Mafuta emotokari dzemitambo

Mota zhinji dzine simba reinjini yakakwira dzinoonekwa mumigwagwa yePoland. Dhizaini yeinjini dzemotokari dzemitambo inosiyaniswa nekurongeka kwebasa uye nehupamhi hwezvinhu zvinodyidzana. Mhedzisiro yacho iri kukura uye yakanyanya hunyanzvi zvinodiwa zvemafuta einjini.

Mafuta anodiwa anosiyana nekugadzirwa kweinjini. Mumainjini ekumhanya zvakanyanya, seaya anoshandiswa muFormula One mota, maoiri ane viscosity ye -1W-5 (inoti: minus 5W-10) ine yakaderera kwazvo HTHS index (yepamusoro tembiricha viscosity). Mafuta erudzi urwu anoda mapombi anonyatso shanda, injini dzakasimba mafittings, uye yakanyanya high lubrication system pressure. Nekudaro, ivo vanovimbisa yakaderera yemukati kushorwa kweinjini uye vanobatsira kuwana iyo yakanyanya kunaka simba.

Nekune rimwe divi, maoiri akanyanya eviscosity akadai se10W-60 kana kutopfuura anoita zvirinani mumagadzirirwo mazhinji. Aya marudzi emafuta haana masimba ekuchengetedza simba, asi anobvumidza iwe kubhadhara misiyano muinjini yakakodzera. Iyo yakakwira viscosity yemafuta inobvumira iyo inonzi chisimbiso chezvikamu zvejini izvo zvisingasviki pasi pekunetseka kwekupisa uye zvine looser fit, pamwe nenzvimbo iyo mutoro wakanyanya uye shanduko mukukodzera kwakakosha. Muenzaniso wechimwe chinhu chakaiswa pamitoro yakakwira kwazvo piston, iyo, kana ichidziya, inowedzera hukuru hwayo, ichiita kuti ive yakasimba kwazvo muhumburumbira liner.

Sarudzo pakati peyakaderera viscosity uye yakakwirira viscosity mafuta zvakare zvinoenderana nechinangwa cheinjini. Mafuta akaderera-viscosity anowanzo kusarudzirwa injini, iyo yakagadzirirwa chidimbu chipfupi uye chinonyanya kukosha chemutyairi isimba rayo kuitira kuderedza kushorwa kwesimba remagetsi. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinokwanisika kuwana mamwe mashoma emabhiza. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwemafuta ane yakaderera mafuta viscosity kunosanganisira yakakwira kwazvo mutengo wekugadzira wezvikamu zveinjini. Inokodzera muinjini dzakazorwa nemafuta aya dzakanyatsoita uye zvinhu zvacho zvinofanirwa kunyatsosarudzwa. Uye zvakare, yakaderera mafuta viscosity inoreva hupenyu hupfupi hweiyo yese injini chimiro. Mumitambo yakaita seFormula 1 izvi zvinogamuchirika, uye ndiyo tekinoroji iyi ndiyo iri kutungamira mumainjini emotokari anhasi.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kusarudza mafuta ane viscosity yakakwirira kwazvo kune zvakawanda zvakanakira maererano nekubhadhara kune siyana injini kumhara. Izvo zvakare zvinopesana nekuchinja kukuru mukushanda kwekushisa. Mafuta ane maitiro emazuva ano ekuita, semuenzaniso, ane viscosity ye10W-60, anokubvumira kuti utange injini kunyange kune tembiricha iri pasi -30ºC, uye dzimwe nguva -40ºC. Panguva imwecheteyo, high viscosity haibvumiri kubvarura iyo inodzivirira firimu remafuta paunenge uchizora zvakanyanya zvinopisa zvinotakura zvinhu, senge pistons kana turbocharger zvikamu. Thermal kugadzikana kunopa hukuru hwekudzivirira pamusoro pehupenyu hurefu hwebasa.

Hunhu hwemafuta

Izvo zvinodzivirira zvemafuta hazvisi chete zvine chekuita neiyo viscosity yemafuta. Iyo yakakosha parameter imhando yeoiri, iyo inotsamira zvakanyanya pane base mafuta uye yekuwedzera pasuru. Mafuta einjini emazuva ano, akadai seCastrol EDGE 10W-60, anoita zvakanaka mukushanda kwenguva refu pakupisa kwakanyanya, pasi pemitoro inorema uye nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Mafuta anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzemitambo ndeye esters. Iwo mabhesi ekugadzira. Ivo vane yakakwirira parameters kupfuura yakajairwa synthetic oiri (yakavakirwa paPAO). Kutenda kune idzi mabhesi, zvimiro zveoiri zviri padanho repamusoro, uye iyo yekuwedzera package inobvumidza iwe kuti uwane iyo yakakodzera yekudzivirira uye yekuchenesa zvivakwa, pamwe nekugadzikana pasi pemaitiro asina kujairika ekushanda. Kugadzikana kwakadaro kusina kujairika, semuenzaniso, kuderera kwakaderera kwemafuta, nekuda kwekuti, kunyange pakupisa kwepamusoro kwekushanda, mafuta haachinje maitiro ayo emuviri nemakemikari. Kukwirisa shear kuramba kunonatsiridza dziviriro yekupfeka, ukuwo nekukasira uye nekukasira kubviswa kwezvinhu zvinopisa uye mafuta asina kupiswa zvinochengeta drive yakachena.