ekumaka anogona kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, CJ-4.

Nhasi, kumotokari dzinotakura vanhu, makirasi eSN neCF maererano neAPI akafambira mberi.

ACEA classification

Sangano reEuropean Automobile Manufacturers Association rakaunza yaro sisitimu yekuongorora kushanda kwemafuta emota mune dzimwe injini. Ichi chikamu chine mavara echiLatin alphabet uye nhamba. Pane mavara mana mune iyi nzira:

• A - peturu injini.
• B - mota dzedhiziri dzinotakura dzisina mafirita.
• C - mota dzine injini yedhiziri yakashongedzerwa ine particulate sefa.
• E - mota dzekutengesa dzine injini dzedhiziri dzakaremerwa.

Nhamba mushure metsamba inoratidza kusagadzirwa kwemafuta. Nhasi, mafuta emota mazhinji emotokari dzeveruzhinji anowanikwa pasi rose uye akanyorwa seA3 / B3 kana A3 / B4 neACEA.

Zvimwe Zvinokosha

Zvimiro uye chiyero chemafuta einjini zvinokanganiswawo neanotevera maitiro.

1. Viscosity index. Inoratidza kuti mafuta anochinja sei viscosity sezvo tembiricha inokwira kana kudonha. Iyo yakakwira iyo viscosity index, iyo shoma inotsamira iyo lubricant iri pane tembiricha shanduko. Nhasi, nhamba iyi inotangira kubva ku150 kusvika ku230 units. Mafuta ane high viscosity index anonyatsokodzera mamiriro ekunze ane musiyano mukuru pakati pehupamhi uye hushoma tembiricha.
2. Kutonhora kwechando. Nzvimbo iyo mafuta anorasikirwa nemvura. Nhasi, zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinogona kuramba zviri mvura patembiricha yakadzika se -50°C.
3. Flash point. Iyo yakakwirira chiratidzo ichi, zviri nani kuti mafuta arambe kutsva mumasilinda uye oxidation. Kumafuta emazuva ano, iyo flash point inosvika pakati pe220 ne240 madhigirii.

4. sulfate ash. Inoratidza kuti idota rakasimba rinosara sei mumasilinda mushure mekunge oiri yatsva. Inoverengwa sechikamu chehuwandu hwemafuta emafuta. Iye zvino nhamba iyi inobva ku0,5 kusvika ku3%.
5. Alkaline nhamba. Inosarudza kukwanisa kwemafuta kuchenesa injini kubva kune sludge deposits uye kuramba kuumbwa kwavo. Iyo yakakwirira nhamba yehwaro, zviri nani kurwisa mafuta soot uye sludge deposits. Iyi parameter inogona kunge iri pakati pe5 kusvika 12 mgKOH/g.

Kune akati wandei mamwe maitiro einjini oiri. Nekudaro, iwo kazhinji haana kuratidzwa pamagaba kunyangwe aine tsananguro yeakadzama maitiro pane iyo label uye haana hukuru hukuru pakuita zvimiro zvelubricant.

Ungasarudza sei mafuta enjini? Chii chinonzi ACEA.