MAZ 543 Hurricane

Mushure mekuziva kugadzirwa kweMAZ 537 series paMinsk Automobile Plant, boka remainjiniya kubva kuYaroslavl rakatumirwa kuMinsk, iro basa rayo raiva rekugadzira motokari itsva yehondo vachishandisa nheyo uye kubudirira kwakashandiswa kugadzira MAZ-537.

 

Motokari yeMAZ-543 yakatanga kugadzirwa mukupera kwema 1950. Nokuda kweizvi, iyo yakakosha dhizaini Bureau No. chassis project yakagadzirira. Hurumende yeSoviet yakaita nokukurumidza zvikuru kune iyi nhau uye yakabudisa chirevo musi waDecember 1, 1954 uchiraira kuti kugadzirwa kweMAZ-1960 chassis kutange nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Pashure pemakore maviri, yekutanga 2 samples yeMAZ-6 chassis yakagadzirira. Vaviri vavo vakakurumidza kutumirwa kuVolgograd, uko paMAZ-543 chassis yakaiswa paMAZ-543 mabhesi emagetsi e-ballistic uye zvombo zveR-17 zvine injini dzeroketi.

Vatakuri vekutanga vakapedzwa vakatumirwa kunzvimbo yekudzidzira muKapustny Yar muna 1964, uko bvunzo dzekutanga dzakaitwa. Panguva yekuedzwa, MAZ-543 chassis yakaita zvakanaka, sezvo SKB-1 yakanga ine ruzivo mukugadzira michina yemhando iyi kubva muna 1954.

Nhoroondo yekusika uye kugadzira

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, motokari dzakaratidza kuti dzaigona kuunza kufamba kwemauto kune imwe nhanho itsva. Uye mushure meHondo Huru yePatriotic, kubuda kwemhando itsva dzezvombo zvakatimanikidza kugadzira midziyo yaigona kuzvitakura.

Kusikwa kwematarakita emauto ane hunyanzvi hwekuyambuka-nyika kwakaiswa kune yakakosha dhizaini Bureau uye neMAZ yekuyedza workshop. Mhuri yemotokari yakanzi MAZ-535 - yekutanga prototypes yakavakwa muna 1956, uye muna 1957 marori akabudirira kubudirira kutenderera. Kugadzirwa kweserial kwakatanga muna 1958.

Mhuri yacho yaisanganisirawo MAZ-535V rori tarakita, yakagadzirirwa kunyanya kutakura motokari dzinoteverwa (kusanganisira matangi). Wakazova muchina wainyanya kudiwa, asi zvakabva zvangobuda pachena kuti simba rawo rakanga risingakwani kutakura zvombo zvazvino uno zvine hukuru hukuru.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, vakagadzira yavo shanduro ine injini simba kusvika 525 hp. Akagamuchira zita MAZ-537. Kwenguva yakati, motokari dzakagadzirwa zvakafanana, asi muna 1961 kugadzirwa kweMAZ-535 kwakaendeswa kune chirimwa muKurgan. Muna 1964, MAZ-537 akamudzingawo - kugadzirwa kweDutu guru MAZ-543 kwakatangwa muMinsk.

MuKurgan, MAZ-537 yakakurumidza kudzinga iyo yakatangira kubva mumutsara wegungano.

Matrakita aitakura matangi, pfuti dzinozvifambisa, zvitundumuseremusere zvemaroketi nendege dzakareruka. Muhupfumi hwenyika, rori yakawanawo kushanda - yakave yakakosha kutakura mitoro inorema mumamiriro ezvinhu, semuenzaniso, weFar North. Panguva yekugadzirwa, sekutonga, kuchinja kuduku kwakaitwa kumotokari, zvakadai sekubatanidzwa kwemagetsi ekuvhenekera nemarori e "vanhu", kana kuiswa kweimwe mhepo yemhepo inotonhorera.

Muma80s, vakaedza kugadzirisa matirakita - vakaisa injini yeYaMZ-240 uye vakaedza kuvandudza ergonomics. Asi zera rechimiro chakakanganisika, uye muna 1990 tarakita yeMAZ-537 yakaguma yaguma.

Mushure mekuparara kweSoviet Union, MAZ yakaramba iri muBelarus yakasununguka, uye chirimwa muKurgan, iyo yakarasikirwa nemirairo yekudzivirira uye haina kugamuchira rubatsiro nenzira yekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzevanhu, yakakurumidza kupera.

Chisarudzo chisingatarisirwi pamusoro pechisarudzo chekugadzirisa kwekabhini MAZ-543

Iyo itsva missile system, inonzi "Temp-S", yakanga ine missile yakareba kwazvo (12 mm), saka kureba kwechasi kwakanga kusina kukwana. Zvakasarudzwa kuita zororo rakakosha pakati pekabhini, asi izvi hazvina kuitwa. Sezvo yakaramba ichirebesa furemu, mugadziri mukuru Shaposhnikov akaita chisarudzo chakashinga uye chinoshamisa - kuparadzanisa kabhini hombe mumakamuri maviri ari oga, pakati peiyo rocket musoro wakaiswa.

Kupatsanurwa kwakadaro kwekabhini hakuna kumboshandiswa pahunyanzvi hwakadaro, asi nzira iyi yakazova iyo chete mhinduro yakarurama. Mune ramangwana, vazhinji vevakatangira MAZ-543 vaiva nemakamuri emhando iyi. Imwe mhinduro yepakutanga yaiva kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva kugadzira makamuri eMAZ-543. Yakanga isina kugadzirwa nesimbi, asi yepolyester resin yakasimbiswa nefiberglass.

Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vasina chokwadi vakangoerekana vabuda avo vaikakavadzana kuti kushandiswa kwepurasitiki-kufanana nezvinhu zvekombi kwakanga kusingabvumirwi, miedzo mubhokisi yejongwe yakaratidza zvakasiyana. Panguva yekuyedzwa kwekukanganisa, test rig yakadonha, asi kabhini yakapona.

Mahwendefa ezvombo akakwiridzirwa akagadzirwa kunyanya kune kabhini. Sezvo MAZ-543 yaifanira kupinda muchimiro chechitima pasina kukanganisa, matekisi akagamuchira zvigaro zviviri, uye zvigaro zvakanga zvisiri mumutsara mumwe, asi imwe pashure peimwe.

Kushanda kwezvombo zvehondo

Vatyairi vakarovedzwa zvakakodzera vanogona kutyaira motokari huru yakadaro. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinodikanwa kupasa bvunzo paruzivo rwezvakafanana zvikamu zvakasara, kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza uye, hongu, kutyaira pachako. Kazhinji, chiyero chevashandi vemotokari chinosanganisira vanhu vaviri, saka vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete.

Tekinoroji nyowani inoda kuunzwa. Kutanga, mushure mekumhanya kwe1000 km, yekutanga MOT inoitwa. Zvakare, mushure mezviuru zviviri zvemakiromita, shanduko yemafuta inoitwa.

Asati atanga injini, mutyairi anopomba iyo lubrication system ine yakakosha pombi (kumanikidza kusvika 2,5 atm) kweasingasviki miniti. Kana tembiricha iri pazasi madhigirii mashanu, injini inofanira kudziyirwa isati yatanga - kune yakakosha kudziyisa system yeizvi.

Mushure mekumisa injini, kutangazve inobvumirwa chete mushure memaminitsi makumi matatu. Mushure mekutsvaira pakudziya kwakaderera, simiti yemagetsi inotangwa kubvisa mvura kubva muturbine.

Nokudaro, motokari yakanga isina basa kwenguva yakareba pane imwe nzvimbo yekushisa isingasviki 15 degrees. Ipapo iyo hydromechanical gearbox ine overdrive yakadzima.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti reverse kasi rinoitwa chete mushure mekumira kwakakwana. Paunenge uchityaira panzvimbo dzakaoma uye pasi rakaoma, giya repamusoro rinobatanidzwa, uye mumamiriro ekunze-mumugwagwa, giya rezasi rinobatanidzwa.

Paunomira pamateru anopfuura 7 madhigirii, kuwedzera kune ruoko brake, dhiraivha ye master cylinder ye brake system inoshandiswa. Kupaka hakufanire kudarika maawa mana, zvikasadaro mavhiri emavhiri anoiswa.

Zvinodiwa MAZ-543

Paunenge uchigadzira MAZ-543, mhinduro dzakawanda dzepakutanga dzakashandiswa:

• Iyo yekutanga furemu yaive ne2 akabhenda tambo dzekuwedzera elasticity. Pakugadzira kwavo, welding uye riveting matekinoroji akashandiswa;
• Kuti ive nechokwadi chekutsvedza kwakakodzera, kumiswa kwakazvimiririra kwerudzi rwe torsion-lever kwakasarudzwa;
• The transmission yaivewo yepakutanga. A mana-speed hydro-mechanical transmission yakabvumira kuchinja kwegiya pasina kukanganiswa kwemagetsi;
• Patency yemotokari yaipihwa ne8 mavhiri ekutyaira, rimwe nerimwe raive neautomatic pumping system. Nokugadzirisa kumanikidzwa kwetai, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuwana kushanda kwepamusoro-soro kunyange pazvikamu zvakaoma zvikuru kunze kwemugwagwa;
• Iyo D-12A-525 tangi injini yakapa mota iyo inodiwa simba rekuchengetedza. Huwandu hweinjini iyi 525-horsepower 12-cylinder yaive marita 38;
• Mota iyi yaive nemafuta maviri emafuta anokwana 2 litres imwe neimwe. Paive zvakare nekuwedzera 250-litre aruminiyamu tank. Kushandiswa kwemafuta kunogona kubva pa180 kusvika ku80 malita pa120 km;
• Kutakura kwechasisi kwaive matani 19,1, uye huremu hwemugero hwaive hunosvika matani makumi maviri, zvichienderana nekugadziriswa.

Zviyero zveMAZ-543 chassis zvakatarwa nehukuru hwe rocket uye launcher, saka pakutanga mumashoko ekureva zvakaratidzwa:

• Kureba kweMAZ-543 kwaiva 11 mm;
• kureba - 2900 mm;
• Upamhi - 3050 mm.

Kutenda kumakamuri akasiyana, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuisa Temp-S launcher paMAZ-543 chassis pasina matambudziko.

Basic model MAZ-543

Mumiririri wekutanga weMAZ-543 yemhuri yemotokari yaiva chassis ine simba rekutakura rematani 19,1, anonzi MAZ-543. Chesi yekutanga pasi peindekisi iyi yakaunganidzwa muhuwandu hwemakopi matanhatu muna 6. Pakazara, makopi 1962 akagadzirwa munhoroondo yese yekugadzirwa.

Zvizhinji zveMAZ-543 chassis zvakatumirwa kuuto reGDR. Ikoko vakanga vakashongedzerwa nemitumbi yetende yesimbi yose, yaigona kushandiswa kutakura zvinhu uye nokuda kwekutakura vashandi. Mukuwedzera, MAZs dzaive dzakagadzirirwa matirakita ane simba, izvo zvakavaita matirakita ane simba eballast. Mota dziya dzaisashandiswa sematarakita dzakashandurwa kuita nharembozha dzemusangano kana mota dzekudzosera.

MAZ-543 pakutanga yakasikwa kuti igare yekushanda-tactical missile masisitimu pane chassis yayo. Yekutanga yakaoma, iyo yakaiswa paMAZ-543 chassis, yaive TEMP. Pashure paizvozvo, paMAZ-543 chassis itsva 9P117 launcher yakaiswa.

Zvakare, pahwaro hweMAZ-543, zvinotevera zvakaunganidzwa uye masisitimu:

• Coastal missile complex "Rubezh";
• Combat checkpoints;
• Special mauto rori crane 9T35;
• nhepfenyuro dzekukurukurirana;
• Autonomous diesel magetsi emagetsi.

Pahwaro hweMAZ-543, mimwe midziyo chaiyo yakaiswawo.

Injini uye gearbox

MAZ 543, iyo hunyanzvi hunhu hwakafanana neMAZ 537, inewo injini yakafanana, asi nejekiseni rakananga remafuta uye kuchenesa mweya. Iine gumi nemaviri-cylinder V-configuration, mechanical speed control mumamodhi ose, uye inoshandiswa nejini yedhiziri. Injini yedhiziri yaive yakavakirwa paB2 yakashandiswa mumatangi panguva yehondo. Vhoriyamu 38,8 malita. Injini simba - 525 hp.

Iyo hydromechanical transmission inoshandiswa paMAZ 543 inofambisa kutyaira, inowedzera off-road patency uye injini kusimba. Iyo ine zvikamu zvitatu: mavhiri mana, imwe-nhanho torque converter, matatu-kumhanya otomatiki kutapurirana uye control system.

Muchina uyu wakashongedzerwa nemechini yekufambisa kesi, iyo ine nhanho mbiri ine yepakati musiyano.

Shanduko dzekurwisa moto

Motokari dzeAerodrome dzinodzima moto dzinobva pamuenzaniso we7310 dzinosiyaniswa nemhando yadzo uye maitiro ekuita, saka dzichiri kushandiswa.

AA-60

Yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweMAZ-543 chassis, rori yemoto yakagadzirwa paKB-8 muPriluki. Chimiro chayo chinosiyanisa chinogona kutorwa sepombi ine simba ine simba re60 l / s. Yakapinda serial kugadzirwa muna 1973 panzvimbo yemidziyo yemoto muguta rePriluki.

Hunhu hweMAZ 7310 shanduko AA-60:

1. Target. Inoshandiswa kudzima moto wendege zvakanangana nendege uye zvivakwa, zvivakwa. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, mota yakadai inoshandiswawo kutakura vashandi, pamwe nemidziyo yakakosha yemoto uye midziyo.
2. Mvura inokwanisa kupihwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakashama (madhamu), kuburikidza nepombi yemvura kana kubva mutangi. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa aeromechanical foam kubva kune wechitatu bato blower kana yako mudziyo.
3. Mamiriro ekushanda. Inogona kushandiswa kune yakaderera zvakanyanya kana yakakwirira tembiricha mune chero mamiriro ekunze enyika.
4. Hunhu hunokosha. Yakashongedzerwa neanopupa agent ane huwandu hwe900 litres, injini yecarburetor ine simba re 180 hp. Iyo peculiarity yepombi ndeyekuti inogona kushanda nekumhanya kwakasiyana.

Iyo mota inogadziridzwa kushanda chero tembiricha. Injini huru, mapombi uye matangi mumwaka unotonhora zvinopiswa nemagetsi ekupisa hurongwa, iyo inoshandiswa nejenereta. Muchiitiko chekukundikana, kupisa kubva kune peturu system inogoneka.

Iyo yekutarisa moto inogona kushandirwa nemaoko kana kubva kune mutyairi cab. Kune zvakare inotakurika kuiswa muhuwandu hwe2 zvidimbu, izvo zvinoshandiswa kudzima moto mu saloni kana saloon, pamwe chete munzvimbo dzakavharirwa.

Kugadziriswa AA-60

Iyo huru vhezheni yeAA-60 moto injini yakagadziridzwa kakawanda uye yakagamuchira kugadziridzwa katatu:

1. AA-60(543)-160. Rori yemoto inorema yendege yakavakirwa paMAZ-543 chassis. Iyo ine hunyanzvi hunhu hwakafanana neiyo yekutanga vhezheni, misiyano mikuru ndiyo yakawedzera vhoriyamu yetangi remvura, iyo inokwana 11 malita. Yakagadzirwa mune shoma edition.
2. AA-60(7310)-160.01. Motokari dzemoto dzinoshandiswa panhandare dzendege, dzakagadzirwa zvakananga pahwaro hweMAZ 7310. Mvura pano ndeye 12 malita, uye pombi inozvimiririra yakashandiswa zvakare. Yakagadzirwa kwemakore mana, muna 000-4.
3. AA-60(7313)-160.01A. Imwe shanduko yeiyo airfield moto injini, yakagadzirwa kubvira 1982.

Muna 1986, MAZ-7310 yakatsiviwa neanotsiva MAZ-7313, rori ye-21-ton, pamwe chete neshanduro yayo yakashandurwa MAZ-73131 ine simba rekutakura rinosvika matani makumi maviri nematatu, zvose zvinoenderana neMAZ-23 imwechete.

AA-70

Uku kuchinjwa kwemotokari yemoto kwakagadzirwawo muguta rePriluki muna 1981 pahwaro hweMAZ-73101 chassis. Iyi ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yeAA-60, misiyano mikuru yayo ndeiyi:

• imwe tangi yekuchengetedza hupfu;
• kuderera kwemvura;
• pombi yepamusoro yekuita.

Kune matangi matatu mumuviri: yehupfu ine vhoriyamu ye3 l, yefuro inotarisa 2200 l uye yemvura 900 l.

Pamusoro pekudzima zvinhu panhandare yendege, muchina uyu unogona kushandiswa kudzima racks nemafuta zvigadzirwa, matangi ane hurefu hwakazara hunosvika 6 m.

Kushanda kweBrigade yakakosha MAZ 7310, inotakura midziyo yekudzivirira moto iri muchikepe, inoitwa nhasi panhandare dzendege nechinangwa chayo munyika dzakawanda dze post-Soviet space. Michina yakadaro haingogadziriswi kumamiriro ekunze akaoma ematunhu ekuchamhembe, asi zvakare inosangana nezvinodiwa zvese zvekuverenga mukurwisa moto pazvivakwa zvendege nendege.

Yepakati uye imwe mutsara michina

Kunyangwe kusati kwaonekwa kwekutanga kugadziridzwa, vagadziri vakashandisa mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana kune yekutanga tekinoroji, izvo zvakaita kuti kuve nekubuda kwezvizhinji zvakasiyana-siyana.

• MAZ-543B - kutakura simba rakawedzerwa kusvika 19,6 matani. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekutakurwa kwe9P117M vanovhura.
• MAZ-543V - iyo yakatangira yekupedzisira yakabudirira kugadziridzwa yaive nekabhini yakachinjirwa kumberi, yakareba furemu uye yakawedzera mutoro.
• MAZ-543P - motokari yedhizaini yakareruka yakashandiswa kudhonza matirakita, pamwe nekuita maekisesaizi ekudzidzisa vatyairi vezvikamu zvakakomba. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuchinja kwacho kwakashandiswa muhupfumi hwenyika.
• MAZ-543D imhando yechigaro chimwe chete ine multi-fuel injini yedhiziri. Pfungwa inonakidza haina kusimudzirwa nekuti yaive yakaoma kuita.
• MAZ-543T - muenzaniso wakagadzirirwa kufamba zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine makomo.

Zvinoumba MAZ-543A

Muna 1963, imwe yekuedza kugadziriswa kweMAZ-543A chassis yakabudiswa. Iyi modhi yaive yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kweSPU OTRK "Temp-S". MAZ-543A kugadziriswa kwakatanga kubudiswa muna 1966, uye kugadzirwa kwemazhinji kwakatangwa chete muna 1968.

Kunyanya kugadzirisa iyo itsva missile system, hwaro hweiyo modhi nyowani yakawedzera zvishoma. Kunyangwe pakuona kwekutanga pasina misiyano, chokwadi, vagadziri vakawedzera zvishoma kumberi kwemota nekufambisa ma cabs mberi. Nekuwedzera kumberi kwepamusoro ne 93 mm, zvaive zvichikwanisika kurebesa chikamu chinobatsira chefuremu kusvika pamamita manomwe.

Kugadziridzwa kutsva kweMAZ-543A kwakagadzirirwa kunyanya kuiswa kweTemp-S launcher uye Smerch multiple launch rocket system pazvigadziko zvayo. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe maTemp-S ekuvhura ave nenguva refu akamiswa neRussia Ground Forces, maSmerch akawanda ekuvhura maroketi masisitimu achiri kushanda neuto reRussia.

Kugadziriswa kweMAZ-543A kwakagadzirwa kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma2000, pamwe chete, chassis inenge 2600 yakabudiswa mumakore. Zvadaro, zvinotevera midziyo yakaiswa pamusoro MAZ-543A chassis:

• Rori cranes dzakasiyana siyana kutakura;
• command posts;
• Communication complexes;
• Simba zvinomera;
• Misangano yakasiyana-siyana.

Mukuwedzera kune zviri pamusoro apa, pahwaro hweMAZ-543A, mamwe midziyo yehondo yakagadzwa.

Maz 543 - Hurricane tarakita: tsanangudzo, mapikicha

Pakutanga, motokari yakarongwa kuti ishandiswe chete pakugadzika masisitimu ezvokupotsera, asi gare gare pahwaro hweMAZ-543 mitsva yekurwisa masisitimu uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemidziyo yekubatsira yakagadzirwa, iyo yakaita kuti ive mota yakakura uye yakapararira. yeSoviet Army.

Mabhenefiti makuru eiyo modhi isimba rakakura, kuvimbika kwedhizaini, kuvaka hunhu uye kugona kuyambuka-nyika, kuchinjika kukushanda kwakanaka mune chero mamiriro emugwagwa uye mamiriro ekunze, yakaderera curb huremu, inowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwesimbi alloy, aluminium uye fiberglass. rori.

Zvinyorwa / Zvishandiso zveMasoja Motokari ine zviso zvine chiuru: hunyanzvi hwemauto ematarakita eMAZ

Pane imwe nguva, pamaforamu ehondo, motokari dzeMAZ-543 dzine mhando itsva dzezvombo gore negore dzaipa vacherechedzi vekune dzimwe nyika "kushamiswa" kunotyisa. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, michina iyi yakachengetedza zvakasimba chimiro chavo chepamusoro uye ichiri kushanda neuto reRussia.

Dhizaini yechizvarwa chitsva chezvina-axle inorema-basa mota SKB-1 yeMinsk Automobile Plant pasi peutungamiri hwemugadziri mukuru Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik yakatanga mukutanga kwema1960, uye kurongeka kwekugadzirwa kwemhuri ye543 kwakagoneka chete. kuendeswa kwekugadzirwa kweMATrakita emotokari yeMAZ-537 kuKurgan plant. Kuunganidza motokari itsva paMAZ, musangano wepachivande wakaumbwa, gare gare wakashandurwa kuva kugadzirwa kwematirakita anokosha ane mavhiri, uye SKB-1 yakava Hofisi yeMugadziri Mukuru No. 2 (UGK-2).

MAZ-543 mhuri

Zvinoenderana neyakajairwa dhizaini uye hwaro hwakawedzerwa, mhuri yeMAZ-543 yaive yakakurumidza uye inokwanisa kuchinjika shanduko yekutakura matirakita emotokari yeMAZ-537G, yakagamuchira mayunitsi akakwidziridzwa, makombi matsva uye kureba kwakawedzera. Injini yedhiziri ine 525-horsepower D12A-525A V12, automatic transmission ine torque converter uye matatu-speed gearbox, mavhiri matsva edhisiki pane torsion bar suspension ane pressure inogadziriswa pamarimu akafara anonzi riveted-welded live frame yakaiswa pa chassis ine kumiswa kwepakutanga.

Hwaro hwemhuri ye543 yaive base chassis MAZ-543, MAZ-543A uye MAZ-543M ine itsva fiberglass side cabs ine reverse slope ye windshields, iyo yakava yemhando ye "call card" yemhando yese yemhando. Iwo makabati aive nekurudyi nekuruboshwe sarudzo, uye nhengo mbiri dzevashandi dzakawanikwa zvinoenderana neiyo yekutanga tandem chirongwa, muzvigaro zvega chimwe nechimwe. Nzvimbo yemahara pakati pavo yakashandiswa kuisa radiator uye kugadzirisa kumberi kweroketi. Motokari dzose dzaive nevhiri rimwe chete remamita 7,7, kana dzakazara, dzakagadzira kumhanya mumugwagwa mukuru we60 km / h uye dzakapedza 80 malita emafuta pa100 km.

MAZ-543

Tateguru wemhuri ye543 aive "chirenje" chekisi chassis ine simba rekutakura rematani 19,1 ane nyore MAZ-543 index. Ekutanga prototypes matanhatu akaunganidzwa muchirimo cha1962 uye akatumirwa kuVolgograd kuti aise iyo missile system. Kugadzirwa kwemotokari MAZ-543 kwakatanga mumatsutso a1965. Mavari, pamberi peimba yeinjini, paive nemakamuri maviri emusuwo akaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, ayo akafanosarudzira diki kumberi kwepamusoro (2,5 m) uye inokwirisa furemu kureba kwemamita anopfuura matanhatu. MAZ-543 motokari dzakaungana muhuwandu hwemakopi 1631.

MuPeople's Army yeGDR, miviri mipfupi-yesimbi ine canopy uye yakasimbiswa maturusi ekubatanidza yakaiswa paMAZ-543 chassis, ichivashandura kuita mota dzekudzosera nhare kana matirakita ebhora.

Padanho rekutanga, chinangwa chikuru cheiyi vhezheni chaive chekutakura kuyedza-tactical missile masisitimu. Yekutanga yeiyi yaive yekuseka-up system ye9K71 Temp complex, ichiteverwa ne9P117 self-propelled launcher (SPU) ye9K72 itsva yakaoma.

Masampuli ekutanga eRubezh coastal missile system, radio relay communication station, kurwisa kudzora nzvimbo, 9T35 kurwisa crane, dhiziri magetsi emagetsi, nezvimwewo zvakaiswawo pachigadziko ichi.

MAZ-543A

Muna 1963, mhando yekutanga yeMAZ-543A chassis ine simba rekutakura tani 19,4 pakarepo pasi pekugadzwa kweSPU yeTemp-S operational-tactical missile system (OTRK), uye yakazoshanda sehwaro hwemauto ehondo. uye superstructures. Kugadzirwa kwayo kwemaindasitiri kwakatanga muna 1966, uye makore maviri gare gare yakapinda mukugadzirwa kweserial.

Musiyano mukuru pakati pemotokari neMAZ-543 modhi yaive kurongekazve kweiyo undercarriage, isingaoneki kubva kunze, nekuda kwekutama kudiki kweaviri macabs. Izvi zvaireva kuwedzera kudiki pamberi pepamusoro (chete 93 mm) uye kuwedzera kwechikamu chinobatsira chefuremu kusvika pamamita manomwe. Kusvikira pakati pemakore ekuma2000, chassis inodarika 2600 MAZ-543A yakabudiswa.

Chinangwa chikuru uye chakakomba cheMAZ-543A chaive chekufambisa kwe9P120 OTRK Temp-S launcher nemotokari yayo yekutakura zvinhu (TZM), pamwe neTZM yeSmerch multiple launch rocket system.

Yakawedzerwa seti yemidziyo yemauto yakavakirwa pamotokari iyi: zvekutakura uye zvekuisa zvikamu, marori kireni, nharembozha dzekuraira, kutaurirana uye dziviriro mota dzema missile masisitimu, midziyo yeradar, maworkshop, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, nezvimwe.

Kuedza uye diki-diki mota dzeMAZ-543 mhuri

Mukupera kwema1960 nekutanga 1970s, mhuri ye543 yaisanganisira akati wandei madiki-mwero uye kuyedza kugadzirisa. Yekutanga mune alfabheti maratidziro maviri eiyo MAZ-543B chassis, yakavakwa pahwaro hweMAZ-543 uye yakashandiswa kuisa yakagadziridzwa 9P117M launcher ye9K72 yakaoma.

Chinhu chikuru chaive chiri chiziviso chidiki-chinozivikanwa MAZ-543V ine dhizaini yakasiyana zvakasiyana uye inotakura matani 19,6, iyo yakashanda sehwaro hweiyo yakazozivikanwa vhezheni yeMAZ-543M. Kusiyana nevakatangira, kekutanga yaive nemberi-inorerekera imwe double cab, iri kuruboshwe parutivi pejini. Urongwa uhwu hwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kurebesa zvakanyanya chikamu chinosungirirwa chefuremu yekuiswa kwemidziyo mikuru. Chassis MAZ-543V yakaungana muhuwandu hwemakopi 233.

Kuita mabasa ekumashure ekufambisa muuto reSoviet uye hupfumi hwenyika pakati pemakore ekuma1960, shanduro yemhepo yakasiyana-siyana yeMAZ-543P mbiri-chinangwa yakagadziridzwa, iyo yakashanda semotokari yekudzidzira kana tirakita ye ballast yekudhonza zvidimbu zve artillery. matrailer anorema.

Zvishoma-zvinozivikanwa prototypes zvemunhu asina kuwana budiriro aisanganisira iyo MAZ-543D chassis ine akawanda-mafuta vhezheni yeyakajairwa injini yedhiziri uye yekuyedza "tropical" MAZ-543T yekushanda munzvimbo dzine makomo dzerenje.

MAZ-543M

Muna 1976, makore maviri mushure mekusikwa uye kuyedzwa kweiyo prototype, chassis yakabudirira kwazvo, yepamusoro uye yehupfumi MAZ-543M yakazvarwa, iyo yakabva yangopinda mukugadzira uye kushanda, ndokuzotungamira mhuri yese ye543. Motokari itsva yakasiyana kubva michina miviri yekutanga 543/543А nekuda kwekuiswa kwekabhiti yekuruboshwe chete, iri padyo nejini yekamuri uye yakachinjirwa kumberi kweiyo furemu, iyo yakasvika pakureba kwayo (2,8 m). Panguva imwecheteyo, zvikamu zvose uye zvikamu hazvina kuchinja, uye simba rekutakura rakawedzera kusvika 22,2 tani.

Kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemotokari iyi kwaisanganisira kuyedza-chinangwa chassis ine simbi-yese parutivi papuratifomu kubva kune veruzhinji-chinangwa rori MAZ-7310.

MAZ-543M yaive yakasimba kwazvo uye yemazuva ano zvombo zvepamba masisitimu uye akawanda akasarudzika superstructures uye van mitumbi. Yakanga yakashongedzerwa neiyo yakasimba kwazvo Smerch yakawanda kuvhura rocket system pasirese, kuvhura kweBereg coastal artillery system uye Rubezh missile system, marudzi akasiyana eS-300 anti-ndege pfuti, nezvimwe.

Rondedzero yenzira dzekubatsira dzekupa nharembozha masisitimu ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kuwanda: nhare dzekuraira, zita rechinangwa, kutaurirana, sevhisi yehondo, dziviriro nedziviriro mota, mashopu akazvimirira uye zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, macanteens enhare uye yekurara yevashandi, kurwisa uye zvimwe zvakawanda. .

Nhamba yepamusoro yekugadzirwa kwemotokari yeMAZ-543M yakawira muna 1987. Kusvikira pakati pemakore ekuma2000, Minsk Automobile Plant yakaunganidza motokari dzinopfuura 4,5 zviuru zvezvikamu izvi.

Kuparara kweSoviet Union kwakamisa kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwematatu eMAZ-543 base chassis, asi vakaramba vachiunganidzwa muzvikamu zvidiki nemirairo yekuzadza ngarava dzemotokari dzakabviswa, pamwe nekuyedza masystem matsva anovimbisa pavari. Pakazara, pakati pemakore e2000, motokari dzinopfuura 11 zviuru zve543 dzakatevedzana dzakaungana muMinsk, iyo yaigara inenge zana zana rezvombo uye zvombo zvehondo. Kubva 1986, pasi perezinesi, kambani yeChinese Wanshan yakaunganidza mota dzakagadziridzwa dzeMAZ-543 dzakatevedzana pasi pezita rechiratidzo WS-2400.

Muna 1990, manheru ekuputsika kweUSSR, 22-ton multi-purpose prototype MAZ-7930 yakagadzirwa neine multi-fuel V12 injini ine simba re 500 hp uye multi-stage transmission kubva kuYaroslavl Motor Plant. , itsva monoblock cabin uye yakakwirira-sided simbi muviri.

Zvichakadaro, musi waFebruary 7, 1991, chikwata chemauto cheMinsk Automobile Plant chakabuda kubva kune bhizinesi guru uye chakashandurwa kuva Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (MZKT) ine zvivako zvayo zvekugadzira uye nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza. Pasinei neizvi, muna 1994, prototypes dzakaedzwa, makore mana gare gare dzakapinda mukugadzirwa, uye muna February 2003, pasi pezita rechiratidzo MZKT-7930, dzakagamuchirwa kuti dzipiwe kuuto reRussia, kwavanoshumira kukwidza zvombo zvitsva uye superstructures. .

Kusvika iye zvino, michina yeMAZ-543 yemhuri inoramba iri muchirongwa chekugadzira cheMZKT uye, kana zvichidiwa, inogona kuiswa zvakare kune conveyor.

Various prototypes uye duku-pamwero motokari anobudiswa pahwaro MAZ-543

Sezvo mavambo emazuva ano akaonekwa mukutanga kwe70s, ayo akasiyana muhukuru hukuru, mubvunzo wakamuka wekugadzira zvigadziriso zvitsva zveMAZ-543 chassis. Yekutanga yekuedza kuvandudza yaive MAZ-543B, yakaunganidzwa muhuwandu hwemakopi maviri. Vakashanda sechassis yekuisa yakakwidziridzwa 2P9M yekuvhura.

Sezvo vatsvaki vatsva vaida chassis yakareba, kuchinja kweMAZ-543V kwakakurumidza kuonekwa, pamusana peiyo MAZ-543M yakazogadzirwa. Kugadziriswa kweMAZ-543M kwakasiyaniswa nekuvapo kwekabhini imwe chete, iyo yakashandurwa zvakanyanya mberi. Chassis yakadaro yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuisa zvinhu zvakakura kana midziyo pachigadziko chayo.

Pamabasa akasiyana-siyana ekufambisa, zvose muuto uye muhupfumi hwenyika, shanduko duku yeMAZ-543P yakagadzirwa. Muchina uyu waive nezvinangwa zviviri. Yaishandiswa zvese kudhonza matirairi uye zvidimbu zve artillery, uye nemotokari dzekudzidzisa.

Paivawo neshanduko dzisingazivikanwe, dzakaburitswa mumakopi mamwe se prototypes. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadziriswa kweMAZ-543D, iyo ine injini yedhiziri yakawanda inogona kushanda pane zvose dizeli uye peturu. Zvinosuruvarisa, nekuda kwekuoma kwekugadzirwa, injini iyi haina kumbopinda mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu.

Uyewo inofadza ndiyo muenzaniso weMAZ-543T, iyo inonzi "Tropic". Kugadziridzwa uku kwakagadzirirwa zvakanyanya kushanda munzvimbo dzine makomo nerenje.

Zvinotsanangurwa uye kuenzanisa neanalogues

Masoja ane mavhiri marori, akafanana maererano nekuita maitiro kune MAZ-537 tarakita, akaonekwawo kune dzimwe nyika. MuUnited States, maererano nezvido zvehondo, Mack akatanga kugadzirwa kwetarakita yeM123 nerori yeM125 flatbed.

MuUK, Antar yaishandiswa kutakura mota dzine zvombo uye setirakita yebhora.

Onawo: MMZ - trailer yemotokari: maitiro, shanduko, kugadzirisa

MAZ-537	Mac M123	Anthar Thorneycroft
Huremu, matani	21,6	14	makumi maviri
Urefu mamita	8,9	7.1	8.4
Upamhi, m	2,8	2,9	2,8
Simba reinjini, h.p.	525	297	260
Kunonyanyisa kumhanya, km / h	55	68	Zvina zvishanu
Rwizi rwekufambisa, km	650	483	North Dakota.

Terakita yekuAmerica yaive muchina wekugadzirwa kwechinyakare, wakagadzirwa pazvikamu zvemotokari. Pakutanga, yakanga yakagadzirwa nejini ye carburetor, uye chete mu60s marori akagadziridzwa zvakare nekuisa injini ye 300 hp dhiziri. Mumakore ekuma1970, vakatsiviwa neM911 setirakita yetangi remauto eUS. British Antar yakashandisa injini yendege "yakarerutswa" sere-cylinder seinjini yayo, kushaikwa kwesimba kwaitova pachena mukupera kwema1950.

Gare gare dhiziri-powered modhi yakawedzera kumhanya (kusvika 56 km/h) uye mubhadharo zvakati, asi ichiri kubudirira kushoma. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Antar yakatanga kugadzirwa serori yekushanda munhandare yemafuta, uye kwete yebasa rechiuto.

Iyo MAZ-537 inosiyaniswa nedhizaini yakagadziridzwa kuti ishandiswe muuto, yakakwira yekuyambuka-nyika kugona ("Antar" yakanga isina kana dhiraivha yekumberi) uye muganho mukuru wekuchengeteka.

Semuenzaniso, iyo M123, zvakare yakagadzirirwa kukweva zvinhu zvinorema kubva pamatani makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu, yaive nemotokari (kwete tangi) injini yesimba rakaderera. Zvakare zvinoshamisa kuvepo kweiyo hydromechanical transmission paSoviet tirakita.

MAZ-537 yakaratidza kukwanisa kukuru kwevakagadziri veMinsk Automobile Plant, avo vakakwanisa munguva pfupi kwete chete kugadzira rori yekugadzirwa kwepakutanga (MAZ-535), asiwo kukurumidza kuigadzirisa. Uye, kunyange zvazvo muMinsk vakakurumidza kuchinja kune kugadzirwa kwe "Hurricane", kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kweMAZ-537 muKurgan kwakasimbisa unhu hwayo hwepamusoro, uye rori yeKZKT-7428 yakava mutsivi wayo akakodzera, zvichiratidza kuti kukwanisa kwekugadzira. haisati yaratidzwa kumberi haisati yapedzwa zvizere.

Zvinoumba MAZ-543M

Muna 1976, kuchinja kutsva uye kwakakurumbira kweMAZ-543 kwakaonekwa. Iyo prototype, inonzi MAZ-543M, yakaedzwa kwemakore maviri. Muchina uyu wakaiswa musevhisi mushure mekutanga. Kugadziridzwa uku kwakava kubudirira zvikuru mhuri MAZ-2. Chimiro chayo chave chakareba kwazvo mukirasi yayo, uye kutakura kwemotokari kwakawedzera kusvika 543 matani. Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza mumuenzaniso uyu chaiva chokuti zvose zvikamu uye magungano akanga akafanana zvachose nenode dzemamwe marudzi emhuri yeMAZ-22,2.

Iyo ine simba kwazvo Soviet launchers, anti-ndege pfuti uye akasiyana artillery masisitimu yakaiswa paMAZ-543M chassis. Uye zvakare, akati wandei akakosha ekuwedzera akaiswa pane iyi chassis. Munguva yose yekugadzirwa kweMAZ-543M, motokari dzinopfuura 4500 dzakabudiswa.

Inonyanya kufarira ndiyo rondedzero yezvakananga nzira dzekutsigira yakaiswa paMAZ-543M chassis:

• Mobile hostels dzakagadzirirwa vanhu makumi maviri nemana. Aya macomplexes ane masisitimu emhepo, microclimate, mvura inopihwa, kutaurirana, microclimate uye kupisa;
• Mobile canteens yevashandi vehondo.

Idzi motokari dzakashandiswa munzvimbo dziri kure dzeUSSR, uko kwakanga kusina nzvimbo dzekugara uye pakanga pasina pokugara.

Mushure mekuputsika kweSoviet Union, kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweMAZ-543 mota dzezvese zvakagadziridzwa zvitatu kwakamiswa. Iwo akagadzirwa akanyatso kuodha mumabheji madiki kusvika pakati pe2000s.

Muna 1986, rezinesi rokuunganidza MAZ-543 rakatengeswa kuChina kambani Wanshan, izvo zvichiri kuvabudisa.

MAZ 537: mutengo, tsanangudzo, mapikicha, wongororo, vatengesi MAZ 537

Zvinodiwa MAZ 537

Mwaka wekugadzira	1959 g
Physique	Tarakita
Kureba, mm	8960
Upamhi, mm	2885
Kureba, mm	2880
Nhamba yemasuo	два
Nhamba yezvigaro	4
Trunk vhoriyamu, l	-
Vaka nyika	USSR

Shanduko MAZ 537

MAZ 537 38.9

Kunonyanyisa kumhanya, km / h	55
Nguva yekumhanyisa kusvika ku100 km/h, sec	-
Mota	Dienjini injini
Kushanda vhoriyamu, cm3	38880
Simba, simba remabhiza / mabhindauko	525/2100
Nguva, Nm/rev	2200 / 1100-1400
Kushandiswa mumugwagwa mukuru, l pa100 km	-
Kushandiswa muguta, l pa100 km	-
Yakasanganiswa kushandiswa, l pa100 km	125,0
Transmission mhando	Otomatiki, 3 magiya
Dhiraivha	Yazara
Ratidza zvese

Motokari dzemoto MAZ-543 "Hurricane"

Motokari dzemoto MAZ-543 "Hurricane" dzakagadzirirwa zvakananga kushanda kuSoviet airfields. Michina yakawanda yeiyi nhevedzano ichiri kushanda panhandare dzendege dzeCIS. MAZ-543 vanodzima moto vane 12 litita tangi remvura. Kune zvakare 000 litre foam tank. Mamiriro akadai anoita kuti mota dzekutsigira idzi dzive dzakakosha kana pakaitika moto wakaerekana panhandare yendege. Iyo chete yakaipa ndiyo yakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta, iyo inosvika 900 malita pamakiromita zana.

Parizvino, motokari yemhuri yeMAZ-543 zvishoma nezvishoma inotsiviwa nemotokari itsva yeMZKT-7930, kunyange zvazvo nzira iyi iri kunonoka. Mazana MAZ-543s kuramba kushanda mumauto Russia uye CIS nyika.

Kugadziridza kukuru

Nhasi kune mhando mbiri huru uye akati wandei madiki-mwero shanduro.

MAZ 543 A

Muna 1963, shanduro yekutanga yakavandudzwa yeMAZ 543A yakatangwa, ine simba rekutakura zvishoma rematani 19,4. Kwapera chinguva, kureva, kubva muna 1966, zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvombo zvehondo zvakatanga kugadzirwa pamusana pekushandurwa kweA (hotera).

Saka, hapana misiyano yakawanda kubva kune yekutanga modhi. Chinhu chekutanga chauchaona ndechekuti makombi aenda kumberi. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera hurefu hunobatsira hwechimiro kusvika 7000 mm.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kugadzirwa kweiyi vhezheni kwakakura uye kwakaramba kuchienderera mberi kusvika kutanga kwema2000, pamwe chete hapana anopfuura 2500 zvikamu zvakakungurutswa kubva pamutsetse wegungano.

Chaizvoizvo, mota dzakashanda sekutakura zvombo zvekutakurisa zvombo zvezvombo uye marudzi ese emidziyo. Kazhinji, chassis yaive yepasirese uye yaive yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dze superstructures.

MAZ 543 M

Mutsara wegoridhe weiyo yose 543 mutsara, iyo yakanakisa shanduko, yakagadzirwa muna 1974. Kusiyana nevakatangira, motokari iyi yaingova nekombi kudivi rekuruboshwe. Kutakura huwandu hwaive hwepamusoro, hunosvika 22 kg pasina kufunga nezvehuremu hwemotokari pachayo.

Kazhinji, hapana kuchinja kukuru kwemaitiro kwakaonekwa. Pahwaro hweMAZ 543 M, zvombo zvinotyisa zvikuru uye marudzi ose ezvimwe zvekuwedzera zvakagadzirwa uye zvichiri kugadzirwa. Aya ndiwo SZO "Smerch", S-300 air defense systems, nezvimwe.

Kwenguva dzose, simiti yakabudisa zvishoma zvidimbu 4,5 zviuru zveM series. Chakanga chasara kwaiva kugadzirwa kwezvikwata zvidiki zvakatumwa nehurumende. Pakazosvika 2005, huwandu hwe11 zviuru zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemhuri ye543 yakanga yabuda pamutsetse wegungano.

Pane chassis yemotokari yehondo ine muviri wesimbi, MAZ 7930 yakagadzirwa muma90s, iyo injini ine simba (500 hp) yakaiswa. Kuburitswa mukugadzirwa kwakawanda kweiyo vhezheni, inonzi MZKT 7930, haina kumisa kunyangwe chokwadi chekudonha kweUSSR. Kuburitswa kunoenderera nanhasi.