Rubatsiro rwemari kuUkraine - Lend-Lease XNUMXth century

Mutungamiri weUkraine Volodymyr Zelensky anojairana nezvombo zvinopihwa nenyika dzekuMadokero panzvimbo yekudzidzira mudunhu reRivne muna Kukadzi 16, 2022. Kumberi kune Stinger Dual Mount pfupi-range anti-ndege missile system.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, maAllies ari kurwisana neAxis Powers aigona kuvimba nezvinhu zvakakura zveAmerica zvakaendeswa pasi pemubatanidzwa weLend-Lease Act wakapasiswa munaKurume 11, 1941. Vabatsiri vezvipo izvi vaifanira kubhadhara chete zvombo nemidziyo yakasara muzviwanikwa zvavo mushure mekupera kwehondo, kana kuzvidzosera. Nhasi, Mauto Ane Hondo eUkraine anogona kuvimba nerubatsiro rwakafanana mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, asi pamahara zvachose (panguva ino).

Musi waFebruary 24, kurwisa kweRussia kuUkraine kwakatanga. Hatisi kuzoongorora mafambiro ehondo iyi, tsanangura kubudirira uye kukundikana kana kukanganisa kwemapato ari kunetsana. Tichatarisa pakupihwa kwezvombo nezvombo (asi kwete izvi chete, zvimwe gare gare) zvichiuya pamberi uye mushure mekuputika kwehondo kubva kunyika dzekuMadokero dzinonzwisiswa zvakanyanya, uye kukosha kwazvo pakuita hutsinye.

Kunyarara kukuru pamberi pedutu

Tichifunga nezve gadziriro iri kuramba ichioneka yemauto eRussian Federation yekupinda muUkraine, yakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo nevamiriri vehurumende uye masevhisi ehungwaru eUnited States neGreat Britain, dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero dziri nhengo dzeNorth Atlantic Alliance. vatanga danho rekuendesa kudivi reUkraine zvakasara zvombo zvekudzivirira uye zvechiuto kumauto avo. Matauriro ekutanga nezve rubatsiro kumauto eUkraine, ayo akacherechedzwa munhau, akaitwa kuMadokero muna Zvita 2021 kubva kunyika dzeBaltic neUnited States. Musi waDecember 21, pamusangano wevakuru vemadhipatimendi ekudzivirira, vakazivisa chinangwa chavo chekupa rubatsiro rwemauto kuUkraine. Kana zviri izvo, zviremera zveRepublic of Estonia zvakazivisa muna Zvita 30 kuti Tallinn yaizopa Mauto EUkraine (SZU) nezvombo nezvombo. Sekureva kwaPeeter Kuimet, mukuru wedhipatimendi rekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika reMinistry of Defense yeRepublic of Estonia, Tallinn aida kutumira mapfumo anotungamirwa neFGM-148 Javelin uye 122-mm towed howwitzers kubva kuUnited States kuenda kuUkraine. H63 (zita renzvimbo yeD-30 cannon, Estonian Defence Forces yakatenga mahowitzers akadaro kubva kwavari muFinland, iyo yakavawana kuGermany, kubva kune zviwanikwa zveNational People's Army yeGDR, iyo yakakurumidza kukonzera matambudziko. , izvo zvichakurukurwa gare gare). Mazuva mashoma gare gare, Gurukota rezveDziviriro reRepublic yeLatvia Artis Pabriks akavimbisa Mumiriri weUkraine kuRiga Oleksandr Mishchenko kuti Latvia yaizopawo zvombo nemidziyo kuUkraine, uye akataurawo kuti nyika yavo inotarisira kushandira pamwe kwemaindasitiri neUkraine. Muna Ndira, kutakurwa kwevanhu kwaifanirwa kusvika kuUkraine, uye gare gare SZU yaifanirwa kugashira mapfupi Stinger Dual Mount anti-ndege masisitimu achishandisa FIM-92 Stinger makomba. Kuendeswa kwemakiti akafanana kwakaziviswa neRepublic of Lithuania (iyo yakanga yakagadzirirawo kuendesa Javelin anti-tank systems) - yekutanga Lithuanian Stingers yakasvika muUkraine munaFebruary 13, pamwe chete neHMMWV dzakawanda. Ehe, kuitira kuendesa zvombo zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika, nyika idzi dzaifanira kuwana mvumo yevatengesi vepakutanga - mune iyo US State Dhipatimendi, iyi yakanga isiri dambudziko, kubvumirana kunoenderana kwakapihwa muna Ndira 19 wegore rino.

MaBritish airatidza kumhanya kwakanakisa kwekutakura - mukati maawa mashoma mushure mesarudzo yehurumende, boka rekutanga rezvombo rakatumirwa kuUkraine nendege yeC-17A kubva ku99th Squadron yeRoyal Air Force.

United States, zvakare, yakabvumidza US $ 2021 miriyoni murubatsiro rwemauto kuUkraine muna Zvita 200, nevezvematongerwo enyika veRepublican Party vachikumbira imwe hafu yebhirioni. Hondo isati yatanga, SZU yakagamuchira zvinenge 17 kutakura zvombo nezvombo zvine huremu hwose hunosvika matani 1500 747. Ruzhinji rwerubatsiro rwemauto eAmerica rwakasvika paBoryspil Airport pedyo neKiev vari muBoeing 428-22 vatakuri vezvokutengeserana. . Nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvemifananidzo uye mhando yayo yepamusoro, unogona kuve nechokwadi chezviri mukati mune zvimwe zvinotumirwa. Semuyenzaniso, muna Ndira 2021, Ukraine yakagamuchira Javelin anti-tank zvombo zvinokandwa zvinozivikanwa nemauto eUkraine (maererano nedata pakupera kwa77, ruzivo urwu rusati rwapihwa, Ukraine yakagamuchira 540 BPU uye 141 ATGMs), pamwe negirinedhi. kutanga neMXNUMX BDM anti-concrete warhead, izvo zvatove zvitsva (zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakaitwa muvhiki yekupedzisira yaJanuary). Hazvizivikanwe kuti vangani maroketi uye magirinedhi ekuvhura, iwo ekupedzisira anonzi anopfuura zana.

Iyo UK yakapa rubatsiro rwakakura uye nekukurumidza kuUkraine. Munyori wezvekudzivirirwa kweBritain Robert Ben Wallace musi wa17 Ndira gore rino. akazivisa kuti hurumende yake yaizopa Ukraine zvombo. Aya aifanirwa kunge ari, mumashoko ake, "light anti-tank defense systems" - zvaifungidzirwa kuti izvi zvinogona kuraswa AT4 grenade launchers kana NLAW kana Javelin missile systems. Pazuva rimwe chetero, ndege yeBritain inotakura zvinhu Boeing C-17A Globemaster III yakaendesa kutakura zvinhu kunhandare yendege pedyo neKiev. Ruzivo urwu rwakakurumidza kusimbiswa, uye kubhururuka kwendege kweBritish kwakabudirira zvekuti musi wa20 Ndira London Ministry of Defense yakazivisa kuendeswa kwe2000 NLAW (19 C-17As yakatumirwa kuUkraine ne25 Ndira). Vadzidzisi vakasvika nezvombo, avo vakabva vatanga kudzidziswa kwedzidziso (kunyangwe murayiridzo wakareruka wekushandiswa kweNPAO wakapihwa muUkraine), uye muna Ndira XNUMX maekisesaizi anoshanda ekushandiswa kweNPAO akatanga. Zvakakodzera kuwedzera kuti mumazuva akatevera dzimwe ndege dzekutakura mauto kubva kuUnited Kingdom dzakasvika muUkraine, asi chii chakanga chiri muchikepe (zvimwe NLAW, mamwe marudzi ezvombo, zvombo, mishonga?)

Zvakare, zviremera zveCanada zvakazivisa muna Ndira 26 kuti vaizopa rubatsiro rwemauto kuUkraine mumari inosvika 340 miriyoni yemadhora ekuCanada, pamwe nerumwe rubatsiro rwemamiriyoni makumi mashanu, nezvimwewo. Chikamu chemari iyi chaizoshandiswa kuwedzera kudzidziswa. basa rakaitwa kubvira 50 neArmed Canadian mauto muUkraine (Operation "Unifier"). MaCanada aifanira kuwedzera mauto ekudzidziswa kubva pa2015 kusvika ku200 mauto, paine mukana wekuwedzera kuwedzera kusvika ku260 vanhu. Basa ravo raifanirwa kugara kusvika kanenge 400, uye kubudirira kunoratidzwa nekuti muna 2025-2015 vanenge 2021 600 varume vemauto vekuUkraine vakapedza zvidzidzo zvinopfuura 33. Sekureva kwenhau dzeCanada, Ukraine yaifanirwawo kugashira zvombo zvinokosha mamiriyoni gumi emadhora ekuCanada nekuramba kupa zvombo kumaKurds. Nechekare muna Kukadzi 000, zvinopesana nechinzvimbo chekare chevakuru veCanada, Dhipatimendi reNyika Dziviriro rakazivisa kutumirwa kwezvombo zvidiki, zvishongedzo uye miriyoni 10 zvombo zvidiki zvemadhora mazana manomwe nemazana masere emadhora eCanada. Zvifambiso zvakasvika muUkraine pa14 uye 1,5 Kukadzi muchikepe cheRoyal Canadian Air Force C-7,8A.

Nyika dze "continental" Europe dzaifanirawo kupa rutsigiro rwakakura. Vamwe vakaedza zvakanyanya kupfuura vamwe. Semuyenzaniso, muna Ndira 24, Mutungamiriri weCzech, Petr Fiala, akazivisa kuti aizopa pfuti kuUkraine, achitaura kuti yaizongove nyaya yenguva isati yabvumiranwa zviri pamutemo. Nekudaro, Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa kweCzech, Yana Chernokhova, akajekesa kuti tiri kutaura nezve 152 mm caliber ammunition. Musi wa26 Ndira, mutauriri webazi rezvekudzivirirwa kweCzech, Jakub Fayor, akataura kuti Czech Republic yaizopa Ukraine magirinedhi epfuti anosvika mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nemazana mana nemakumi mashanu neshanu mumazuva maviri anotevera. Zvakakosha, Ukraine haina kubhadhara Hryvnia imwe chete ye4006 miriyoni CZK (inenge US$152 miriyoni) rubatsiro. MaCzech akasvika panyaya iyi achinakidza zvikuru maererano nemaitirwo - kuendeswa kwezvombo kuUkraine kwakabvunzurudzwa nevamiriri veGeneral Staff of the Czech Armed Forces, uye nzira yekuunza zvombo pachayo yaifanira kuongororwa nekuongororwa nevashandi venhamo vanoshanda muCzech Republic. Bazi rezvekunze kwenyika. Muvakidzani weCzech Republic, Slovakia, akazivisawo kuendeswa kuUkraine kwemotokari mbiri dzemapiyona dzisina munhu dzine Božena 36,6 anti-mine trawls nemichina yezvokurapa. Mutengo wepasuru yacho waifanira kunge uri 1,7 miriyoni euros, sarudzo yakaziviswa muna Kukadzi 5 neGurukota reDziviriro yeSlovak Republic, Jaroslav Naj. Denmark neNetherlands "havana kurega" kutumira zvombo kuUkraine (asi munyaya yezviremera zveHumambo hweNetherlands pakanga pane kuchinja kwechinzvimbo, sezvavakanga vambotaura kuti kutumira zvombo kuKiev zvinogona "kutungamirira kuhondo. kuwedzera"), uye Humambo hweDenmark hwakazivisa kuti hwaizotumira rubatsiro rwemauto muhuwandu hwe1,7 miriyoni euros.