Oiri, mafuta, mafirita emhepo - riinhi uye sei kuchinja iwo? Guide
Masefa emota anofanirwa kuchinjwa nguva nenguva kudzivirira kukanganisa kwakanyanya. Tarisa kuti ungazviita rini uye sei.
Kusvika ikozvino, hapana matambudziko nekuchinja mafuta filter - shure kwezvose, tinoshandura pamwe chete nemafuta ejini uye kazhinji tinozviita nguva dzose, munyaya yemafuta kana sefa yemhepo, tinowanzovayeuka kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika kumotokari.
Takabvunza Dariusz Nalevaiko, mukuru weRenault service centre muBialystok, yeMotozbyt, rini uye nei zvichidikanwa kuchinja mafirita mumotokari.
Injini yemafuta sefa
Chinangwa chesefa iyi ndechekudzikisa huwandu hwezvinosvibisa zvinopinda mujini pamwe nemhepo yekudya uye kuchenesa mafuta. Zvakakosha kuwedzera kuti sefa yemhepo haitore zvese zvinosvibisa kubva mumhepo ne100%. Saka, vanopinda injini, uye mafuta sefa anofanira kuvamisa. Inongonzwa zvakanyanya kupfuura sefa yemhepo.
Kusarudzwa kwesefa yemafuta yeinjini yakapihwa nemugadziri wayo zvinoenderana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pakugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi. Vagadziri vemasefa vanoratidza mumakatalogi avo kuti ndedzipi injini dzavanokodzera. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti mafirita ekutanga chete kana makambani akavimbika anovimbisa kushandiswa kwakachengeteka.
Iyo sefa yemafuta inowanzotsiviwa pamwe chete nemafuta uye drain plug gasket. Nguva yekutsiva inotarwa nezviyero zvemugadziri. Izvo zvinoenderanawo nenzira uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemotokari. Kazhinji tinoshandura nemafuta gore negore kana mushure mekumhanya kwe10-20 zviuru. km.
Ichi chinhu chinodhura kubva gumi nemaviri kusvika makumi akati wandei emazlotys, uye kutsiva, semuenzaniso, munzvimbo inotenderwa yebasa, pamotokari diki inodhura 300 zlotys pamwe nemafuta.
Sefa yemafuta
Basa rayo nderekuchenesa mafuta. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kusvibiswa kwemafuta kunowanzova nengozi kune injini dzedhiziri pane injini dzepeturu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemagadzirirwo ekugadzirisa - kunyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwe-high-pressure jekiseni michina mu-high-pressure installations.
Kazhinji kazhinji, mumasisitimu emagetsi einjini dzekudzima, mesh chete ekudzivirira mafirita uye madiki mapepa emitsetse mafirita anoshandiswa.
Iyo mains sefa inowanzoiswa muinjini pakati pepombi yebooster nemajekiseni. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekunyanya kupfeka kusagadzikana. Isu tinotsiva mushure me15 zviuru zvekumhanya. km kusvika ku50 zviuru zvemakiromita - zvichienderana nemugadziri. Kururama kwekuchenesa mafuta kunoenderana nerudzi rwepepa rinoshandiswa.
Mutengo wekutenga sefa yemafuta unotangira kubva pashoma kusvika kumakumi akati wandei emazloty. Kutsiva kwayo kazhinji hakuna kuoma, saka tinogona kuzviita isu pachedu. Nyatsoteerera kune kutungamira kwemafuta ekuyerera, ayo akaiswa miseve pamasefa.
Onawo:
Kutsiva mafirita mumotokari - mufananidzo
Kuchinja mafuta mumotokari yemotokari - mutungamiri
Nguva - kutsiva, bhandi uye cheni drive. Guide
Kugadzirira motokari yechando: chii chekutarisa, chii chekutsiva (MUFANANIDZO)
Sefa yemhepo
Sefa yemhepo inodzivirira injini kubva kune tsvina inopinda muinjini.
"Masefa emazuva ano emhepo mumadhiraivha ane simba ari kudiwa zvakanyanya," anodaro Dariusz Nalevaiko. -Kunyatsochenesa mhepo isati yapinda mumakamuri ekupisa chinhu chinodiwa chekushanda kwakarurama kwejini uye kusimba kwepamusoro kwezvikamu zvekushanda.
Mhepo chinhu chakakosha mukupisa kwemafuta muinjini. Kunakidza Chokwadi: 1000 cc ina-stroke injini. masendimita muminiti imwe - pa7000 rpm. - inoyamwa inenge zviuru zviviri nehafu marita emhepo. Kweawa yebasa rinoenderera, izvi zvinodhura marita zviuru gumi nezvishanu!
Izvi zvakawanda, asi nhamba idzi dzinotora chirevo chakakosha patinotanga kufarira mhepo pachayo. Kunyange iyo inonzi mhepo yakachena ine paavhareji inenge 1 mg yeguruva pa 1 cubic mita.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti injini inoyamwa muavhareji inenge 20 g yeguruva pamakiromita 1000 inotyairwa. Chengetedza guruva kubva mukati mechikwata chekutyaira, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukuvadza nzvimbo dzemasilinda, mapistoni, uye zvindori zvepiston, izvo zvinopfupisa hupenyu hweinjini.
Onawo: Turbo mumotokari - simba rakawanda, asi dambudziko rakawanda. Guide
Chenjerera uye kunyatsojeka paunenge uchichinja sefa yemhepo. Iwe unofanirwa kungwarira kuti zviri mukati maro, kunyangwe chikamu chidiki, usapinde mukati meinjini. Mutengo wesefa yemhepo nekutsiva pane yakatenderwa sevhisi chiteshi unowanzo kutenderedza PLN zana. Iyo sefa yemhepo inofanirwa kutsungirira kubva pakuongorora kusvika pakuongorora, i.e. 100-15 zviuru. km yekumhanya. Mukuita, zvakakosha kutarisa kuti inotaridzika sei mushure mekutyaira zviuru zvakati wandei.
Onawo: Mafirita emhepo emitambo - nguva yekuisa mari?
Kabhini firita
Basa guru resefa iyi nderekuchenesa mweya wakaiswa mukati memotokari. Inoteya yakawanda yemukume, fungal spores, guruva, utsi, asphalt particles, rubber particles kubva kune abrasive matai, quartz uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mhepo zvakaunganidzwa pamusoro pemugwagwa.
Masefa eKabhini anofanirwa kutsiviwa kamwechete pagore kana mushure mekutyaira makiromita gumi nemashanu. makiromita. Zvinosuruvarisa, vatyairi vakawanda vanokanganwa pamusoro peizvi, uye ingress yezvinosvibisa mumotokari inogona kukanganisa mutyairi nevafambi.
Zviratidzo zvekupedzisira zvekutsiviwa kwesefa ndezvi:
- kubuda kwemahwindo;
- kuderera kunoonekwa kwehuwandu hwemhepo inopeperetswa nefani,
- kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi muimba, iyo inobva kubhakitiriya inowedzera musefa.
Masefa eCabin haangobatsiri vanhu vane allergies, allergies kana asima. Kuvonga kwavari, kugara zvakanaka kwemutyairi nevafambi kunovandudza, uye rwendo rwunova kwete chete rwakachengeteka, asiwo rusinganyanyi kunetseka. Mushure mezvose, takamira mumigwagwa yemigwagwa, tinoratidzirwa kune inhalation yezvinhu zvinokuvadza, iyo iyo mumotokari inokwira kusvika katanhatu kupfuura padivi pemugwagwa.
Kubudirira uye kusimba kwekabhini yemhepo sefa kunokonzerwa nehutano hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa uye kunyatsoita basa. Mapepa cartridges haafanire kushandiswa mumasefa emhepo kabhini sezvo asinganyanyi kunyatsa kubata zvinosvibisa uye kusefa zvishoma kana akanyorova.
Onawo: Air conditioning inodawo kuchengetedzwa mumatsutso nechando. Guide
Kabhini mafirita ane activated carbon
Kuti uchengetedze hutano hwako pachako, zvakakodzera kushandisa activated carbon cabin filter. Iine saizi yakafanana neyesefa yakajairwa uye inowedzera kuteya magasi anokuvadza. Kuti iyo activated kabhoni kabhini sefa itore 100 muzana yezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvegasi zvakaita seozone, sulfur makomisheni uye nitrogen makomisheni kubva kumagasi emhepo, inofanirwa kunge iine yakanaka mhando activated kabhoni.
Sefa inoshanda inobatsira kudzikisa njodzi yeallergic reaction mu mucous membranes yemhino nemeso, runny mhino kana kufema kutsamwa - zvirwere zviri kuwedzera kubata vanhu vanopedza nguva yakawanda kuseri kwevhiri.
Muchidimbu, hazvibviri kuona nguva iyo sefa ichave yakavharwa zvachose. Hupenyu hwebasa hunoenderana nehuwandu hwezvinosvibisa mumhepo.
"Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti hazvibviri kuchenesa iyi sefa zvinobudirira," anotsanangura kudaro Dariusz Nalevaiko. - Naizvozvo, kabhini sefa inofanira kuchinjwa ose 15 zviuru. km yekumhanya, panguva yekuongorora kwakarongwa kana kamwechete pagore.
Mitengo yemasefa emakabhini inotangira paPLN 70-80. Kutsinhana kunogona kuitwa kwakazvimirira.
Onawo: LPG mota - kushanda kwechando
Particulate firita
Iyo Diesel Particulate Sefa (DPF kana FAP kwenguva pfupi) inoiswa mumagetsi emagetsi einjini dzedhiziri. Inobvisa soot particles kubva kune exhaust gasi. Kuunzwa kwemasefa eDPF kwakaita kuti zvibvire kubvisa kubuda kwehutsi hutema, zvinova zvakajairwa kumota dzechikuru dzine injini dzedhiziri.
Kushanda kwesefa inoshanda nemazvo kunobva pa85 kusvika ku100 percent, zvichireva kuti hapana inopfuura 15 percent inopinda mumhepo. kusvibiswa.
Onawo: Injini yedhiziri yemazuva ano - zvinogoneka uye kuti ungabvisa sei DPF sefa kubva pairi. Guide
Soot particles inoungana musefa inoita kuti ivhare zvishoma nezvishoma uye ishaye basa. Dzimwe mota dzinoshandisa masefa anoraswa anoda kutsiviwa kana sefa ichizadza. Imwe mhinduro yepamusoro ndeyekuzvichenesa kwesefa, iyo inosanganisira mukupisa kwekupisa kwesoti mushure mekunge sefa yasvika pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Active masisitimu ekupisa soot akaunganidzwa musefa anoshandiswawo - semuenzaniso, shanduko yenguva nenguva muinjini yekushandisa modhi. Imwe nzira yekushingairira kuvandudza sefa ndeyekuipisa nguva nenguva nemurazvo wekuwedzera wemusanganiswa wakaiswa musefa, semhedzisiro yekuti soot inopiswa.
Ivhareji yehupenyu hwesefa inenge 160 zviuru. makiromita ekumhanya. Mutengo wekuzvarwa patsva panzvimbo yacho PLN 300-500.
Sefa kutsiva uye mitengo - ASO / yakazvimirira sevhisi:
* mafuta sefa - PLN 30-45, basa - PLN 36/30 (kusanganisira kuchinja kwemafuta), shanduko - yega 10-20 zviuru zvemakiromita kana gore rega rega;
* mafuta sefa (mota ine peturu injini) - PLN 50-120, basa - PLN 36/30, kutsiva - yega 15-50 zviuru. km;
* kabhini sefa - PLN 70-80, basa - PLN 36/30, kutsiva - gore negore kana zviuru gumi nezvishanu. km;
* mhepo sefa - PLN 60-70, basa - PLN 24/15, kutsiva - yakawanda ose zviuru makumi maviri. km;
* dizeli particulate sefa - PLN 4, shanda PLN 500, kutsiva - paavhareji zviuru zana nemakumi matanhatu. km (mune iyi sefa, mitengo inogona kusvika PLN 160).
Isu tinowedzera kuti mutyairi ane ruzivo rwemakanika anofanira kukwanisa kushandura mafiritsi: mafuta, kabhini uye mweya pasina rubatsiro rwemakanika.
Chinyorwa uye mufananidzo: Piotr Walchak
