Mafuta haafariri chando
Ese mafuta emota anotsamira tembiricha. Iyo viscosity yemafuta inowedzera nekuderera kwekushisa, uye zvinopesana.
Vagadziri, vachigadzira masisitimu emota pamwe neayo sisitimu yekuzora, edza kazhinji kusabvisa kusangana kwezvikamu zvinodyidzana kune mumwe nemumwe. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu mafuta akaonda anoramba ari pakati pavo, iyo inonzi mafuta firimu. Nyangwe 
Oiri layer ine microscopic, ndiyo inoita kuti injini nemabhokisi egiya arambe akasimba kusvika mazana ezviuru zvemakiromita, kana zviuru zvemaawa ekushanda. Kune rimwe divi, michina isina mafuta (kunyangwe injini isina mafuta) inoputsika mumasekondi mashoma. Iyo mechanic inoiswa pasi pekuremerwa kukuru kana kwanyanya kupisa. Nokudaro, vagadziri vanosarudza zvigadziro zvechigadzirwa uye mafuta kuitira kuti mafuta acho ave emhando yepamusoro panguva yekushanda kwakanyanya.
dambudziko rekutonhora
Nehurombo, mafuta akasarudzwa kuti ashandiswe pakupisa kwakanyanya akanyanya kuoneka paanenge achitanga mota, uye munguva yechando mamiriro ezvinhu aya anotonyanya kuoma. Musiyano, dzimwe nguva unodarika 100 madhigirii Celsius, wakakura kwazvo kumafuta emazuva ano. Pakupisa kwepasi-zero, masekonzi gumi ekutanga mushure mekutanga, injini dzinomhanya zvisingaite isina mafuta, uye maminetsi ekutanga (kusvika adziya) ari pasi pekupfeka kukuru. Kune rumwe rutivi, mumabhokisi "anotonhora" zvakaoma kushandura magiya, izvo zvingasaita kuti zviputse, asi zvinonetsa zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, kufamba kwemaitiro akatonhodzwa kunoda simba rakawanda, izvo zvisingakoshi zvinowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta.
Nhasi, izvo zvinonzi mafuta emamiriro ekunze ese anoshandiswa. Nekudaro, viscosity yavo inotsamira zvakanyanya pane tembiricha, asi kusiyana uku kunogumira. Saka, iyo mafuta viscosity yekumaka parizvino ine zvikamu zviviri - "chando" uye "zhizha".
Kutara kuri nyore
SA-E yekumaka inoshandiswa kunenge pasirese. Engine oiri packaging ine, semuenzaniso, zvinotevera mamaki: 15W-40, 5W-40, 0W-30, etc. Chinonyanya kukosha chikamu chechipiri, chinoratidza viscosity yemafuta kana ichishanda pane yakajairika tembiricha yekushanda (100 madhigirii C. ) zvinofungidzirwa pano). Panyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutevedzera zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari.
Chikamu chekutanga che index, chinoratidzwa netsamba W, chinoreva "kutonhora" viscosity. Sezvaunoziva, zvishoma zviri nani. Saka, mafuta akawanda emazuva ano akamboderedza "winter" viscosity. Nepo "15W" iri iyo yakajairwa kukosha kwemafuta emamineral, "0W" yakatowanda muboka rinodhura remafuta ekugadzira. Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvirevi kuti mafuta aya haana kunamatira, zvakasiyana. Izvo zvishoma viscous mafuta munzvimbo inotonhora, zviri nyore kutanga, kuderera kwemafuta ekushandisa uye injini seyose.
Zvakafanana nemafuta emagetsi. Mazuva ano, maoiri ekugadzirwa kwemamiriro ekunze ari kuwedzera kuwanda. Ipapo iyo viscosity tsananguro zvakare iri muzvikamu zviviri, semuenzaniso SAE 75W-90. Iri zita, kunyange rakafanana neiro rinoshandiswa kuoiri yeinjini, rinovhara zvakasiyana zvachose viscosity renji. Zvisinei, nheyo yacho yakafanana - kana, semuenzaniso, automaker inoda mafuta ane viscosity yeSAE 90, ipapo chigadzirwa che75W-90 chichaita.
Kwete kungonamira chete
Iyo viscosity rating haina kukuudza zvese nezve lubricant. Mukuwedzera kune iyo, iyo inonzi mafuta emhando yekirasi. Iyo yakasiyana zvakare kune injini uye kutapurirana mafuta uye inofanirwawo kunyatsocherechedzwa. Chokutanga pane zvose, ngatiyeukei chinhu chimwe - hazvina musoro kutonga "kunaka" kwemafuta nekupenya kwayo kana kutonhora, mubhodhoro. Shandisa zvigadzirwa zvine ma parameter anokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari.
