Machina eS-300VM system
Mota dzeS-300VM complex, kuruboshwe kune 9A83M launcher uye 9A84M pfuti-loader.
Pakati pemakore ekuma50, mauto epasi enyika dzakabudirira zvikuru dzepasi akatanga kugamuchira zvombo zvitsva - mabhoti e-ballistic ane huwandu hwehuwandu kusvika kumakiromita anopfuura 200. Kururama kwadzo kusvika pari zvino kwave kwakaderera, uye izvi zvinodzikiswa negoho guru rezvombo zvenyukireya zvadzinotakura. Panenge panguva imwe chete, kutsvaka nzira dzokubata nadzo nezvombo zvakadaro kwakatanga. Panguva iyoyo, anti-ndege missile dziviriro yakanga ichangotora matanho ayo ekutanga, uye varongi vemauto nevagadziri vezvombo vaive netarisiro yakanyanyisa pamusoro pekugona kwayo. Zvaitendwa kuti "zvombo zvinokandwa zvinokatyamadza" uye "zvishoma zvakanyanyisa radar assets" zvaive zvakakwana kurwisa zvinokandwa. Zvakakurumidza kuve pachena kuti "diki" iyi yaireva mukuita kudiwa kwekugadzira zvimiro zvitsva uye zvakanyanya kuomarara, uye kunyangwe matekinoroji ekugadzira ayo panguva iyoyo sainzi neindasitiri vaisagona kurarama nazvo. Sezvineiwo, kufambira mberi kwakawanda kwakaitwa nekufamba kwenguva mumunda wekurwisa mapfumo ane hunyanzvi, sezvo nguva kubva pakutorwa kwechinangwa kusvika pakubata yaive yakareba, uye kumisikidzwa kwekurwisa-missile kwaisava pasi pezvirambidzo zvehukuru nehukuru.
Pasinei neizvi, kudiwa kwekupikisa zviduku zvekushanda uye tactical ballistic missile, iyo panguva ino yakatanga kusvika madaro ekurongeka kwe1000 km, yakawedzera nekukurumidzira. Rwendo rwekuenzanisa uye bvunzo dzemumunda dzakaitwa muUSSR, izvo zvakaratidza kuti zvaigoneka kubata zvibodzwa zvakadaro uchishandisa S-75 Dvina uye 3K8 / 2K11 Krug mapfumo, asi kuti uwane zvinogutsa kushanda, zvombo zvinokandwa zvine kukurumidza kubhururuka. yaifanira kuvakwa.. Zvisinei, dambudziko guru rakazove risingakwanisi kuita radar, iyo iyo ballistic missile yakanga iri duku uye yakakurumidza. Mhedziso yakanga iri pachena - kurwisana nemissile ye-ballistic, zvakakosha kuumba itsva anti-missile system.
Kurodha 9Ya238 chekufambisa uye kuvhura mudziyo une 9M82 missile pa9A84 trolley.
Kusikwa kweC-300W
Sechikamu chechirongwa chekutsvagisa cheShar, chakaitwa muna 1958-1959, mikana yekupa dziviriro yekurwisa-missile yemauto epasi yakatariswa. Zvaionekwa sezvakanaka kugadzira marudzi maviri e-anti-missile - ane huwandu hwe50 km uye 150 km. Iyo yekutanga ichashandiswa zvakanyanya kurwisa ndege uye mapfumo ane hungwaru, nepo ekupedzisira achizoshandiswa kuparadza zvekushandisa-tactical makomba uye mabhomba anomhanyisa-kusvika-pasi anotungamirwa. Iyo sisitimu yaidiwa: yakawanda-channel, kugona kuona uye kuteedzera zvinangwa saizi yemusoro weroketi, kufamba kwepamusoro uye nguva yekuita 10-15 s.
Muna 1965, chimwe chirongwa chekutsvagisa chakatangwa, codenamed Prizma. Zvinodiwa zvemakomba matsva zvakajekeswa: imwe hombe, inotungamirwa neyakasanganiswa (command-semi-active) nzira, ine huremu hwekusimuka hwematani 5-7, yaifanirwa kurwisa mabhomba anokandwa, uye chombo chinotungamirwa nemirairo. nehuremu hwekusimuka hwematani matatu hwaifanirwa kurwisa ndege.
Maroketi ese ari maviri, akagadzirwa paNovator Design Bureau kubva kuSverdlovsk (zvino Yekaterinburg) - 9M82 uye 9M83 - aive-matanho maviri uye aisiyana zvakanyanya muhukuru hweinjini yekutanga. Imwe mhando yewarhead inorema 150 kg uye yakananga yakashandiswa. Nekuda kwehuremu hwepamusoro hwekusimuka, sarudzo yakaitwa yekuvhura makomba akatwasuka kudzivirira kuisa inorema uye yakaoma azimuth uye ekumusoro ekutungamira masisitimu kune vanovhura. Kare, izvi ndizvo zvakanga zvakaita zvombo zvechizvarwa chekutanga zvekurwisa ndege (S-25), asi zvinopfura zvaisamira. Mishonga miviri "inorema" kana ina "yakajeka" mukutakura uye midziyo yekutakura yaifanira kuiswa pane launcher, iyo yaida kushandiswa kwemotokari dzakatariswa "Object 830" ine simba rekutakura rinopfuura matani 20. Dzakavakwa panzvimbo Kirov Plant muLeningrad ine zvinhu zveT -80, asi ine injini yedhiziri A-24-1 ine simba re 555 kW / 755 hp. (yakasiyana yeinjini yeV-46-6 inoshandiswa pamatangi eT-72).
Kupfura kweroketi diki kwave kuitika kubva mukupera kwema70s, uye kubatwa kwekutanga kwechinangwa cheaerodynamic chakaitika panzvimbo yekuyedza Emba muna Kubvumbi 1980. Kugamuchirwa kwe9K81 anti-aircraft missile system (Russian: Compliex) muchimiro chakareruka C-300W1, chete ne 9A83 launchers ine "maduku" 9M83 missile yakagadzirwa muna 1983. C-300W1 yakagadzirirwa kurwisana nendege nemotokari dzisina munhu. pamakiromita anosvika makumi manomwe uye kureba kwendege kubva pamakumi maviri nemashanu kusvika pamakumi maviri neshanu 70 m. Yaigonawo kubata zvombo zvinokandwa zvinokandwa zvinokandwa zvinokandwa zvinokandwa zvinosvika 25 km (mukana wekurova chinangwa chakadaro nechombo chimwe chete chaive chinodarika 25%). . Kuwedzera kwehuremu hwemoto kwakawanikwa nekugadzira mukana wekupfura mabhomba zvakare kubva mumidziyo inotakurwa pamotokari dzinotakura 000A100 pane dzakafanana dzinotakurwa dzinotakura, dzinodaidzwa kunzi launcher-loaders (PZU, Starter-Loader Zalka). Kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zveS-40W system yaive yakakosha zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso, muma9s anopfuura mazana matanhatu emakomba aiunzwa pagore.
Mushure mekugashirwa kwezvombo zve9M82 uye 9A82 uye PZU 9A84 muna 1988, chinangwa chechikwata 9K81 (Russian system) chakaumbwa. Iyo yaisanganisira: bhatiri rekudzora rine 9S457 command post, 9S15 Obzor-3 radar yakapoteredza uye 9S19 Ryzhiy sectoral surveillance radar, uye mabhatiri mana ekupfura, ayo 9S32 chinangwa chekutevera radar chaigona kuwanikwa chinhambwe chinodarika gumi. km kubva kuchikwata. command post. Bhatiri rega rega raive neanosvika matanhatu ekuvhura uye matanhatu maROM (kazhinji mana 10A9 uye maviri 83A9 aine nhamba inoenderana ye82A9 uye 85A9 ROMs). Uye zvakare, boka racho raisanganisira bhatiri rehunyanzvi nemhando nhanhatu dzemotokari dzebasa uye 84T9 yekutakura roketi mota. Chikwata ichi chaive nemotokari dzinosvika makumi mashanu neshanu dzakateverwa nemarori anopfuura makumi maviri, asi chaigona kupfura zvombo zvinokandwa zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nechidimbu chenguva - chaigona kupfura panguva imwe chete pazvibodzwa makumi maviri neina (rimwe pamudziyo), chimwe nechimwe chazvo chaigona kutungamirwa nezvinokandwa zviviri zvine pfuti. kupindirana kwe85 .55 kusvika kumasekonzi 20. Nhamba yezvinangwa zveballistic panguva imwe chete yakabatwa yakaderedzwa nekukwanisa kwechiteshi che192S24 uye yakasvika kusvika ku1,5, asi nemamiriro ekuti hafu yavo yakabatwa ne 2M9 missile inokwanisa kuparadza zvombo. kureba kusvika 19 km. Kana zvichidikanwa, bhatiri rega rega rinogona kuita rakazvimiririra, pasina kutaurirana nebhatiri rekudzora mauto, kana kugashira dhata rakananga kubva kune yepamusoro-level control system. Kunyangwe kubviswa kweiyo 16S9 bhatiri poindi kubva kuhondo hakuna kuremedza bhatiri, nekuti pakanga paine ruzivo rwakakwana nezvezvinangwa kubva kune chero radar yekuvhura makomba. Muchiitiko chekushandiswa kwekupindira kwakasimba kwekushanda, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwe83S300 radar ine radars yechikwata, iyo yakapa iyo chaiyo chaiyo kune zvinangwa, ichisiya chete bhatiri chiyero chekuona azimuth uye kukwirira kwechinangwa. .
Zvikwata zvisingasviki zviviri uye zvinokwana zvina zvakaumba boka rekudzivirira mhepo remauto epasi. Yayo yekuraira post yaisanganisira iyo 9S52 Polyana-D4 otomatiki control system, iyo yekuraira positi yeboka radar, nzvimbo yekutaurirana uye bhatiri renhovo. Kushandiswa kwePolyana-D4 complex yakawedzera kushanda kwebrigade ne25% kana ichienzaniswa nebasa rakasununguka rezvikwata zvayo. Chimiro chebrigade chaive chakanyanyisa, asi chaigonawo kudzivirira mberi 600 km yakafara uye 600 km yakadzika, i.e. nharaunda yakakura kupfuura nharaunda yePoland yose!
Maererano nekufungidzira kwekutanga, iyi yaifanirwa kuva sangano repamusoro-soro brigades, kureva, dunhu rehondo, uye munguva yehondo - mberi, kureva, boka rehondo. Ipapo mauto brigades aifanira kugadzirwa zvakare (zvinogoneka kuti mauto epamberi aifanira kuve nemapoka mana, uye mauto evatatu). Nekudaro, manzwi akanzwika kuti kutyisidzira kukuru kune mauto epasi acharamba ari ndege uye makomba ekufamba kwenguva yakareba iri kuuya, uye makomba eS-300V anongodhura zvakanyanya kubata nawo. Zvakataurwa kuti zvingava nani kushongedza mauto mabrigades neBuk complexes, kunyanya sezvo vaine hukuru hwemazuva ano. Paivawo nemanzwi ekuti, sezvo S-300W inoshandisa marudzi maviri ezvombo, imwe nyanzvi yekudzivirira missile inogona kugadzirwa kuBuk. Nekudaro, mukuita, mhinduro iyi yakangoitwa mugumi rechipiri rezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
