MAZ 543

Chiratidziro chinodaidzwa kuti MAZ 543 chakagadzirwa seyakanakisa mavhiri ese-mavhiri mota, iyo isingasiyane mukugadzirwa kubva kune analogues yenyika. Chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti hofori iyi yeXNUMX-axle yakagadzirwa chete kubva kunhengo dzakagadzirwa mudzimba.

Pakutanga, mainjiniya akatarisana nebasa rekugadzira mutakuri wezvombo, ipapo hwaro hwe543 hwakava hwepasirese kune akawanda ekuwedzera masisitimu nemidziyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo inorema-basa mota yave imwe yeinonyanya kudiwa muuto rehondo reUSSR.

Historical Background

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti rudzi urwu rwemichina ichiri kushanda neRussia uye nyika dzeCIS. Gore roga roga motokari idzi dzinogona kuonekwa mukubwinya kwadzo kose pamapuranga akatsaurirwa kuZuva Rokukunda muHondo Yenyika Yese.

Nyaya yakatanga neMAZ 537, sezvo muenzaniso uyu wakatorwa sehwaro. Mushure mekutangwa kwe serial kugadzirwa kwe537, boka revanjiniya rinotungamirwa nemugadziri akanakisa B.L. rakatumirwa kuMinsk. Shaposhnikov. Chinangwa chebudiriro chaive chekuda kuzadzazve kutakura kwemauto.

Mainjiniya akatanga basa mukupera kwema1950, uye muma1960 pfungwa yerori itsva inorema yakagadzirwa. Pakupera kwegore, hurumende yeUSSR yakasarudza kutanga kugadzirwa kwemazhinji munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

Makore maviri gare gare, prototypes yeMAZ 543 yakagadzirirwa kuongororwa muhuwandu hwezvikamu zvitanhatu. Motokari mbiri dzakadzoserwa kune chimwe chirimwa muVolgograd, kwadzakatanga kugadzirirwa rocket launchers nemasampuli ezvombo zvitsva.

Kekutanga, mutakuri wezvombo akatora chikamu mukuedzwa kwezvombo zvemissile muna 1964. Kwenguva yese yekuyedzwa, hapana zvikanganiso zvakakomba mumatekinoroji akaonekwa.

Pazasi pane mufananidzo unonzi Rocket Carrier

Technical specifications

Yekutanga missile carrier yeMAZ 543 line yakanga ine simba rekutakura rinopfuura 19 kg. Munhoroondo yose, anopfuura chiuru nehafu makopi emhando iyi akakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano. Vamwe vavo vakaendeswa kuEast Germany, uko chasi yacho yakashandiswa serori kutakura varwi.

Turavhani dzakaita kuti zvikwanise kushandura mota kuita tirakita yakazara. Semuenzaniso, mimwe mienzaniso yave motorhomes, mota dzepamba, uye mamwe mamodheru.

Yekutanga missile system kuiswa pane iyi chassis yaive TEMP tactical complex. Gare gare yakatsiviwa neiyo 9P117 yekumisikidza.

Uyewo pahwaro hweMAZ 543 vaiva:

• zviteshi zvekufambisa nhare;
• kurwisa nzvimbo dzekuongorora;
• missile masisitimu emarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye zvinangwa;
• mauto crane, nezvimwewo.

Cab

Vemukati vanofanira kunge vakashamisika kuti sei iyi dhizaini yemukati yakasarudzwa. Zviri nyore, zvekutanga zveTEMP makomba aive nehurefu hwemamita gumi nemaviri, saka aifanira kuiswa kumwe kunhu.

Pekutanga vaingoda kuita kaburi kadiki pakati pekabhini. Asi zvehunyanzvi hazvina kushanda. Zvaiita sokuti nzira chete yokubuda nayo kwaiva kushandisa furemu refu. Zvisinei, Shaposhnikov akasarudza kutora nzira isiri-yakajairika uye akakamura chekicho muzvikamu zviviri, izvo zvaigoneka kuisa roketi.

Pakutanga, nzira iyi yakanga isingashandiswi mukugadzirwa kwezvombo zvehondo, asi yakazova iyo chete mhinduro yakarurama. Zvakare, pakugadzira kabhini, mainjiniya vakasarudza kushandisa asiri-simbi mashizha. Vakasarudza resin yakasimbiswa yepolyester inoita sepurasitiki.

Pakutanga, munhu wose akanga asina chokwadi nezvechisarudzo ichi, asi miedzo yakaratidza kuvimbika uye simba rezvinyorwa. Nekusimbisa, mahwendefa ezvombo ekuwedzera akashandiswa, akaturikwa kubva kumusoro. Kambani imwe neimwe yaive nezvigaro zviviri.

Mauto MAZ

Pakugadzira motokari, kwete chete zvikamu zvepamba zvakagadzirwa muU.SR zvakashandiswa, asiwo mazano matsva evagadziri panguva iyoyo:

• maviri-chikamu chinotsigira chimiro che curvilinear chimiro, chakagadzirwa ne welding uye riveting;
• torsion bar kumiswa nemarevheti, ayo anovimbisa kukwira kwakanaka;
• ina-speed hydromechanical transmission nekukwanisa kushandura pasina kupera simba;
• 8-vhiri dhiraivha ine otomatiki yekupomba basa, inowedzerwa neyekumanikidza control system (kuwedzera patency mune chero mamiriro);
• gumi nemaviri-cylinder power plant kubva kuD-12A-525 tangi ine vhoriyamu yekushanda inopfuura 38 litita uye yakayerwa simba rinopfuura 500 hp;
• matangi maviri emafuta edhiziri ane huwandu hwemarita 250 (yechitatu inochengeterwa 180 litita);
• uremu hwemotokari ivhareji yematani makumi maviri (zvichienderana nekugadzirisa uye chinangwa);
• kumira chinhambwe chingangoita 21 m.

zviyero

• kureba 11,26 m;
• kureba 2,9m;
• hupamhi 3,05 m;
• kubvumirwa kwevhu 40 cm;
• track 2375 m;
• kutenderera radius 13,5m.

Kugadziridza kukuru

Nhasi kune mhando mbiri huru uye akati wandei madiki-mwero shanduro.

MAZ 543 A

Muna 1963, shanduro yekutanga yakavandudzwa yeMAZ 543A yakatangwa, ine simba rekutakura zvishoma rematani 19,4. Kwapera chinguva, kureva, kubva muna 1966, zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvombo zvehondo zvakatanga kugadzirwa pamusana pekushandurwa kweA (hotera).

Saka, hapana misiyano yakawanda kubva kune yekutanga modhi. Chinhu chekutanga chauchaona ndechekuti makombi aenda kumberi. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera hurefu hunobatsira hwechimiro kusvika 7000 mm.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kugadzirwa kweiyi vhezheni kwakakura uye kwakaramba kuchienderera mberi kusvika kutanga kwema2000, pamwe chete hapana anopfuura 2500 zvikamu zvakakungurutswa kubva pamutsetse wegungano.

Chaizvoizvo, mota dzakashanda sekutakura zvombo zvekutakurisa zvombo zvezvombo uye marudzi ese emidziyo. Kazhinji, chassis yaive yepasirese uye yaive yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dze superstructures.

MAZ 543 M

Mutsara wegoridhe weiyo yose 543 mutsara, iyo yakanakisa shanduko, yakagadzirwa muna 1974. Kusiyana nevakatangira, motokari iyi yaingova nekombi kudivi rekuruboshwe. Kutakura huwandu hwaive hwepamusoro, hunosvika 22 kg pasina kufunga nezvehuremu hwemotokari pachayo.

Kazhinji, hapana kuchinja kukuru kwemaitiro kwakaonekwa. Pahwaro hweMAZ 543 M, zvombo zvinotyisa zvikuru uye marudzi ose ezvimwe zvekuwedzera zvakagadzirwa uye zvichiri kugadzirwa. Aya ndiwo SZO "Smerch", S-300 air defense systems, nezvimwe.

Kwenguva dzose, simiti yakabudisa zvishoma zvidimbu 4,5 zviuru zveM series. Chakanga chasara kwaiva kugadzirwa kwezvikwata zvidiki zvakatumwa nehurumende. Pakazosvika 2005, huwandu hwe11 zviuru zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemhuri ye543 yakanga yabuda pamutsetse wegungano.

Pane chassis yemotokari yehondo ine muviri wesimbi, MAZ 7930 yakagadzirwa muma90s, iyo injini ine simba (500 hp) yakaiswa. Kuburitswa mukugadzirwa kwakawanda kweiyo vhezheni, inonzi MZKT 7930, haina kumisa kunyangwe chokwadi chekudonha kweUSSR. Kuburitswa kunoenderera nanhasi.

Zviduku-zvigadziridzo

Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu enhoroondo yemuenzaniso uyu, zvigadziriso zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirwa muhuwandu hushoma. Kugadzirwa kweserial hakuna kusimbiswa, nekuti pakanga pasina chikonzero chayo.

Semuyenzaniso, MAZ 543 B yaida kugadza yakagadziridzwa roketi 9K72 launcher. Hwaro hweiyo yakakura M-yakatevedzana yaive prototype yeB-yakatevedzana.

Maererano nezvinodiwa zvehupfumi uye zvekugadzirisa, zvigadziridzo zvakagadzirwa neP index. Idzi dzaive motokari dzekudzidzira moto kana mienzaniso yekutakura matrailer uye zvidimbu zvinorema zvezvombo. Anenge 250 zvidimbu chete.

Kazhinji, sechikamu chechitima chemugwagwa wematareta maviri-axle MAZ 5433 uye serial nhamba 8385, unogona kuwana pane-board module MAZ 543 7310 uye mamwe maitiro.

Boka diki reMAZ 543 Hurricanes rakaitirwawo mabasa emoto. Hofori idzi dzichiri kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzepasi penyika dzeCIS. Midziyo yekudzima moto yaive ne12 litre tank yemvura uye 000 litre foam tank.

Michina yakadai yaikosha pakudzima moto panzvimbo dzakadai. Chinhu chikuru chakakanganisika chemotokari dzese mune ino nhevedzano ndeyekunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta. Kana mamodheru ekutanga "akadya" anosvika 100 litita pamakiromita zana, saka shanduro dzemazuva ano dzinodya kusvika 100 litres kwechinhambwe chimwe chete.

Kushanda kwezvombo zvehondo

Vatyairi vakarovedzwa zvakakodzera vanogona kutyaira motokari huru yakadaro. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinodikanwa kupasa bvunzo paruzivo rwezvakafanana zvikamu zvakasara, kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza uye, hongu, kutyaira pachako. Kazhinji, chiyero chevashandi vemotokari chinosanganisira vanhu vaviri, saka vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete.

Tekinoroji nyowani inoda kuunzwa. Kutanga, mushure mekumhanya kwe1000 km, yekutanga MOT inoitwa. Zvakare, mushure mezviuru zviviri zvemakiromita, shanduko yemafuta inoitwa.

Asati atanga injini, mutyairi anopomba iyo lubrication system ine yakakosha pombi (kumanikidza kusvika 2,5 atm) kweasingasviki miniti. Kana tembiricha iri pazasi madhigirii mashanu, injini inofanira kudziyirwa isati yatanga - kune yakakosha kudziyisa system yeizvi.

Mushure mekumisa injini, kutangazve inobvumirwa chete mushure memaminitsi makumi matatu. Mushure mekutsvaira pakudziya kwakaderera, simiti yemagetsi inotangwa kubvisa mvura kubva muturbine.

Nokudaro, motokari yakanga isina basa kwenguva yakareba pane imwe nzvimbo yekushisa isingasviki 15 degrees. Ipapo iyo hydromechanical gearbox ine overdrive yakadzima.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti reverse kasi rinoitwa chete mushure mekumira kwakakwana. Paunenge uchityaira panzvimbo dzakaoma uye pasi rakaoma, giya repamusoro rinobatanidzwa, uye mumamiriro ekunze-mumugwagwa, giya rezasi rinobatanidzwa.

Paunomira pamateru anopfuura 7 madhigirii, kuwedzera kune ruoko brake, dhiraivha ye master cylinder ye brake system inoshandiswa. Kupaka hakufanire kudarika maawa mana, zvikasadaro mavhiri emavhiri anoiswa.

Indasitiri yemazuva ano

Zvinosuruvarisa, matirakita MAZ 543 zvishoma nezvishoma anotsiviwa nemhando yepamusoro yeMZKT 7930, asi izvi zviri kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Midziyo yese ichiri yemhando yepamusoro. Munyika dzakawanda dzeCIS, kusanganisira Russia, iyi midziyo inokosha ichiri kushanda.

Iwe haugone kuwana idzi mota munharaunda yehupfumi-hupfumi. Mushure mezvose, chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekutakura uye kutakura zvinhu, zvombo, mauto modules uye masoja.

Mamwe mamodheru akashandurwa kuita dzimba dzekumaruwa. Iye zvino motokari dzakagadzirwa muzvikamu zviduku maererano nemirairo yehurumende yemauto. Midziyo yakadaro haisi kutengeswa uye haisi yerendi, haishande kutenga kunyange tirakita yakabviswa.