Formula 1 mota - zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvavo

Mota dzeFormula 1 ndiyo inofananidzira yezvino kufambira mberi muindasitiri yemotokari. Kuona mijaho kunopa mwero wakakodzera wekunakidzwa mukati mawo, asi vateveri vechokwadi vanoziva kuti zvinhu zvakanyanya kukosha zvinoitika kubva panjanji. Innovation, kuyedza, engineering kutamburira kuita mota kunyange 1 km/h nekukurumidza.

Zvese izvi zvinoreva kuti mujaho chikamu chidiki cheizvo Formula 1 chii.

Uye newe? Wakambozvibvunza here kuti mota yeFormula 1 inovakwa sei? Ndeapi maitiro ayo uye nei ichiwana kumhanya kwakakura kudaro? Kana zvakadaro, saka iwe wauya kunzvimbo chaiyo.

Iwe uchadzidza nezve zvese kubva kuchinyorwa.

Formula 1 mota - zvakakosha zvimiro zvinhu

Formula 1 inovakwa zvakatenderedza zvishoma zvakakosha zvinhu. Ngatikurukurei mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakasiyana.

Monocoque uye chassis

Vagadziri vemotokari vanokodzera zvinhu zvese kuchikamu chayo chikuru - chasi, iyo yepakati chinhu inonzi inonzi monocoque Kana mota yeFormula 1 yaive nemoyo, ingadai iri pano.

Iyo monocoque inorema inenge 35 kg uye inoita rimwe remabasa anokosha - kuchengetedza hutano uye hupenyu hwomutyairi. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vanoedza neparinogona napo kutsungirira kunyangwe kukonana kwakanyanya.

Zvakare munzvimbo ino yemota pane tangi yemafuta uye bhatiri.

Zvisinei, iyo monocoque iri pamwoyo wemotokari nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero. Ikoko ndiko kuti vagadziri vanounganidza zvinhu zvikuru zvemotokari, zvakadai se:

• drive unit,
• gearboxes,
• nzvimbo dzekugaya dzakajairwa,
• kumiswa pamberi).

Zvino ngatiendei kumibvunzo mikuru: chii chinonzi monocoque? Chinoshanda sei?

Nheyo ndeye aluminium furemu, i.e. mambure, ane chimiro chakasiyana zvishoma kubva pamuzinga. Vagadziri vanobva vapfekedza furemu iyi nezvikamu makumi matanhatu zvekabhoni fiber inoshanduka.

Uku kunongova kutanga kwebasa, nokuti ipapo monocoque inopinda kuburikidza nelamination (600 nguva!), Mhepo yekusveta muvhavha (nguva makumi matatu) uye kuporesa kwekupedzisira muchoto chakakosha - autoclave (ka30).

Mukuwedzera, vagadziri vanoteerera zvakanyanya kune lateral crumple zones. Munzvimbo idzi, Formula 1 mota inonyanya kunetseka nekubonderana uye tsaona dzakasiyana, uye nekudaro inoda kumwe kuchengetedzwa. Ichiri pa monocoque level uye inoratidzira imwe 6mm layer ye carbon fiber nenylon.

Chinhu chechipiri chinogonawo kuwanikwa muzvombo zvemuviri. Iine kinetic simba rinotora zvinhu, saka zvakare yakakura kune Formula 1. Inowanikwawo kune imwe nzvimbo mumotokari (somuenzaniso, mumusoro wepamusoro unodzivirira musoro wemutyairi).

dashboard

Mufananidzo naDavid Prezius / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0

Sezvo monocoque iri pakati pemotokari yose, cockpit ndiyo pakati pe monocoque. Ehe, iyi zvakare inzvimbo kubva kunotyaira mota mutyairi. Saka, pane zvinhu zvitatu mu cockpit:

• armchair,
• chidhiraivho,
• pedals.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chechinhu ichi kusimba. Pamusoro, iyo cab yakakura 52 cm - inongokwana kukwana pasi pemaoko emutyairi. Zvisinei, iyo yakaderera, iyo yakatetepa. Pakureba kwegumbo, cockpit inongova 32 cm yakafara.

Nei chirongwa chakadaro?

Nezvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha. Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo yakamanikana cab inopa mutyairi kuchengetedzeka kwakawanda uye dziviriro kubva pakuremerwa. Chechipiri, inoita kuti mota iwedzere aerodynamic uye inogovera uremu zviri nani.

Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuwedzera kuti F1 mota inenge yakangoita kutungamira. Mutyairi anogara panzvimbo yakatsetseka netsoka dzakakwirira kudarika chiuno.

Yevhiri vhiri

Kana iwe uchinzwa kuti vhiri reFormula 1 harina kunyanya kusiyana nevhiri remota yakajairika, uri kukanganisa. Haisi chete nezve fomu, asiwo nezve mabhatani ebasa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha.

Chekutanga pane zvese, vagadziri vanogadzira vhiri rimwe nerimwe kune mumwe mutyairi. Vanotora chigadziko chemaoko ake akasunga, uye ipapo pachikonzero ichi uye vachifunga mazano emutyairi werally, vanogadzirira chigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

Muchitarisiko, vhiri remotokari rakafanana neshanduro yakapfava yedeshibhodhi rendege. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ine mabhatani mazhinji uye mapfundo ayo mutyairi anoshandisa kudzora akasiyana mabasa emota. Mukuwedzera, muchikamu chayo chepakati pane kuratidzwa kwe LED, uye pamativi kune zvibato, izvo, zvechokwadi, hazvigone kushayikwa.

Sezvineiwo, kumashure kwechidhiraivho kunoshanda zvakare. Kazhinji, clutch uye paddle shifters anoiswa pano, asi vamwe vatyairi vanoshandisawo nzvimbo iyi kune mamwe mabhatani ebasa.

halo

Ichi chigadzirwa chitsva muFormula 1 sezvayakangoonekwa muna 2018. Chii? Iyo Halo system ine basa rekuchengetedza musoro wemutyairi mutsaona. Inorema inenge 7 kg uye ine zvikamu zviviri:

• titanium furemu inotenderedza musoro wemutasvi;
• imwezve tsanangudzo inotsigira chimiro chese.

Nepo tsananguro yacho isinganakidze, Halo inovimbika zvakanyanya. Inogona kumira kumanikidzwa kusvika ku12 tons. Kuenzanisira, iyi inorema imwe chete nehafu yebhazi (zvichienderana nerudzi).

Formula 1 Mota - Driving Elements

Iwe unotoziva zvivakwa zvekuvaka zvemota. Iye zvino yave nguva yekuongorora musoro wezvinhu zvinoshanda, zvinoti:

• pendants,
• matai
• mabhureki.

Ngatikurukurei mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakasiyana.

Kumiswa

Mufananidzo naMorio / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0

Mumota yeFormula 1, zvinodikanwa zvekumisikidzwa zvakati siyanei pane izvo zvemotokari mumigwagwa yakajairika. Chokutanga pane zvose, haina kugadzirirwa kupa kunyaradza kwekutyaira. Pane kudaro, inofanirwa kuita:

• mota yaifambwa
• basa remavhiri rakanga rakakodzera,
• aerodynamics yaive padanho repamusoro (tichataura nezve aerodynamics gare gare muchinyorwa).

Mukuwedzera, kusimba chinhu chakakosha cheF1 kumiswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti panguva yekufamba vanosangana nemasimba makuru avanoda kukunda.

Kune marudzi matatu makuru ezve suspension components:

• zvemukati (kusanganisira zvitubu, zvinotyisa zvinotora, stabilizers);
• zvekunze (kusanganisira ekisero, mabhengi, zvinotsigira mavhiri);
• aerodynamic (rocker maoko uye giya rekutungamirira) - zvakasiyana zvishoma kubva kune zvakapfuura, nokuti kuwedzera kune mechanical function vanogadzira kudzvinyirira.

Chaizvoizvo, zvinhu zviviri zvinoshandiswa kugadzira iyo kuturika: simbi yemukati mezvikamu uye kabhoni fiber kune ekunze zvikamu. Nenzira iyi, vagadziri vanowedzera kusimba kwezvose.

Kumiswa muF1 inyaya inonetsa, nekuti nekuda kwenjodzi huru yekutyoka, inofanirwa kusangana neFIA miitiro yakasimba. Nekudaro, isu hatisi kuzogara pazviri zvakadzama pano.

Matairi

Tauya kune rimwe rematambudziko akareruka muFormula 1 mujaho - matai. Iyi inyaya yakafaranuka, kunyangwe tikangotarisa pazvinhu zvakakosha.

Tora, semuenzaniso, mwaka wa2020. Varongi vaive nemhando 5 dzematayi akaoma uye 2 enzira dzakanyorova. Chii chakasiyana? Zvakanaka, matai akaoma haana kutsika (rimwe zita ravo ndere slicks). Zvichienderana nemusanganiswa, mugadziri anozvinyora nezviratidzo kubva kuC1 (yakaoma) kusvika kuC5 (yakapfava).

Gare gare, mutengesi wematoyi wepamutemo Pirelli achasarudza marudzi mashanu kubva mudziva riripo remakomponi matatu, anozove aripo kuzvikwata panguva yemujaho. Zvimaka nemavara anotevera:

• tsvuku (nyoro),
• yero (pakati),
• chena (yakaoma).

Zvinozivikanwa kubva mufizikisi kuti musanganiswa wakapfava, ndiko kunamira kuri nani. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakuisa makona sezvo zvichiita kuti mutyairi afambe nekukurumidza. Kune rumwe rutivi, kubatsira kwevhiri rakasimba kusimba, izvo zvinoreva kuti motokari haifaniri kudzika mubhokisi nekukurumidza.

Kana zvasvika pamatairi akanyorova, mhando mbiri dzematairi dziripo dzinosiyana zvakanyanya mukudonha kwemvura. Vane mavara:

• girini (nemvura yakachena) - kushandiswa kusvika ku30 l / s pa300 km / h;
• bhuruu (kumvura inonaya) - kushandiswa kusvika ku65 l / s pa 300 km / h.

Panewo zvimwe zvinodiwa pakushandisa matai. Kana, semuenzaniso, mutyairi achienda kumutambo wechitatu wekukodzera (Q3), anofanira kutanga pamatayi nenguva yakanaka mumutambo wapfuura (Q2). Chimwe chinodikanwa ndechekuti timu yega yega inofanirwa kushandisa anokwana maviri macommunication matayi pamujaho.

Nekudaro, aya mamiriro anongoshanda kune yakaoma track matai. Haashande kana kuchinaya.

Mabhureki

Pakumhanyisa kumhanya, mabhureki masisitimu ane huwandu hwakakodzera hwesimba anodiwa zvakare. Yakakura sei? Zvekuti kudzvanya brake pedal kunokonzeresa kuwandisa kusvika ku5G.

Mukuwedzera, motokari dzinoshandisa carbon brake discs, inova imwe mutsauko kubva kumotokari dzechinyakare. Madhisiki akagadzirwa nechinhu ichi haana kusimba zvakanyanya (akakwana anenge 800 km), asiwo akareruka (kurema anenge 1,2 kg).

Yavo yekuwedzera, asi isinganyanyi kukosha ndeye 1400 maburi emhepo, ayo anodiwa nekuti anobvisa kupisa kwakanyanya. Kana mabhureki nemavhiri, anogona kusvika kusvika 1000 ° C.

Formula 1 - injini uye maitiro ayo

Yave nguva yeinonyanya kufarirwa nengwe, injini yeFormula 1. Ngationei kuti inoumbwa nei uye kuti inoshanda sei.

Zvakanaka, kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino, mota dzave dzichifambiswa ne6-litre V1,6 hybrid turbocharged injini. Iwo anosanganisira akati wandei makuru:

• injini yemoto yemukati,
• maviri emagetsi mota (MGU-K uye MGU-X),
• turbocharger,
• bhatiri.

Formula 1 ine mabhiza mangani?

Kutamiswa kudiki, asi usanyengerwa nazvo. Iyo drive inowana simba rinosvika 1000 hp. Iyo turbocharged combustion injini inogadzira 700 hp, ine imwezve 300 hp. inogadzirwa nemagetsi maviri masisitimu.

Zvose izvi zviri kuseri kwe monocoque uye, kuwedzera kune basa rakajeka rekutyaira, zvakare chikamu chinovaka. Mupfungwa yekuti makanika anonamira yekumashure kuturika, mavhiri uye gearbox kune injini.

Chinhu chekupedzisira chakakosha icho chikamu chemagetsi chaisakwanisa kuita kunze kwema radiator. Kune vatatu vavo mumotokari: maviri makuru kumativi uye imwe diki imwe pakarepo mushure memutyairi.

Kupisa

Nepo saizi yeinjini yeFormula 1 isingaite, kushandiswa kwemafuta ndeimwe nyaya zvachose. Motokari dzinopisa anenge 40 l/100 km mazuva ano. Kune vanhuwo zvavo, nhamba iyi inoita seyakakura, asi kana ichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yenhoroondo, ine mwero. Yekutanga Formula 1 mota dzakapedza kunyange 190 l / 100 km!

Kudzikira kweiyi mhedzisiro inonyadzisa chikamu nekuda kwekuvandudza tekinoroji, uye pamwe nekuda kwekugumira.

Mitemo yeFIA inoti mota yeF1 inogona kushandisa mafuta anosvika 145 litres munhangemutange imwe chete. Chimwe chishuwo chekuda kuziva ndechekuti kubva muna 2020, mota imwe neimwe ichave nemamita maviri ekuyerera anotarisisa huwandu hwemafuta.

Ferrari akapawo chikamu. Zvinonzi Formula 1 yechikwata ichi yakashandisa grey nzvimbo nekudaro ikanzvenga zvirambidzo.

Pakupedzisira, tichataura tangi yemafuta, nokuti yakasiyana neyakajairwa. Chii? Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinyorwa. Mugadziri anoita tangi sekunge arikuitira indasitiri yemauto. Ichi chimwe chinhu chekuchengetedza sezvo kudonha kuri kushomeka.

Kuendesa

Mufananidzo naDavid Prezius / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0

Musoro wekutyaira wakanyatsoenderana negearbox. Tekinoroji yayo yakachinja panguva imwechete iyo F1 yakatanga kushandisa injini dzehybrid.

Chii chakajairika kwaari?

Iyi i8-kumhanya, semi-otomatiki uye inotevedzana. Pamusoro pezvo, ine mwero wepamusoro webudiriro munyika. Mutyairi anochinja magiya mumamilliseconds! Kuenzanisa, kuvhiyiwa kwakafanana kunotora anenge masekondi mashoma kune vanomhanyisa varidzi vemotokari.

Kana iwe uri munyaya, saka iwe wakambonzwa chirevo chokuti hakuna reverse gear mumotokari. Ichi ichokwadi here?

Kwete.

Imwe neimwe F1 drive ine reverse giya. Uyezve, kuvapo kwake kunodiwa maererano nemitemo yeFIA.

Formula 1 - g-masimba uye aerodynamics

Takatotaura nezve mabhureki akawandisa, asi isu tichadzoka kwavari sezvo musoro weaerodynamics uchikura.

Mubvunzo mukuru, uyo kubva pakutanga uchajekesa mamiriro acho zvishoma, ndiyo nheyo yekuungana kwemotokari. Zvakanaka, chimiro chese chinoshanda sebapiro rendege rakapidiguka. Mupfungwa yekuti pane kusimudza mota, zvese zvivakwa zvekuvaka zvinogadzira downforce. Mukuwedzera, ivo, zvechokwadi, vanoderedza kushorwa kwemhepo panguva yekufamba.

Downforce iparameter yakakosha mujaho nekuti inopa iyo inonzi aerodynamic traction, iyo inoita kuti kona kuve nyore. Iyo yakakura, mutyairi achakurumidza kudarika.

Uye iyo aerodynamic thrust inowedzera riini? Kana kumhanya kunowedzera.

Mukuita, kana iwe uchityaira pane gasi, zvichave nyore kwauri kuti uende kukona pane kana iwe waive wakangwarira uye throttle. Zvinoita sezvinopesana, asi kazhinji ndizvo. Pakumhanya kwakanyanya, iyo downforce inosvika 2,5 tons, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekutsvedza uye zvimwe zvinoshamisa kana uchikona.

Kune rumwe rutivi, iyo aerodynamics yemotokari ine yakaderera - ega ega zvinhu zvinogadzira kushorwa, izvo zvinononoka (kunyanya pane dzakatwasuka zvikamu zve track).

Key aerodynamic dhizaini zvinhu

Nepo vagadziri vachishanda nesimba kuti mota yeF1 yese ienderane neaerodynamics, zvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira zviripo chete kugadzira kuderera. Ndezve:

• bapiro remberi - ndiyo yekutanga kusangana nemhepo inoyerera, saka chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Iyo pfungwa yese inotanga naye, nekuti anoronga uye anogovera kupikiswa kwese pakati pemamwe muchina;
• zvinhu zveparutivi - vanoita basa rakaoma kwazvo, nekuti vanounganidza uye kuronga mhepo ine bongozozo kubva kumavhiri epamberi. Vanobva vaatumira kunotonhorerwa kunopinza nekuseri kwemota;
• Rear Bapiro - Inounganidza majeti emhepo kubva kuzvinhu zvekare uye anoashandisa kugadzira yakadzika pasi pane yekumashure axle. Mukuwedzera (kutenda kune DRS system) inoderedza kudhonza pazvikamu zvakananga;
• pasi uye diffuser - yakagadzirwa nenzira yakadai sekugadzira kudzvinyirira nerubatsiro rwemhepo inoyerera pasi pemotokari.

Kuvandudzwa kwekufunga kwehunyanzvi uye kuwandisa

Kuwedzera kunatsiridza aerodynamics kwete kungowedzera kuita kwemotokari, asiwo kushushikana kwemutyairi. Iwe haufanirwe kuve nyanzvi yefizikisi kuti uzive kuti nekukurumidza kunoita mota kuita kona, ndiko kukura kwesimba rinoshanda pairi.

Ndizvo zvakafanana nemunhu akagara mumota.

Pamakwara ane mabhenji akanyanya, maG-force anosvika 6G. Zvakawanda? Fungidzira kana mumwe munhu akatsikirira pamusoro wako nesimba re50 kg, uye mitsipa yemutsipa wako inofanira kutarisana neizvi. Izvi ndizvo zvinotarisana nevamhanyi.

Sezvauri kuona, kuwandisa hakugone kutorwa zvishoma.

Kuchinja kuri kuuya?

Pane zviratidzo zvakawanda zvekuti shanduko mumotokari aerodynamics ichaitika mumakore anotevera. Kubva 2022, tekinoroji nyowani ichaonekwa paF1 tracks uchishandisa mhedzisiro yekuyamwa panzvimbo yekumanikidza. Kana izvo zvikashanda, iyo yakagadziridzwa aerodynamic dhizaini haichadiwi uye chitarisiko chemotokari chinozochinja zvakanyanya.

Asi zvichadaro chaizvoizvo here? Nguva icharatidza.

Formula 1 inorema zvakadii?

Iwe unotoziva zvese zvakakosha zvikamu zvemota uye iwe ungangoda kuziva kuti yakawanda sei inorema pamwechete. Zvinoenderana nemirairo yazvino, huremu hwemotokari hushoma hunobvumidzwa ndeye 752 kg (kusanganisira mutyairi).

Formula 1 - data yehunyanzvi, i.e. pfupiso

Pane imwe nzira iri nani yekupfupisa chinyorwa chemota yeF1 pane kusarudzwa kweiyo yakakosha data data? Pakupedzisira, vanojekesa izvo muchina wacho unokwanisa kuita.

Hezvino zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve F1 mota:

• injini - turbocharged V6 hybrid;
• simba - 1,6 l;
• injini simba - approx. 1000 hp;
• kukurumidza kusvika ku100 km / h - inenge 1,7 s;
• kukurumidza kumhanya - zvinoenderana.

Nei “zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu”?

Nokuti munyaya yeparameter yekupedzisira, tine zvigumisiro zviviri, izvo zvakawanikwa neFormula 1. Iyo yakanyanya kukurumidza mukutanga yaiva 378 km / h. Iyi rekodhi yakagadzirwa muna 2016 pamutsara wakarurama naValtteri Bottas.

Zvakadaro, paivewo neimwe bvunzo apo mota yaityairwa navan der Merwe yakatyora chivharo chemakiromita 400. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti rekodhi haina kuzivikanwa nekuti haina kuwanikwa mukupisa kuviri (mumhepo nemhepo).

Isu tinopfupikisa chinyorwa pamutengo wemotokari, nekuti iyi zvakare inonakidza kuda kuziva. Chishamiso cheindasitiri yemazuva ano yemotokari (maererano nezvikamu zvega) zvinodhura zvinodarika madhora gumi nematatu. Nekudaro, ramba uchifunga kuti uyu ndiwo mutengo usingasanganisire mutengo wekugadzira tekinoroji, uye hutsva hwakanyanya kukosha.

Mari inoshandiswa pakutsvaga inosvika mabhiriyoni akawanda emadhora.

Ziva Formula 1 mota uri wega

Unoda kuona kuti zvakamira sei kugara pavhiri remota wonzwa simba rayo? Iye zvino unogona kuzviita!

Tarisa uone chipo chedu chinokutendera kuti uve mutyairi weF1:

https://go-racing.pl/jazda/361-zostan-kierowca-formuly-f1-szwecja.html