Mafuta einjini dzakasiyana

Injini yemafuta inosarudzwa nemugadziri wemotokari ine chiratidzo cheiyo viscosity renji uye kirasi yemhando yemafuta. Aya ndiwo nhungamiro yekutanga inoshanda kune mushandisi.

Parizvino, mafuta emota evagadziri vakuru vese ari kutengeswa. Varidzi vemotokari vane zvakawanda zvekusarudza kubva, uye mishandirapamwe yekushambadzira inoenderera inoburitsa pachena.

Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti kusarudzwa kwemafuta ejini kunogadzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari, zvichiratidza huwandu hweviscosity uye kirasi yemhando yemafuta. Aya ndiwo nhungamiro yekutanga inoshanda kune mushandisi.

Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzirwa kwemafuta emazuva ano emota inosanganisirwa mukuunzwa kwekupfumisa zvekuwedzera zvine mabasa akasiyana mumafuta epasi. Icho chikamu chechikamu chemafuta emota chinogona kuwanikwa nekunatsa mafuta asina kuchena - ipapo mafuta anonzi mineral oil, kana anogona kuwanikwa sechigadzirwa chemakemikari synthesis - ipapo oiri inodaidzwa. "synthetics".

Mafuta emotokari, kunyange zvazvo achizora injini, ane zvinyorwa zvakasiyana uye zvimiro, uye zvikamu zvakagadziridzwa kuti zvienzanise. Iyo SAE viscosity classification inozivikanwa kwazvo, ichisiyanisa pakati pemagiredhi matanhatu emafuta ezhizha (akaiswa 6, 20, 30, 40-50) nemafuta echando (akanyorwa 60W, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W). Nekudaro, zvisinganyanyi kukosha ndezviyero zvemhando - iyo European ACEA neAmerican API. Iyo yekupedzisira muboka reinjini ine spark ignition (peturu) inosiyanisa makirasi, anoratidzwa nemavara ealfabheti - kubva kuSA kuenda kuSJ. Nekumanikidza kupisa (dhiziri) injini, makirasi CA kusvika kuCF anoshandiswa. Pamusoro peizvi, pane zvinodiwa zvakagadzirwa nevagadziri veinjini seMercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, MAN.

Mafuta anoita mabasa akati wandei mumajini ekupisa mukati. Viscosity ine basa rekuzora dhiraivha unit, kuvharisa uye kunyorovesa vibrations, kuchengetedza utsanana - detergent uye dispersant zvivakwa, yekudzivirira-corrosion kudzivirira - acid-base nhamba, uye yekutonhodza injini - thermal properties. Panguva yekushanda kwemafuta, maparameter ayo anoshanduka. Zviri mukati memvura uye kusvibiswa kunowedzera, nhamba yealkaline, lubricating uye kugeza zvinhu zvinoderera, nepo parameter yakakosha, viscosity, inogona kuwedzera kana kuderera.

Injini yemafuta inogona kusarudzwa zviri nyore kana zvinotevera zvinotariswa. Gara uchitevera mirairo iri mubhuku remuridzi wemotokari yako kana mazano ebasa. Iwe haufanirwe kushandura oiri, nekukanganisa kutyora zvese zvibvumirano zveviscosity uye zvemhando makirasi, uchifunga chete mutengo. Usambofa wakatsiva mineral oil ne semi-synthetic kana synthetic mafuta. Pamusoro pemutengo wepamusoro, mafuta ekugadzira-akavakirwa ane zvimwe zvakawanda zvinowedzera, zvinosanganisira detergents. Nehupamhi hwepamusoro, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti madhipoziti akaunganidzwa mujini achashambidzwa, uye muridzi achatarisana nekugadzirisa kunodhura. Nharo yechipiri mukuda kushandisa mafuta "yekare" ndeyekuti maoiri emamineral anoumba firimu remafuta akakora pane zvikamu zvekukwesha zvinovhara injini, izvo zvinotungamira kuhutsi hushoma hwemafuta uye kuderedzwa kweruzha kubva mumigero mikuru. Firimu remafuta rakaonda rinobatsira mukudzika kwemagapu atove akakura anokonzerwa nekukwirira mileage.

Mamineral oiri anokwana kune ekare mavharuvhu maviri ane mileage yakakwira.

Injini dzinopisa dzemotokari dzemazuva ano dzinowana yakanyanya kusimba masimba, ayo anoperekedzwa neakakwira ekupisa uye kumhanya kwakakwira kutenderera. Parizvino, injini dzakashongedzerwa neazvino gasi ekugovera masisitimu anovakwa seakawanda-vharuvhu, akashongedzerwa masisitimu ekugadzirisa nguva yevhavha uye kuwedzera. Vanoda mafuta anozadzisa zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi. Firimu remafuta rinopararira pakati pezvikamu zvekukwesha rinofanira kunge rakakora zvakakwana kudzivirira simbi-pa-metal kukwesha, asi kwete yakanyanya kukora kuitira kuti isaite yakawandisa kuramba. Nekuti oiri haikanganisi chete kusimba, asiwo injini ruzha uye kushandiswa kwemafuta. Kune aya masimba emagetsi, anogona kukurudzirwa kuchengetedza giredhi uye mhando yemafuta inokurudzirwa nemugadziri. Aya ndiwo, sekutonga, emhando yepamusoro yemafuta ekugadzira ane mapoka ezvekuwedzera akakosha. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kunge dziine zvinokonzeresa zvisingatarisirwi, kunyanya sezvo nguva dzemvura dzakawedzerwa kusvika kumakiromita makumi matatu.

Injini imwe neimwe inoshandisa mafuta panguva yekushanda. Muzvikamu zvemazuva ano, kushandiswa kunobva 0,05 kusvika 0,3 malita pa 1000 km. Mumainjini emamaira akakwira, kupfeka kunowedzera sekupfeka mhete dzepiston uye mamwe mafuta anopfuura. Munguva yechando, kana uchityaira madaro mapfupi, kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakaderera pane muzhizha, apo injini ichiri kupisa.